WorksheetsModule 7 - Illness Beliefs & Ways of Knowing
Total questions: 96
Worksheet time: 48mins
A community nurse went to visit a Chinese patient at her home. Upon entering the house, she realized that family is performing some ritualized propitiation and invocation of dead kin, based on the belief that spirits influence the fate of the living, which is a widespread ancient practice in many cultures. What is the name of this practice?
Ancestor Worship.
Applied Kinesiology.
Alexander Technique.
Colon Hydrotherapy.
Ancestor Worship
Rationale:
Ancestor worship is a religious practice based on the belief that deceased family members have a continued existence, that the spirits of deceased ancestors will look after the family, take an interest in the affairs of the world, and possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living. Ancestor worship is a family affair, it is held in homes and temples and consists of offering joss stick, serving as communication and greetings to the deceased, prayers and offering items before tablets.
Reference:
Ancestor Worship in Taoism. Ancestor Worship (Chinese: 祔, pinyin: fù), Veneration and Offering in Taoism.
https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/Chinese_Customs/taoism_ancestor_worship.htm
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Sheila is an RN works in Adult day care program. She believes and practices holistic nursing and want to incorporate the philosophy and method that integrates movement, touch and consciousness in the service of fostering physical health and emotional wellbeing in the daily exercise program that is offered for the patients. What is she referring to?
Deep-Tissue Bodywork.
Body Oriented Psychotherapy.
Modified Behavioural Therapy.
Body-Mind Centering.
Body-Mind Centering
Rationale:
Body-Mind Centering (BMC) is a philosophy and method that integrates movement, touch and consciousness in the service of fostering physical health and emotional wellbeing. As noted on the BMC website: “BMC is an experiential study based on the embodiment and application of anatomical, physiological, psychophysical and developmental principles, utilizing movement, touch, voice and mind.
Reference:
Janice Geller (2019). What is Body-Mind Centering? Retrieved from
https://healthypsych.com/body-mind-centering/
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Linda works on a medical surgical unit and recently completed a Therapeutic Touch program. She believes some patients on the unit could benefit from this intervention. Before initiating therapeutic touch in her practice what should Linda do first?
Propose the use of Therapeutic Touch if she has enough information to believe the treatment would benefit the patient.
This therapy must be done in collaboration with the entire health care team and be incorporated into the care plan.
Check organizational policies regarding using complementary therapies.
When recommending a complementary therapy, Linda is obligated to ensure the patient has the necessary information to make an informed choice.
When recommending a complementary therapy, Linda is obligated to ensure the patient has the necessary information to make an informed choice.
Rationale:
In the above scenario, the question asked what Linda would do first before initiating therapeutic touch. All of the above are right answers but this is a standard practice for all the nurses, get an informed consent before initiating any treatment.
As stated by the College of Nurses of Ontario (2019), “Complementary therapies are used to supplement conventional health care practices. They include a wide range of treatment methods, such as herbal therapies and manual healing, including reflexology and acupuncture.Complementary therapies are growing in popularity among the general public. Nurses have been asking CNO whether it is appropriate to provide complementary therapies, and what criteria exist to guide nurses in using these therapies.”
Reference:
The College of Nurses of Ontario (2019). Complementary Therapies. http://www.cno.org/en/learn-about-standards-guidelines/educational-tools/ask-practice/complementary-therapies/
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The nurse is assessing a Japanese patient for pain and suspects that the client's culture may be affecting his pain response. Which evidence supports this theory?
The patient is sleeping in his bed and don’t want to be disturbed.
The patient is holding pressure on the abdomen when speaking.
The patient is talking to his family in normal voice.
The patient is attending physiotherapy session.
The patient is holding pressure on the abdomen when speaking.
Rationale:
In Japanese culture, Itami (pain) may not be expressed verbally, and bearing pain is considered a virtue and a matter of family honor. In the above scenario Nurse has to assess patients non verbal cues.
Reference:
Adachi, T., Sunohara, M., Enomoto, K., Sasaki, K., Sakaue, G., Fujita, Y., … Fukui, S. (2019). Japanese cross-cultural validation study of the Pain Stage of Change Questionnaire. PAIN Reports, 4(2). doi: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000711
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Nurse caring for an 85-year-old Serbian gentleman who came to visit his son in Canada 3 weeks ago. This morning he fell while went for a morning walk with his grandson and he brought him to the ER. Patient is in pain but refuses to accept any treatment as he stated he practices Shamanism. As a culturally competent nurse, she knows people who practices Shamanism beliefs:
Integrating balancing the body, mind, and soul to prevent illness/ promote wellness.
Shamanism is the oldest whole medical system originated in India and part of YOGA- mind body practice
Body posture that promotes strength, flexibility, endurance.
Illness and other forms of distress originate in the spirit world and can communicate with the spirit.
Illness and other forms of distress originate in the spirit world and can communicate with the spirit
Rationale:
A religion practiced by indigenous people of far northern Europe and Siberia that is characterized by belief in an unseen world of gods, demons, and ancestral spirits responsive only to the shamans.
Reference:
Definition of shamanism. Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shamanism
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Chemical compounds, vitamins, enzymes, amino acids and healthy eating, are all examples of:
Alternative therapies.
Mind body medicine.
Nutritional supplements.
Complementary therapies.
Nutritional supplements
Rationale:
If a person doesn’t eat a nutritious variety of foods, some supplements might help to get adequate amounts of essential nutrients. However, supplements can’t take the place of the variety of foods that are important to a healthy diet. Today’s dietary supplements include vitamins, minerals, herbals and botanicals, amino acids, enzymes, and many other products.
Reference:
The National Institute of Health Office of Dietary Supplement. Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know. Retrieved from https://ods.od.nih.gov/HealthInformation/DS_WhatYouNeedToKnow.aspx
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Erica works in a long-term care home where some residents are prescribed herbal remedies by a physician who practices Chinese medicine. Which statement by Erica demonstrates she is not applying accountabilities when administering these substances?
Have I reviewed organizational policies about using complementary therapies?
Do I have the authority to perform this therapy?
Am I competent to provide this therapy safely and effectively?
Can I administer as ordered and follow up with physician regarding effectiveness?
Do I understand, and can I manage the possible outcomes of this therapy?
