WorksheetsBIO 1802 Exam 3
Total questions: 46
Worksheet time: 23mins
How is fungal nutritional mode unique?
The have chloroplast with chitin
The cell wall is composed of chitin
They are phagocytosis: taking nutrition whole
They absorb their nutrition
The mushroom is an example of the adult vegetative form of a fungus. The underground hyphae acts as "rhizoids or roots" to anchor the adult fungus into the soil
True
False
Human fungal pathogens are more difficult to treat than bacterial pathogens. Why?
Fungi are more similar to plants; therefore difficult to exterminate with removing all infected tissue
Fungi are more similar to animals; so medication also impacts the host
Fungal disease are very infectious
Pathogenic fungi are more abundant than pathogenic bacteria; so occurrence is more frequent
Plants grow in sterile soils often how much lower productivity than plants grown in normal soils (non-sterile) Which statement explains this?
sterile soils have less parasitic microbes present
non sterile soils have less parasitic microbes present
plants grown in sterile soils would have less opportunity to form mycorrhizal associations
plants grown in non sterile soils would have less opportunity to form mycorrhizal associations
An endophyte describes
a symbiotic relationship
a fungus living in leaves and stems of a plant
fungus living in plant root cells
a fungus living around the outside between the plant root cells
when you cut open a lichen what is the white filamentous part?
mycobiont
photobiont
plant cells
algae or cyanobacteria
In the fungal life cycle fertilization is a two-step process; identify the processes
meiosis: sexual spore production
karyogamy: nuclei fuse forming zygote
plasmogamy: fusing cells forming heterokaryon
karyogamy and plasmogamy
Truffles, an underground or hypogeous ascomycota, release very strong odor. Why?
to prevent herbivory
to protect the spores from damage
to attract dispersal agents (mammals)
to encourage pollination
What derived trait (synapomorphy) distinguishes this animal as a monophyletic group, distinct from choanoflagellates
eukaryotic cell
multicellularity
colonial growth
heterotrophy
movement
Where is the multicellularity trait located
A
B
C
D
E
Which animal group is diploblastic?
Porifera (sponges)
cnidarians (jelly fish)
bilateria (crab)
Porifera and cnidarians
What terms best describes humans
diploblastic: non bilateria animal
diploblastic: bilateria animal
triploblastic: non bilateria animal
triploblastic: bilateria animal
The flow of water and nutrients in Poriferans is best described as
from the base of the sponge to the osculum (top)
from the top of the sponge to the bottom
from the pores (Ostia), to the spongocoel out the osculum
from the spongocoel through the pores
Which of the following taxonomic groups made the water to land transition
deuterostomes
protostomes
deuterostomes and protostomes
plants and protostomes
Which synapomorphy is not correctly matched
cnidaria: cnidocyte
ctenophora: coloblast
porifera: diploblasty
all are matched correctly
The term flatworms is applied to Platyhelminthes because
they lack a head region
they all lack sexual reproduction
they have a gastrocavity
they lack a fluid filled cavity-- they are acoelomates
While scuba diving one day, you observe an animal with a broad, muscular foot digging in the ocean floor, using a siphon to filter water. The animal's mantle produces two shells hinged by a muscle. What have you found
a cephalopod
a gastropod
a fluke
a bivalve
a segmented worm
which of these choices would support your hypothesis that an animal you discovered is an ecdysozoan and not a lophotrochozoan
it grows by molting
in embryonic development it has spiral cleavage
it is worm like
it is segmented
The worm illustrated here has a cuticle, is a unsegmented and a pseudocoelom. Based on that character, what clade does this animal belong to?
Annelida
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Tardigrada
A biologist discovers a new species of arthropod. Which of these characteristic would inspire her to determine that it was a crustacean and not an insect
four pairs of mouthparts
segmentation
wings
abdomen
two pairs of antennae
The adaptive advantage to the filamentous growth form seen in multicellular fungi includes
Faster colonization of food source
increased surface area
the capacity to grow into and next to it's food source
More of the fungal body can undergo photosynthesis
Describe the structure labeled (C). Select all the answers that apply
Aseptate hypha
Vegetative filament as found in the more ancestral fungi
Vegetative filament as found in a more derived fungus
Septate hypha
What feature(s) do plants and fungi have in common:
They both reproduce by the production of spores
They are both sessile (rooted are nonmotile)
They are both photosynthetic
They both have cell walls of cellulose
Which feature(s) make Fungi unique from Plants and Animals?
