Temporary behavior of atmosphere; short-term atmospheric conditions.

Climate strongly influenced by oceans with little variation in temperature seasonally and daily.

Climate with extreme temperature differences between day and night and between summer and winter due to being farther away from water bodies.

A dry area on the side of a mountain opposite to the wind.

Largest and most important change is the oscillation (cycle) between El Niño and La Niña

A weather pattern caused by the warming of the Pacific Ocean near the equator, off the coast of South America.

A weather pattern defined by the cooling of the ocean surface along the tropical Pacific coast of South America.

The process by which magma from the interior of the earth rises through the crust, emerges onto the surface as lava, and cools into volcanic rock

A cyclical movement related to the Earth's orbit around the Sun. There are three of them: eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession.

The Milankovitch cycle that affects the shape of Earth’s orbit.

The Milankovitch cycle that affects the wobbling of Earth’s axis of rotation.

The Milankovitch cycle that affects the tilt of the Earth.

A process where gases in Earth’s atmosphere radiate the Sun’s heat back down to Earth’s surface, making the Earth warmer.

Gases in the Earth’s atmosphere that trap heat within it.

A process that causes the average temperature on Earth to increase or warm up.