Can I administer as ordered and follow up with physician regarding effectiveness?
Rationale:
As stated by the College of Nurses of Ontario in the Practice Standard (January 2019), “When a nurse receives a medication order that is unclear, incomplete or inappropriate, the nurse must not perform the medication practice. Instead, the nurse must follow up with a prescriber.” In the above situation, Erica must clarify first if she has the authority and competency to perform the therapy, what are the possible outcomes, what are the organizational policies before performing the therapy.
Reference:
The College of Nurses of Ontario (January 2019). Practice Standard: Medication. Retrieved from https://www.cno.org/globalassets/docs/prac/41007_medication.pdf
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A white female came to urgent care clinic with her 6-year-old son for high fever. At the reception she states, "I only want to see a white doctor, last time I saw a brown doctor and he didn’t do anything for my son." the client is expressing:
Ethnocentrism.
Individualism.
Predisposing factor.
Assimilation.
Ethnocentrism
Rationale:
Ethnocentrism is a term applied to the cultural or ethnic bias—whether conscious or unconscious—in which an individual views the world from the perspective of his or her own group, establishing the in-group as archetypal and rating all other groups with reference to this ideal.
Reference:
Elizbeth Baylor (2016). Ethnocentrism. Oxford Bibliographies.
DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780199766567-0045
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Suzie is an experienced RN working on a day-surgery unit, preparing patients for the surgery. She received a petite Chinese woman who was going for appendectomy. During examination, Suzie told the patient, “don’t worry honey, it’s a minor surgery and you will be ok in a day or two.'' Which statement by the patient demonstrates Suzie needs to reflect on her own cultural competencies and therapeutic communication skills?
So, I can go back to work next week?
How would you like to be spoken to as if you were a child when you are seeking health care support?
I can continue with my home remedies in case I have pain when I go home?
I will come back to the hospital if my condition doesn’t improve?
How would you like to be spoken to as if you were a child when you are seeking health care support?
Rationale:
According to the College of Nurses of Ontario (2019), “Providing culturally sensitive care is an important component of patient centered-care. Nurses must strive to enhance their ability to provide patient-centered care by reflecting on how their and the patient’s culture, values, and beliefs impact the nurse-patient relationship.” In the above situation, Nurse must reflect on her approach to her patient and gain an understanding of cultural competency.
Reference:
The College of Nurses of Ontario (2019). Culturally Sensitive Care. Retrieved from http://www.cno.org/en/learn-about-standards-guidelines/educational-tools/ask-practice/culturally-sensitive-care/
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To embrace cultural diversity and make the work environment adopt “culture friendly” policy, the hospital should?
Invite a member of a relevant cultural group to attend a staff meeting and share observations about how cultural beliefs may impact health care.
Invite an expert to conduct an in-service training to educate staff about cultural competence.
Encourage staff to complete a mandatory online cultural competence training and share what they learned with each other during a staff meeting.
Hire staff that reflects the demographics of the patient population.
Encourage staff to complete a mandatory online cultural competence training and share what they learned with each other during a staff meeting.
Rationale:
Canadian Nurses Association (2010) believes that cultural competence is “a set of congruent behaviours, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals, and enable to work effectively in cross-cultural situations.”
In the above question, encouraging staff to complete a mandatory online cultural competence training and share what they learned with each other during a staff meeting would promote the enhancement of staff’s knowledge and would help embrace diversity.
Reference:
Canadian Nurses Association (2010). Promoting Cultural Competence in Nursing. Retrieved from https://www.cna-aiic.ca/-/media/cna/page-content/pdf-en/6---ps114_cultural_competence_2010_e.pdf
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Samantha, a new graduate RN working in complex continuing care unit, received 55-year-old aboriginal female who speaks broken English, diagnosis of asthma, Cardiomegaly, COPD and obesity. During initial interview, RN is trying to gather information about patient’s lifestyle, health beliefs, customs specifically in the context of her health care. Which is not the most appropriate question to ask?
"Is there anything I should know about your culture, beliefs, or religious practices that would help me take better care of you?"
"Do you have any dietary restrictions that we should consider as we develop a food plan to help you lose weight?"
“Your condition is very serious. How much do you want to know?”
"What do you call your illness and what do you think caused it?"
"Do any traditional healers advise you about your health?"
"Your condition is very serious. How much do you want to know?”
Rationale:
According to Smith (2018), Using transcultural nursing assessment and intervention techniques will improve nursing relationships, communication, and experiences.
In the above scenario, Patient has the right to know her condition, therefore this is not an option for patients to choose how much information should be disclosed.
Reference:
Linda Smith (2018). A nurse educator's guide to cultural competence. Nursing made Incredibly Easy: March/April 2018.16 (2).19–23. doi: 10.1097/01.NME.0000529955.66161.1e
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While understanding one's own heritage-based values, beliefs, attitudes, and practices, which of these are not part of culturally competent care?
Identify the meaning of "health" to patient.
Understand how health care system works.
Acquire knowledge about social backgrounds of patients.
Apply healing touch without understanding patients boundaries of his or her heritage.
Apply healing touch without understanding patients boundaries of his or her heritage.
Rationale:
According to Lisa Collette Anselme (2016), healing touch, a relaxing, nurturing, non-invasive energy therapy, assist in balancing physical, emotional, intellectual and spiritual well being. She stated, “grounded in nursing process, it is safe for all ages and works in harmony with standard medical care”.
In the above question, apply healing touch without understanding patients boundaries of his or her heritage is not part of culturally competent care. While healing touch is a part of therapeutic nursing but without patients consent this cannot be implemented.
Reference:
Lisa Collette Anselme (2016). Holistic Nursing and Healing Touch: A Pathway for Healing, Wholeness and Transformation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2016.02.031
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_________ _______ uses plants, seeds, roots, flowers or bark for medicinal purposes.
Herbal medicine
Chinese medicine
Alternative medicine
Modern medicine
Herbal medicine.
Rationale:
Herbal medicine, also known as botanical medicine or phytotherapy, involves the use of a plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes, and the way in which plant-based medicines are used varies greatly around the world. Herbal medicine can be considered as either a traditional or a complementary form of treatment, depending upon where and how it is used.
