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Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

Total questions: 23

Worksheet time: 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

… Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor.…

—Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Law


In this passage, Montesquieu references

a)

Enlightened despotism

b)

a policy of mercantilism

c)

separation of powers

d)

a social contract

2.

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”


The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of

a)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

b)

John Locke

c)

Voltaire

d)

Baron de Montesquieu

3.

“When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates [government officials], there can be no liberty; because apprehensions [fears] may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws to execute them in a tyrannical manner…”


-Baron de Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws


Which solution would Baron de Montesquieu offer to avoid the enactment of tyrannical laws?

a)

Granting freedom of speech

b)

Reinstating absolute monarchs

c)

Separating the three branches of government

d)

Limiting natural laws

4.

“The rule of law is more powerful than the rule of the tyrant.”

-Simon Bolivar

“Whoever has the … supreme power… is bound to govern by established standing laws.”

-John Locke


What is the main idea expressed in these quotations?

a)

Rulers should govern with unlimited power

b)

All governments should be democratic

c)

Rulers must be subject to the law

d)

Governments should be based on the laws of God

5.

“...the Laws ought to be so framed, as to secure the Safety of every citizen as much as possible.

...the Equality of the Citizens consists in this; that they should all be subject to the same Laws…”


-Documents of Catherine the Great, W.F. Reddaway, ed., Cambridge University Press (adapted)


The ideas of Catherine the Great of Russia show her role as a

a)

absolute monarch

b)

enlightened despot

c)

dictor

d)

divine right monarch

6.
Which step did Catherine the Great take that is consistent with Enlightenment ideas?
a)
ordering the burning of books
b)
strengthening the institution of serfdom
c)
expanding Russian territory into Ukraine
d)
considering a law code that would treat all citizens equally
7.
One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment are similar is that both
a)
led to increased power for royal families in Europe
b)
sought to reconcile Christian beliefs and science
c)
questioned traditional values and past practices
d)
promoted nationalistic revolutions in eastern Europe
8.
Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning point in world history?
a)
The factory system was used to mass-produce goods.
b)
Martin Luther broke away from the Roman Catholic Church.
c)
Europeans changed their thinking about the role of government.
d)
The Columbian exchange occurred.
9.
Baron de Montesquieu believed that a separation of powers would
a)
prevent tyranny by acting as a check on power
b)
 restore authority to the Roman Catholic Church
c)
increase corruption of political authority
d)
decrease the power of the middle class
10.
Which statement represents a key idea directly associated with John Locke's Two Treatises of Government?
a)
Freedom of speech should be denied.
b)
The king's power on Earth comes from God.
c)
All people are born with the right to life, liberty, and property.
d)
Individuals acting in their own self-interest will achieve economic success.
11.
 Which pair of ideas were central to the Scientific Revolution?
a)
social stability and economic self-sufficiency
b)
observation and experimentation
c)
technology and military expansion
d)
scarcity and interdependence
12.
Many Enlightenment philosophers used reason to
a)
reinforce traditional beliefs
b)
strengthen religious authority
c)
reveal natural laws
d)
encourage censorship
13.
Which individual suggested the idea that if a government fails to protect its people's natural rights of life, liberty, and property, the people have the right to overthrow it?
a)
Karl Marx
b)
John Locke
c)
Thomas Hobbes
d)
Niccolo Machiavelli
14.
The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers were based on
a)
efforts to achieve salvation
b)
faith in human reason
c)
traditional practices
d)
the inevitability of poverty
15.
One way in which Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau are similar is that they were
a)
philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment
b)
chief ministers during the French Revolution
c)
leaders of the Italian unification movement
d)
supporters of the Counter Reformation
16.
". . . Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. . . ."— Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 1789
Which principle of the Enlightenment philosophers is expressed in this quotation from the French Revolution?
a)
natural law 
b)
nationalism
c)
free trade
d)
socialism
17.

The writings of the 18th-century French philosophers Diderot, Rousseau, and Voltaire influenced the

a)

policies of the enlightened despots

b)

start of the Neolithic Revolution

c)

success of the German unification movement

d)

spread of imperialism to Africa and Asia

18.
In his book Leviathan, he said that all people are natural cruel and selfish.
a)
John Locke
b)
Voltaire
c)
Thomas Hobbes
d)
Baron de Montesquieu
19.
Thomas Hobbes said that people should enter a _______________ where they will give up their freedom for an organized society.
a)
natural rights
b)
moral law
c)
enlightened despot
d)
social contract
20.
Montesquieu believed that government should
a)
be ruled by an absolute monarch
b)
be divided into separate branches
c)
be a social contract
d)
provide freedom of speech
21.
In order to keep one branch of government from becoming too powerful, Montesquieu suggested a system of
a)
checks and balances
b)
a social contract
c)
absolute monarchy
d)
feudalism
22.
What did John Locke say that people could do to a government that did not protect their natural rights?
a)
write s formal letter of complaint
b)
overthrow it
c)
just deal with it
d)
vote for a new king
23.
How did the scientific revolution lead to the Enlightenment?
a)
religious toleration was more prevalent
b)
revolutions began
c)
traditional beliefs were questioned
d)
the feudal system ended

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