External absorptive nutrition
Haploid dominant life cycle with zygotic meiosis
Spindle is formed in the nucleus during cell division
Retention of nuclear envelope during cellular division
Prior to the use of molecular techniques in understanding the Fungal Kingdom; Fungi were considered closely related to
plants
animals
bacteria
amoebozoans
Identify the synapomorph(s) that defines the three phyla: Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota (node B):
symbiosis with plants (specifically plant roots)
mycorrhizae
reproductive fruiting bodies
spore production
Identify the synapomorph(s) that defines the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota (node C):
Reproductive fruiting bodies
EMF (ectomycorrhizae) type of plant symbiosis
Septate hyphae
Endomycorrhzae or AMF (Arbuscular mycorrhizae) type of plant symbiosis
Ctenophore what is the unique cell type (synapomorph)
Cnidocyte
Choanocyte
Coloblast
Polyp
Which non-bilaterian is benthic (on the bottom)?
Porifera
Polyp form of a Cnidaria
Medusa form of a Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Which non-bilaterian is planktonic?
Ctenophora
Medusa form of a Cnidaria
Polyp form of a Cnidaria
Porifera
Segmentation occurs in the which animal phyla?
Arthropoda (invertebrates insects, crustaceans, and arachnids)
Annelida (segmented worms)
Chordata (Vertebrates)
Porifera (sponges)
Nematodes are unusual among worms of other major phyla by:
having longitudinal muscles but no circular muscles
having stylets to pierce food
by shedding or undergoing ecdysis
by having a tough cuticle made largely of collagen
by being a pseudocoleomate
Identify the body region or part of the Mollusca body that functions in movement.
foot
mantle
radula
visceral mass
Identify the body plan and the animal phyla that exhibit this
Molluscan body plan
Mollusca
Worm body plan
Platyhelminthes
What group of animals have an outer cover that must be shed for growth to occur?
Arthropoda
Nematoda
All Protostomes
Deuterstomes
The defining characteristics of the phylum Arthropoda are:
chitin in the exoskeleton
jointed appendages
segmented body plan with fused units called tagmata
worm-like body plan
A distinctive type of larva shared by several phyla of invertebrates and considered to be important in phylogeny and in defining the Lophotrochozoa is the:
trochophore
large nonmotile egg
tadpole
blastophore
What are the structures labeled F of the arthropod basic body plan?
Jointed limbs
Segments
Thorax
Head
Identify the parasitic worm that causes schistosomiasis (id the phylum, class, and generic names)
Class Trematoda "flukes"
Platyhelminthes
Schistoma
Annelida
What statements about this Caenorhabditis elegans (often just called C. elegans) are correct?
As a model organism, C. elegans is used in developmental biology
This worm-like animal molts or sheds its cuticle
C. elegans is a pseudocoelomate
C. elegans has a endoparasite; infecting up to 40 million people in the US alone
The placement of the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) in the phylogenetic tree differs between a morphologically based phylogeny and a molecular based phylogeny. Which of the following statements best describes the interpretation based on molecular phylogeny?
Modern Platyhelminthes do not have a coelom but did originate from an ancestor that had one.
The Platyhelminthes clade separated from other clades before coeloms evolved and consequently Platyhelminthes have never had a coelom.
Platyhelminthes evolved from an ancestor without a coelom but developed one during the course of their evolution.
Platyhelminthes originated from ancestors with a coelom and have retained it to the present time.
The nematode Wuchereria is an important to human pathogen. What statements accurately describe it.
It is transmitted by mosquitoes
It causes elephantiasis, a disease of the lymph glands that causes the legs of humans to swell
It causes an infection that produces severe anal itching, and humans can get if when the organism penetrates the soles of the foot.
It is an intestinal parasite in human digestive tracts.
Select the nematodes that are causal agents of intestinal infections in humans.
Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis)
Hookworms ( Necator americanus)
Caenorhabditis elegans
Elephantiasis (Wuchereria bancrofti ) Thi
What is the advantage of a segmented body plan?
High surface-area-to-volume ratio
Increased efficiency of gas exchange
Increased range of motion
Rapid movement
Which Lophotrochozoan causes a human disease second to malaria in impact (infecting over 200 million people worldwide)
Schistosoma "blood fluke"
Hirudinea "leeches"
Oligocheata "earthworms"
Tubellaria "flatworms"
What marked region indicates the pedipalps ?
A
B
C
D
E