Reference:
Chatfield, K., Salehi, B., Sharifi-Rad, J., & Afshar, L. (2018). Applying an ethical framework to herbal medicine. Evidence - Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018, 7. doi:http://dx.doi.org.roxy.nipissingu.ca/10.1155/2018/1903629
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Mary an RN working with an Indian patient who is day 1 total hip arthroplasty. When she enters the room to do her assessment, she is greeted by the patient and her daughter. While doing her assessment, Mary notes an elevation in the patients blood pressure facial grimacing, and guarding of the hip and a pain score of 8/10. Mary offers an analgesic, and leaves to fetch the medication. When she returns, the window curtains are drawn, the patient is sitting up in bed breathing deeply, eye closed and listening to calm music from her daughters phone. What would be the right action for Mary at this time?
Mary quietly step out of the room and give the patient and her daughter a moment, returning later with the medication.
Mary enters the room, turns on the light give the medication explain to the daughter that the music is disruptive to other patients and ask her to turn it off.
Mary understands the Indian culture uses Ayurveda medicine, which integrates the use of yoga, meditation, naturopathic and homeopathy therapy as alternative therapies.
Mary rolls her eyes, walks out of the room, wastes the medications with her colleague and charts the medication as a refusal in the patient MAR and nursing documentation sheets.
Mary understands the Indian culture uses Ayurveda medicine, which integrates the use of yoga, meditation, naturopathic and homeopathy therapy as alternative therapies.
Rationale:
Ayush or Ayurveda is a type of complementary medicine which integrates the use of yoga, meditation, naturopathic and homeopathic therapy. Positive examples demonstrating and supporting the WHO strategy of integrating the best of both worlds from T&CM and conventional medicine are the integration of the AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH)) system in the conventional system in India [8], the increasing use of mindfulness techniques in the treatment of depressive disorders [9], and the use of traditional medicinal systems in reducing the prescription of antibiotics in Thailand as one of the strategies to fight the global antimicrobial resistance problem.
Reference:
Poreddi, V., Thiyagarajan, S., Swamy, P., Ramachandra, Gandhi, S., Thimmaiah, R., & BadaMath, S. (2016). Nursing students attitudes and understanding of complementary and alternative therapies: An indian perspective. Nursing Education Perspectives, 37(1), 32-37. doi:http://dx.doi.org.roxy.nipissingu.ca/10.5480/14-1319
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Michelle an RN is working on a palliative care unit and has been assigned to care for an Aboriginal patient diagnosed with stage four pancreatic cancer. The physician has prescribed Hydromorphone 5 mg TID for pain. In anticipation of pharmacological therapy and understanding the Aboriginal culture, what can the nurse expect?
Michelle needs to gain the trust of the patient before he is able to accept any treatment from her.
The patient will manage the pain on his own because showing emotional distress is a sign of weakness in the aboriginal culture.
The patient will resort to management of his pain with the using traditional ceremonies or use herbal medicine.
The patient will call a clergy to ask for religious counsel for prayer and treatment options.
The patient will resort to management of his pain with the using traditional ceremonies or use herbal medicine.
Rationale:
Many First Nations use traditional practices that at times cause painful experiences, including practices such as Sweat Lodge Ceremonies, Fasting, and Sundances. It is believed that when one person endures pain, another person’s pain is lessened or healed. Ceremonies such as these are seen as a sacrifice for those suffering from illness or hardships.
Reference:
Latimer, Margot,R.N., PhD., Young, S., B.Sc, Dell, C., B.A., & Finley, C. A. (2012). Aboriginal children and physical pain: What do we know? Journal of Aboriginal Health, 9(1), 7-14. Retrieved from http://moxy.eclibrary.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.roxy.nipissingu.ca/docview/1353085714?accountid=12792
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Winsome an RN is assigned to work with a Chinese patient whose primary diagnosis is cerebrovascular accident which resulted in right sided hemiparesis. While providing personal care, the nurse notices small red circular shaped marks on the patient's right arm, right trunk, scapula and right hip and leg area. Winsome the culturally competent RN who is familiar with traditional Chinese therapy knows that these markings are a result of?
An allergic reaction to new medication ordered the previous day.
The patient was taken out on a day pass with her daughter and returned with the marks and the hospital is not liable.
The nurse needs to notify the charge nurse and MD to have her assessed and fill out the necessary agency paperwork to file an incident report.
Chinese cupping a form of alternative therapy which is often practiced in the Chinese culture for pain relief.
Chinese cupping a form of alternative therapy which is often practiced in the Chinese culture for pain relief.
Rationale:
Cupping is a physical treatment used by acupuncturists or other therapists, which utilize a glass or bamboo cup to create suction on the skin over a painful area or acupuncture point . It is mostly used in Asian and Middle Eastern countries and has been claimed to reduce pain as well as a host of other symptoms.
Reference:
Kim, J., Lee, M. S., Dong-Hyo, L., Boddy, K., & Ernst, E. (2011). Cupping for treating pain: A systematic review. Evidence - Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011 doi:http://dx.doi.org.roxy.nipissingu.ca/10.1093/ecam/nep035
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Martha the RN is performing an assessment of an Aboriginal woman who had complications given birth. The patient tells the nurse that she needs to perform a smudging ceremony in order to heal the baby from supernatural forces. Since the baby has been admitted to the NICU for observation, what would be the most appropriate course of action for RN at this time?
Explain to the patient that the hospital cannot accommodate her wishes, but she can visit the baby and pray for her quietly in the NICU.
Ask the patient to rest and not to worry about the baby because she is in the NICU and she will be well taken care off.
Advocate on behalf of the patient and reach out to spiritual care to have a member of the team come to the unit to address the patient's concerns.
Advocate on behalf of the patient and baby, facilitate for a private room in the hospital that is properly ventilated, work in partnership with the patient and her family to have the ceremony performed.
Advocate on behalf of the patient and baby, facilitate for a private room in the hospital that is properly ventilated, work in partnership with the patient and her family to have the ceremony performed.
Rationale:
Smudging ceremonies are intended for purifying, cleansing, healing and reaching spirits, and are believed to bring balance and calm.
Reference:
Mullin, J., Lee, L., Hertwig, S., & Silverthorne, G. (2001). A native smudging ceremony: A young native patient in palliative care teaches his caregivers a lesson in spirituality and cultural diversity. The Canadian Nurse, 97(9), 20-22. Retrieved from http://moxy.eclibrary.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.roxy.nipissingu.ca/docview/232094059?accountid=12792
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Margaret the RN Margaret has recently taken a Cultural Sensitivity training program facilitated by her manager due to the increase of Muslim patients being admitted to the unit. Margaret has been assigned to care for a Muslim patient who has been admitted to her Medical Surgical Unit. Prior to her initial assessment of the patient Margaret understands that she must provide care that is accommodates the major values and beliefs of her patient. What type of nursing care is Margaret displaying?
Cultural competent care.
Culturally sensitive care.
Cultural congruent care.
Cultural diverse care.
Cultural congruent care.
Rationale:
Care that is culturally congruent refers to 'culturally- based care knowledge, acts, and decisions used in sensitive and knowledgeable ways to appropriately and meaningfully to the cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways of clients for their health and well-being, or to prevent illness, disabilities, or death.
Reference:
McFarland, M. M., & Eipperle, M. K. (2008). Culture care theory: A proposed practice theory guide for nurse practitioners in primary care settings. Contemporary Nurse : A Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession, 28(1), 48-63. Retrieved from http://moxy.eclibrary.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.roxy.nipissingu.ca/docview/203172654?accountid=12792
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Tim is an RN who works at a pain clinic in the community. Tim is assessing a patient who is new to the clinic and has been referred by her family physician for treatment of fibromyalgia pain. Tim asks the patient how she has been managing her pain since being diagnosed two years prior. The patients responds by saying “ I see my acupuncturist weekly, this is what has helped me with my pain symptoms”. Acupuncture is can be defined as what type of medical therapy?
Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Modern Medical Therapy.
Ancient Chinese Therapy.
None of the Above.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Rationale:
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) "is a group of diverse medical and healthcare systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine."
Reference:
Rojas-Cooley, M., & Grant, Marcia, RN,D.N.Sc, F.A.A.N. (2009). Complementary and alternative medicine: Oncology nurses' knowledge and attitudes. Oncology Nursing Forum, 36(2), 217-24. Retrieved from http://moxy.eclibrary.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.roxy.nipissingu.ca/docview/223112381?accountid=12792
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Jason an RN is working a night shift on a Complex Continuing Care unit. During his hourly rounds, Jason enters a semi-private room and notice the wife of one of the patients draped in a white sheet facing the corner and praying loudly. The patient in the bed beside her is bed bound is unable to advocate for himself. What would be the best action for Jason to take.
Tell the patient's wife that she cannot pray in the room and she needs to stop immediately.
Close the curtain to allow for privacy while the wife is praying, and leave the room quietly as to not disturb her prayers.
Do nothing and continue with rounds because Jason does not want to offend family cultural practices.
Advocate on behalf of the other patients in the room, speak with the nursing team and try to find an area on the unit where she can pray uninterrupted and in private, without disturbing other patients.
Advocate on behalf of the other patients in the room, speak with the nursing team and try to find an area on the unit where she can pray uninterrupted and in private, without disturbing other patients.
Rationale:
A patient’s cultural values, beliefs, and practices are an important part of holistic nursing care. Culturally adequate nursing care enables individuals to benefit from health services, and reduce inequalities in access to health services through the integration of the patient’s cultural beliefs into patient care (Douglas et al., 2011, 2014). Good nursing care requires providers of holistic care to establish good communication; to show affection, sympathy, and empathy; and to respect others’ views without stigmatizing or insulting them while providing health care
Reference:
Yilmaz, Medine,PhD., R.N., Toksoy, Serap,R.N., M.Sc, Direk, Z., Bezirgan, Selma,R.N., M.Sc, & Boylu, M. (2017). Cultural sensitivity among clinical nurses: A descriptive study. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 49(2), 153-161. doi:http://dx.doi.org.roxy.nipissingu.ca/10.1111/jnu.12276
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Maxine a newly graduated RN has been assigned to work with an 85 year old CCC patient who is unresponsive and bed bound. Maxine reviews the patient's chart and Kardex prior to the commencement of care. She learns the patients granddaughter is an active participant in her care and is at the bedside when she enters the room. Maxine notices a distinct aroma in the room, and notices a diffusers at the patient's bedside. Maxine is remembers learning about complementary therapies in school and understands this form of therapy is known as?
Body-Mind Centering.
Naturopathic Therapy.
Reiki Therapy.
Aromatherapy.
Aromatherapy
Rationale:
Aromatherapy is another complementary therapy used in the management of sensory input problems. It involves the use of herbal extracts and oils. A commonly used substance, lavender oil, has been claimed to have the lowest risk of toxicity and allergic effects among other herbal substances. Aromatherapy had physiological effects such as increasing attention, reducing anxiety, and soothing as well as physiological effects on parameters such as blood pressure and pulse and respiratory rates.
Reference:
Arslan, S., PhD., & Ozer, Nadiye,PhD., R.N. (2016). Touching, music therapy and aromatherapy's effect on the physiological situation of the patients in intensive care unit. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 9(3), 867-875. Retrieved from http://moxy.eclibrary.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.roxy.nipissingu.ca/docview/1860631822?accountid=12792
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Candice an RN is working on the maternity unit. She is caring for a 27 year old Nigerian patient who has come to the unit accompanied by her husband for a scheduled induction. Candice explains to the mother-to-be about medications she will be receiving to induce labour. The patient explains to Candice she has been taking her own natural pills that triggers her body own natural response to induce labour. Candice understands this type of therapy to be:
Herbal medicine.
Traditional African medicine.
Homeopathic therapy.
None of the above.
Homeopathic therapy.
Rationale:
An example of an herb, which is also a homeopathic remedy, is black and blue cohosh. In their herbal form they may cause hypotension for the pregnant mother, where as a homeopathic preparation they stimulate induction of labor without the complications associated with medication.
Reference:
Zimmerman, K. (2012). Basics of homeopathy: Treatment options in pregnancy. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 27(3), 21-25. Retrieved from http://moxy.eclibrary.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.roxy.nipissingu.ca/docview/1039291526?accountid=12792
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Jessica, an RN working on a medicine unit knows that she must assess the patient’s readiness prior to touching the patient. Which of the following is not recommended in assessing a patient’s readiness?
Perception of mind-body situation
Pathological problems that may require referral
Identifying what makes the patients condition worse
History of psychological disorders
Previous experience with body therapies
Identifying what makes the patients condition worse
Rationale:
Before a nurse touches a patient, the nurses must assess their readiness to be touched. According to Lindguist et al, (2018), recommend the following assessment of patients:
Perception of mind-body situation, pathological problems that may require referral, history of psychological disorders, cultural beliefs about touch and previous experience with body therapies (Lindguist, Fran & Synder, 2018).
Reference:
Lindquist, R., Fran Tracy, M., & Snyder, M. (2018). Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Nursing, Eight Edition. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.
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There are many conditions that acupuncture and acupressure has been proven to be effective in treating patient’s symptoms. Which one of the following conditions does acupuncture not help treat and improve patient’s symptoms?
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Traumatic brain injury.
Psychophysiological insomnia in adults.
Pelvic inflammatory bowel disease.
Dysmenorrhea.
Pelvic inflammatory bowel disease
Rationale:
Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting have significantly lowered after application of pressure at P6.
Traumatic brain injury patients that have received acupressure had significant improvements on measures of fatigue, cognition, short-term memory, and hand- eye coordination.
Psychophysiological insomnia in adolescents had a significant increase in measures of sleep duration and reduction of wake after sleep.
Acupuncture and acupressure has been used to treat the following: migraines, vertigo, postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting for patients who has gastric cancer, chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, anxiety in breast cancer patients, nausea and vomiting with patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia, low back pain, dysmenorrhea and labor pains, traumatic brain injury, psychophysiological insomnia in adolescents, allergic diseases, stress/fatigue and anxiety related disorders (Lindguist, Fran & Snyder, 2018).
Reference:
Lindquist, R., Fran Tracy, M., & Snyder, M. (2018). Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Nursing, Eight Edition. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.
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Sasha is new RN caring for a 54 year old male that is experiencing strong and painful headaches. Sasha remembers learning about reflexology in school. She knows that if she refers her patient to a reflexologist it might help diminish and/or alleviate her patient’s headaches. Reflexology uses sections of the feet as a guiding map of the body. Reflexology has been referred to as _________ ______________.
Medial therapy.
Zone therapy.
Marginal therapy.
Light therapy.
Zone therapy
Rationale:
Dr. William Fitzgerald found that pressure applied to some parts of the feet induced anesthesia in specific parts of one’s body. He determined that the entire body and all its organs were “Laid out” in a certain configuration on the soles of the feet (Lindguist, Fran & Snyder, 2018). He divided the body into 10 longitudinal zones, running from the top of the head to the toes and proposed that parts of the body within a certain zone were linked with one another hence the name “zone therapy” (Lindguist, Fran & Snyder, 2018).
Reference:
Lindquist, R., Fran Tracy, M., & Snyder, M. (2018). Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Nursing, Eight Edition. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.
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A nurse is working in a long-term care facility. The doctor has ordered some herbal medications to be given to his patient in the afternoon. The nurse must be informed about all of the following answers below except one. Please choose one that does not apply to this situation.
The treatment purpose of giving the medication.
The documentation history of the medication.
The action of the medication.
The anticipated side effects of the medication.
The documentation history of the medication
Rationale:
Nurses are professionally responsible to consider the patient’s health status and assess risks and benefits of providing a treatment. In order to competently provide the treatment, you need to be informed about the treatment’s purpose, action, and anticipated effects. Nurses are also accountable to obtain consent prior to performing the treatment and ensure the patient has appropriate information to make an informed choice. You should ask your patients if they understand what they are consenting to and if their questions about the proposed treatment have been answered. It is your responsibility to determine the patient’s understanding of the treatment, ensure that they have the necessary information to make an informed decision, and ensure that their questions about the proposed treatment are answered (College of Nurses Ontario, 2019).
Reference:
The College of Nurses of Ontario (2019). Complementary Therapies.http://www.cno.org/en/learn-about-standards-guidelines/educational-tools/ask-practice/complementary-therapies/
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Joe is suffering from Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). He experiences frequent episodes of depression and mood swings during the dark winter months and disappears spontaneously in the Spring/Summer months. It occurs with less frequency in summer and can occur repeatedly year after year. He is having feelings of low moods, loss of interest, poor motivation, low libido, anxiety, irritability and social withdrawal. Susie the RN caring for Joe understands that ____ ______ can be most effective for her patient.
Phototherapy.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
Ayurveda.
Light therapy.
Light therapy
Rationale:
Light therapy is daily exposure to full-spectrum or bright light as a standard treatment for SAD. Dr. A. J. Lewy and his colleagues at the National Institute of Mental Health conducted studies showing that high-intensity light affects melatonin release by the pineal gland in the brain. Specialized bright light (20x brighter than normal indoor light) was the most effective treatment for winter depression. Phototherapy is used to treat conditions such as hyperbilirubinemia and psoriasis, not seasonal affective disorders. Difference between phototherapy and light therapy is dependant on the type of UVB light bulb that is used (Lindguist, Fran & Snyder, 2018).
References:
Lindquist, R., Fran Tracy, M., & Snyder, M. (2018). Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Nursing, Eight Edition. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.
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The nurse understands that culture has four basic characteristics. Select the one that is not associated with culture characteristic:
Culture is learned.
Culture is shared.
Culture is having competency.
Culture is dynamic
Culture is able to adapt to specific conditions.
Culture is having competency.
Rationale:
Culture to contain four basic characteristics: Culture is learned, shared, dynamic, and able to adapt to specific conditions (Zoucha & Husted, 2000). Culture involves all those behavior patterns that are socially acquired and transmitted by means of such symbols as customs, techniques, beliefs, institutions and material objects (Zoucha & Husted, 2000).
Reference:
Zoucha, R., & Husted, G. (2000). The Ethical Dimensions of Delivering Culturally Congruent Nursing and Health Care. Issues In Mental Health Nursing, 21(3), 325-340. doi: 10.1080/016128400248121
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A 62 year Ghnanese male patient has entered into the emergency department of a busy downtown hospital. He is frequently shouting at the doctors and nurses in the department. He is shouting, “My enemy John has placed a voodoo curse on me and that is why I’m bleeding everywhere”. His clothes and hands are covered in blood. The nurse assesses the patient and provides teaching on the dangers of blood loss and anemia. The nurse also maintains consideration and shows acceptance of the patient’s health belief. The nurse is exhibiting which of the following?
Cultural desire.
Illness expression.
Assimilation.
Cultural competency.
Cultural diversity.
Cultural Competency
Rationale:
Superstitious beliefs, including belief in witchcraft and sorcery play a crucial role in most African societies, and Ghana is no exception. Among several ethnic groups in Ghana, diseases or illnesses are thought of simply as physical manifestations of what happened in the spiritual realm and most are believed to be orchestrated by witches (Tenkorang, Gyimah, Maticka-Tyndale & Adjei, 2011).
Reference:
Tenkorang EY, Gyimah SO, Maticka-Tyndale E, & Adjei J. (2011). Superstition, witchcraft and HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Ghana. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 13(9), 1001–1014. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.roxy.nipissingu.ca/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=104577478&site=ehost-live&scope=site
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Amy is an RN working on a busy Medicine Unit. She has just received tests results on her patient Martha. Martha has positive test results for urinary tract infection (UTI). Amy is aware that the patient will be prescribed antibiotics for her UTI but she also understands that her patient has strong belief in alternative medicine therapies. Which natural product can Amy offer to Martha to begin taking in treating her UTI?
Lemonade juice.
Apricot water.
Cranberry juice.
Mango infused water.
Cranberry juice.
Rationale:
UTI is one of the most commonly diagnosed types of bacterial infections and affects more women than men. Cranberry consumption has long been used and evaluated for the prevention of UTI and the reduction of UTI recurrence (Maki et al., 2017).
The most commonly mentioned Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) that were used by nurses for their patients were massage, cod liver oil and cranberry juice. CAM was mostly used for relaxation, joint pain and urinary tract infection (Buchan et al., 2012).
Reference:
Buchan, S., Shakeel, M., Trinidade, A., Buchan, D., & Ah-See, K. (2012). The use of complementary and alternative medicine by nurses. British Journal of Nursing, 21(11), 672–675. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.roxy.nipissingu.ca/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=104468065&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Maki, K., Nieman, K., Schild, A., Kaspar, K., & Khoo, C. (2017). The Effect of Cranberry Juice Consumption on the Recurrence of Urinary Tract Infection: Relationship to Baseline Risk Factors. Journal Of The American College Of Nutrition, 37(2), 121-126. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1370398
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Which is not an example of integrative healthcare?
A combination of allopathic or conventional care with complementary or alternative methods.
Collaboration of a variety of healing, preventative, or treatment modalities.
Combination of Chinese medicine with Western medicine.
Care that in some way extends beyond the allopathic approach.
Practices that considers the considers the whole person and acknowledges interdependence
Practices that considers the considers the whole person and acknowledges interdependence
Rationale:
Holistic providers consider the whole person within the context of environment and understand the mind, body and spirit.
Examples are that “integrative health care” can be (1) a combination of allopathic or conventional care with complementary and/or alternative modalities ; (2) a combination of a variety of healing, preventative, or treatment modalities; (3) a combination of Chinese medicine with Western medicine; and (4) care that in some way extends beyond the allopathic approach (Frish & Rabinowitsch, 2019).
Reference:
Frisch, N., & Rabinowitsch, D. (2019). What’s in a Definition? Holistic Nursing, Integrative Health Care, and Integrative Nursing: Report of an Integrated Literature Review. Journal Of Holistic Nursing, 37(3), 260-272. doi: 10.1177/0898010119860685
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Culturally competent healthcare providers strive to assess the four dimensions of each patient in order to support an understanding of their illness experience. Which are the four dimensions?
Biological, social, spiritual and psychological health.
Social, spiritual, psychological , and mental health.
Biological, mental, psychological and social health.
Mental, social, spiritual and biological.
Biological, social, spiritual and psychological health.
Rationale:
Culturally competent healthcare providers strive to assess broadly the bio/psycho/social/spiritual dimensions of each client to support an understanding of their illness experience.
Reference:
Srivastava, R. (2007). The healthcare professional's guide to clinical cultural competence. Toronto: Mosby Elsevier.
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Which of the below is an example of ethnocentricity?
A nurse who listens to patients concerns of a blood transfusion and reports it to the doctor and team.
A nurse that supports a patient’s beliefs despise her/his own beliefs.
A nurse that advises a patient of a ceremony that she/ he has done that has worked for the same condition.
A nurse who upon requested holds a patient’s hand to pray even though the nurse does not believe in praying.
A nurse that advises a patient of a ceremony that she/ he has done that has worked for the same condition.
Rationale:
Ethnocentricity is believing and reflecting that your own culture is superior to others. Answer C does not take into consideration the culture of the patient and rather inflicts one’s own belief. The other answers imply a nurse taking a patient’s culture into consideration and including it into care.
Reference:
Glover, J., & Friedman, H. L. (2015). Fundamentals of consulting psychology book series. Transcultural competence: Navigating cultural differences in the global community. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14596-000
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A nurse begins her morning shift, she enters the patient’s room who is from Chinese descent. The nurse decides she would like to get the patient washed and ready for breakfast. When the nurse explains what she will be doing the patient replies no his daughter will be coming in the afternoon and will help him get washed. The nurse knows it is her responsibility to have patients ready for breakfast which response from the nurse is one that reflects being culturally sensitive?
The nurse should explain in a kind manner that it is her responsibility to care for him and he should listen to her.
The nurse should try to distract the patient as he might be confused and try to get him ready in 15 mins.
The nurse should contact the daughter and complain that her father is not listening.
The nurse should respect his wishes and have him have breakfast while he waits for his daughter to come assist in getting him washed.
The nurse should respect his wishes and have him have breakfast while he waits for his daughter to come assist in getting him washed.
Rationale:
It is not uncommon in the Chinese culture to allow family members to assume the role of caregiver. It is found the children of Asian culture have to take care of the parents and elders. The patient in this scenario would prefer to have his daughter care for him out of a cultural choice. By allowing him to eat while he waits for his daughter is providing culturally sensitive care to the patient. The nurse may assist in the presence of the daughter.
Reference:
Blixen, E., Xian Wen, J. & Slomka, J. (2002). Cultural and clinical issues in the care of Asian patients. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 69. 50, 53-4, 56. 10.3949/ccjm.69.1.50.
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A nurse is attempting to collect blood for a CBC to determine if a patient is bleeding as he was admitted with a GI bleed. The patient is of Asian descent and explains he feels finds and does not need blood to be drawn. What should be the nurse’s response?
Let the patient know if he is not going to provide blood work then he can sign an against medical advice and be discharged.
The patient knows themselves best and if he is feeling well, he must not be bleeding no need for blood work.
Advise the patient why blood work is needed and if patient does not allow, advise the doctor for alternative ways of treatment such as monitoring for tarry stools.
Draw the blood against patients wishes because it is life dependent.
Advise the patient why blood work is needed and if patient does not allow, advise the doctor for alternative ways of treatment such as monitoring for tarry stools.
Rationale:
In traditional Chinese culture, if a person feels well, there is no need to see a doctor. Also, since blood is considered a non-renewable vital energy for the body, patients may not seek preventive care and may resist having blood tests to check such things as cholesterol and glucose levels.
Reference:
Blixen, E., Xian Wen, J. & Slomka, J. (2002). Cultural and clinical issues in the care of Asian patients. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 69. 50, 53-4, 56. 10.3949/ccjm.69.1.50.
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The male nurse on the unit is assigned to an Indian decent woman. He enters the room, introduces himself and advises he will begin morning care. The patient states she does not wish to have a male nurse to provide personal care. The unit is short staffed what should the nurse do?
Advise the patient we are short staffed if she does not wish to have a male do care she can have family do it.
Let the charge nurse know of the situation and If a change is not possible, make arrangements for a female nurse to provide personal care to the patient while the male nurse can provide medications and monitoring.
Advise the patient you are a competent nurse and you have lots of experience working with female nurses.
Refuse the assignment and advocate for the patient to be transferred to a unit with only females.
Let the charge nurse know of the situation and If a change is not possible, make arrangements for a female nurse to provide personal care to the patient while the male nurse can provide medications and monitoring.
Rationale:
South Asian females as of sign of respect look at males as superior. A married woman would only have her husband see her in a personal view. As for a young woman it would be unacceptable to have a male provide personal care.
Reference:
Nursing Centre. (2005) Understanding Transcultural Nursing. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/nursing/Fulltext/2005/01001/UNDERSTANDING_TRANSCULTURAL_NURSING.2.aspx#pdf-link.
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For a Hispanic patient, downcast eyes may be an expression of which of the following?
Avoidance or denial of illness or impending loss.
A lack of comprehension regarding some aspect of the conversation.
Disagreement with what you’re saying.
Deference to age, sex, or position of authority.
Deference to age, sex, or position of authority.
Rationale:
An American Indian patient may stare at the floor during conversations. That’s a cultural behavior conveying respect, and it shows that he’s paying close attention to you. Likewise, a Hispanic patient may maintain downcast eyes in deference to someone’s age, sex, social position, economic status, or position of authority. Being aware that whether a person makes eye contact may reflect his cultural background can help you avoid misunderstandings and make him feel more comfortable with you.
Reference:
Nursing Centre. (2005) Understanding Transcultural Nursing. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/nursing/Fulltext/2005/01001/UNDERSTANDING_TRANSCULTURAL_NURSING.2.aspx#pdf-link.
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If a Hispanic patient regularly arrives late for appointments, you might:
Interpret this as a lack of respect for your time.
Try to accommodate cultural differences by being flexible with schedules.
Educate the individual about the importance of maintaining schedules.
Simply ask the patient to reschedule the appointment for another day.
Try to accommodate cultural differences by being flexible with schedules.
Rationale:
For patients from some other cultures, however, time is a relative phenomenon, and they may pay little attention to the exact hour or minute. Some Hispanic people, for example, consider time in a wider frame of reference and make the primary distinction between day and night but not hours of the day. Time may also be marked according to traditional times for meals, sleep, and other routine activities or events.
Reference:
Nursing Centre. (2005) Understanding Transcultural Nursing. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/nursing/Fulltext/2005/01001/UNDERSTANDING_TRANSCULTURAL_NURSING.2.aspx#pdf-link.
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Close physical proximity between nurse and patient is most likely to be viewed negatively by an individual from which of the following?
Mexico
Canada
Japan
The Middle East
Canada
Rationale:
Research reveals that people from the United States, Canada, and Great Britain require the most personal space between themselves and others. Those from Latin America, Japan, and the Middle East need the least amount of space and feel comfortable standing close to others. Keep these general trends in mind if a patient tends to position himself unusually close or far from you and be sensitive to his preference when giving nursing care.
Reference:
Nursing Centre. (2005) Understanding Transcultural Nursing. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/nursing/Fulltext/2005/01001/UNDERSTANDING_TRANSCULTURAL_NURSING.2.aspx#pdf-link.
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A Hindu patient has been admitted from the E.R she has not eaten all day and complains of hunger. Which of the following food choices would be most suitable?
Egg salad sandwich.
Ham and cheese sandwich.
Beef broth and Jello.
Cheese sandwich.
Cheese Sandwich
Rationale:
Hindus tend to have dietary restrictions such as no pork or beef as well as vegetarian.
Reference: Nursing Centre. (2005) Understanding Transcultural Nursing. Retrieved from:https://journals.lww.com/nursing/Fulltext/2005/01001/UNDERSTANDING_TRANSCULTURAL_NURSING.2.aspx#pdf-link.
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Culturally competent care includes which of the following?
Attitudes, knowledge and skill.
Knowledge, skill and judgement.
Knowledge, judgement and culture.
Attitude, respect and skill.
Attitudes, knowledge and skill.
Rationale:
Culturally competent care includes knowledge, attitudes, and skills that support caring for people across different languages and cultures. Knowledge: Acquire a knowledge base of cultures in your service area, especially in relation to healthcare practices and beliefs. Attitude: Avoid making stereotypical assumptions about your patients' culture; become aware of your own biases and prejudices. Skills: Learn new communication skills to simplify language for any patient, regardless of primary language.
Reference:
Murphy, K. (2011). The importance of cultural competence: Nursing made Incredibly Easy. Retrieved from: https://journals.lww.com/nursingmadeincrediblyeasy/Fulltext/2011/03000/The_importance_of_cultural_competence.1.aspx.
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True or false: Chinese American infants are more prone to jaundice.
True
False
True
Rationale:
East Asians have higher bilirubin levels at birth than whites. Previous reports from the United States indicate that 31% of East Asian infants meet the standard criteria for no physiologic hyperbilirubinemia and have an approximately 3-fold increased risk of jaundice.
Reference:
Setia, S. (2002). Neonatal Jaundice in Asian, White, and Mixed-Race Infants. Retrieved from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/191624.
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A nurse is caring for a Navajo client. The nurse comes in to the room and finds cornmeal sprinkled around the bedside. What should the nurse do?
Insist it be removed as causes a hazard
Realize that sprinkling cornmeal around the bedside is a curative ritualistic ceremony for the Navajo people.
Clean up the cornmeal.
Ask the patient to have it placed in a jar.
Realize that sprinkling cornmeal around the bedside is a curative ritualistic ceremony for the Navajo people.
Rationale:
Sprinkling cornmeal around the bedside is a curative ritualistic ceremony for the Navajo people.
Reference:
Capelin,E (2009). Source of the Sacred: Navajo Corn Pollen. Retrieved from: https://www.coloradocollege.edu/dotAsset/44c82cd0-cbb2-4297-9b40-15bd46552c2a.pdf
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A Navajo mother who has just delivered her baby has requested to keep the umbilical cord. What would be the reasoning behind the request?
Navajo people are known to bury umbilical cords near an object or place that symbolizes what the parents want for the child's future.
Umbilical cords are kept as a keepsake.
The umbilical cord is used to make medicine.
Navajo people have to dispose of this themselves as it is seen as a life.
Navajo people are known to bury umbilical cords near an object or place that symbolizes what the parents want for the child's future.
Rationale:
Burring the placenta,-a life organ-in the ground, is done so it can become one with Mother Earth. Mother Earth is our life force. Care is taken with the placenta because connection remains between the child and it.
Reference:
Gonzales, N. (2019). Placenta & Umbilical Cord Ceremonies: Ancestral Knowledge in a Contemporary World. Retrieved from https://www.indigenousgoddessgang.com/home-1/2018/12/9/placenta-amp-umbilical-cord-ceremonies-ancestral-knowledge-in-a-contemporary-world.
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Amanda is a nurse that has always provided culturally congruent nursing care. She understands that providing this type of care to her patients does all of the following except one:
Increases a patients sense of well being.
Reduces suffering.
Decreases morbidity and mortality rates.
Increases patients cultural knowledge.
Decreases morbidity and mortality rates.
Rationale:
According to Lackner (2009), providing culturally congruent nursing care could increase a sense of well-being, reduce suffering, and decrease morbidity and mortality rates reported among Native Americans---and perhaps other non-European cultures within the United States---thus decreasing disparities in healthcare outcomes among minority populations.
Reference:
Lackner, L. M. (2009). Culturally congruent nursing care: A phenomenological study of native american women with breast cancer (Order No. 3355019). Available from Nursing & Allied Health Database. (305079948). Retrieved from http://moxy.eclibrary.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.roxy.nipissingu.ca/docview/305079948?accountid=12792
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Nurses shall engage in _______ _____________ of their own values, beliefs, and cultural heritage in order to have awareness of how these qualities and issues can impact culturally congruent nursing care.
Social justice.
Cultural practice.
Critical reflection.
Cultural leadership.
Critical reflection.
Rationale:
According to Beth Ulrich (2009), nurses shall engage in critical reflection of their own values, beliefs, and cultural heritage in order to have an awareness of how these qualities and issues can impact culturally congruent nursing care.
Reference:
Providing culturally competent nursing care. (2009). Nephrology Nursing Journal, 36(4), 367. Retrieved from http://moxy.eclibrary.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.roxy.nipissingu.ca/docview/216539555?accountid=12792
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The term _______ _____ as described in Shashi Tharoore TED talk video describe a country’s ability to persuade others to do what it wants without coercion is known as what?
Soft power.
Hard power.
Cultural assimilation.
World view.
Soft Power.
Rationale:
‘soft power’ principles, using the persuasiveness of ideas, relationships and inducements to encourage people to ‘want what you want
Reference:
Kits, O., Angus, C., MacLeod, A., & Tummons, J. (2019). Progressive research collaborations and the limits of soft power. Perspectives on Medical Education, 8(1), 28-32. doi:http://dx.doi.org.roxy.nipissingu.ca/10.1007/s40037-019-0496-3
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Lana is an RN working with a Muslim family who’s father is in her care, has been deemed palliative and is actively dying. The wife of the patient has declined any pain medications to ease her husbands pain because of their faith. Lana does not agree with the families decision because she believes palliation should reduce a person's pain and suffering, provide comfort measures in order to improve the patients quality of life. Lana has a strong working knowledge of the Muslim faith and will do the following:
Provide the patient with medication when the family is out of the room, she is here to serve the patient and not the family.
Set up a family meeting with the social work, nursing team and physician to advocate on behalf of the patient because this type of care is inhumane.
Explain to the family what palliation entails, provide them with paper work so that they are able to make an informed decision about end-of-life care.
Understand that pain and suffering is seen as a positive thing in the Muslim faith, leave all personal biases aside, respect the wishes of the family and let the patient die with dignity.
Understand that pain and suffering is seen as a positive thing in the Muslim faith, leave all personal biases aside, respect the wishes of the family and let the patient die with dignity.
Rationale:
In Islamic belief, suffering plays an important role in life. For the Muslim, sickness and suffering are a part of life: a matter of coincidence, an attack of the evil eye, or a spiritual test from the creator. Emotional and physical suffering caused by illness is regarded as a test of faith in God, expunging the sins of the Muslim.
Reference:
Schultz, M., Baddarni, K., & Bar-Sela, G. (2012). Reflections on palliative care from the jewish and islamic tradition. Evidence - Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012 doi:http://dx.doi.org.roxy.nipissingu.ca/10.1155/2012/693092
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