WorksheetsTopic 4.1 - Cell Communication
Total questions: 38
Worksheet time: 21mins
To respond to a signal, a cell must have a(n) _______ molecule that can detect the signal.
paracrine
receptor
autocrine
responder
Chemical signals reaching a cell deep inside a multicellular organism may come from
the brain.
the lymphatic system.
glands.
other cell types.
A molecule that binds to the particular three-dimensional structure of a receptor site is known as a(n)
regulator
ligand
receptor
ion channel
A signal made by an animal cell that affects that same cell is a(n) _______ and a signal that is made by an animal cell and that diffuses to and affects a nearby cell is a(n) _______.
paracrine signal; autocrine signal
hormone; autocrine signal
autocrine signal; paracrine signal
paracrine signal; hormone
Paracrine signals
act on the cells that made them.
move through the blood and act on cells far from their source.
act on cells that are near to those that secrete them.
do not act through receptors.
I. Response
II. Amplification
III. Reception
IV. Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
Which type of membrane protein would help intake a message from outside of the cell to inside of the cell?
Receptor Protein
Enzymatic Protein
Channel Protein
Junction Protein
ATP Synthase
Ligands are signaling molecules that bind to receptors. Which of the following statements is true of ligands?
All ligands are proteins.
Each ligand is only able to bind to one specific receptor
Ligands can bind to cell-surface receptors, but they cannot enter the cell
Ligands bond to receptor proteins and cause the protein to relay a message to intracellular proteins.
Identify
G protein-coupled receptor
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Ligand-gated ion channel
Intracellular receptor
Identify
G protein-coupled receptor
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Ligand-gated ion channel
Intracellular receptor
How do bacteria sense local population density?
quorum sensing
bacteria sensing
signal sensing
population sensing
Local signaling in animals is called what?
paracrine
endocrine
hormone
gap junctions
Long distance signaling in animals is called what?
paracrine
endocrine
hormone
gap junctions
Long distance signaling molecules are known as what?
paracrine
endocrine
hormones
gap junctions
Molecules that bind to membrane receptors are called what?
signals
ligands
glycoproteins
second messengers
Which is not a membrane receptor?
G protein-coupled receptor
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Ligand-gated ion channel
Intracellular receptor
What turns on proteins by adding a phosphate?
kinase
phosphatase
phosphorylase
ATPase
What turns off proteins by removing a phosphate?
kinase
phosphatase
phosphorylase
ATPase
Cell-to-cell junctions shown in the figure, which allow for instantaneous communication, can be found between which kind of cells?
heart muscle cells
red blood cells
bone cells
cartilage
What cell signaling compound is shown in the figure to provide short-distance communication, affecting nearby cells in the same tissue or area?
autocrine
paracrine
apoptosis
hormone
All types of cell communication have the same effectiveness (Ex: speed/distance).
True
False
Which of the following is a short distance short-term instantaneous form of cell-to-cell communication:
Circulating hormones
Local hormones
Gap junctions
Apoptosis
Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotes. When large numbers of bacteria populate a certain area, they secrete chemicals that signal cooperative behavior. For example, a biofilm is a group of cooperatively working bacteria, where different bacteria in different locations perform different functions. This is an example of cell signalling can best be described as:
quorum sensing.
altruistic behavior.
competitive exclusion.
steroid hormone signaling pathways.
Which type of signaling mechanism is most likely used for communication between two neighboring cells?
Steroid hormones.
Molecules released in the extracellular space.
Endocrine signaling.
Molecules released in the blood stream.
Pheromones are air-born chemicals that are sensed through olfaction. In deer, females release a sexually attractive pheromone during mating season that is sensed by male deer.
Which of the following explains why only certain cells in the male deer receive pheromone signals, while the pheromones are exposed to all cells in the male deer?
All cells contain the intracellular and extracellular receptors necessary to stimulate a signal transduction pathway.
Only certain cells in the male (particularly cells involved in sex response) have receptors that bind to the female deer pheromone.
Temporal isolation causes the receptors to only be active during mating season to maximize cell energy efficiency.
Cell reception is different than organ processing of chemical signals.
Which of the following cell signaling types best describes the interaction between the T-cell and the antigen-presenting cell?
Indirect Contact
Direct Contact
Local Signaling
Long-Distance Signaling
Which of the following statements provides the best example of a local signaling event?
A T-cell bonds with the antigen on a B-cell in order to signal the immune system.
A plant cell sends signaling molecules through a gap junction to the adjoining cell.
A bacterial cell sends signaling molecules to bacteria in the nearby vicinity in order to maintain the population size.
A pancreas cell releases insulin that travels through the blood stream to cells in other parts of the body.
The diagrams illustrate the main differences in signaling pathways between steroid and protein hormones. This indicates that the cell signaling pathway of steroid hormones differs from the pathway of protein hormones in that steroids:
initiate a transduction pathway by binding to a receptor in the nucleus and activating transcription. Protein hormones bind to receptors in the cytoplasm in order to begin transduction, which results in transcription.
bind to a cell membrane receptor, which initiates transduction and ends with the activation of transcription factors in the nucleus. Protein hormones also bind to membrane receptors but do not initiate transduction.
pass freely through the cell membrane and bind to a receptor on the nuclear membrane, which results in the transcription of a gene. Protein hormones bind to membrane receptors and initiate a transduction pathway, which results in a series of enzyme activations, ending in a response in the nucleus.
pass freely through the cell membrane and travel into the nucleus, which results in enzyme activation and transcription. Protein hormones bind to membrane receptors and initiate a transduction pathway, which results in a series of enzyme activations, ending in a response in the nucleus.
The presence of ethylene gas causes fruits to ripen. As the fruit ripens, it produces increasing amounts of ethylene. An investigator placed fruit samples in sealed containers as shown in the table and left them for three days. At the end of the time period, the investigator used iodine to test for the presence of starch. Which of the following lists these in order from highest to lowest starch content?
Group 1, Group 2, Group 3
Group 3, Group 2, Group 1
Group 1, Group 3, Group 2
Group 3, Group 1, Group 2
Groups of bacteria can cooperate via cellular signaling mechanism called quorum sensing, where they form a biofilm. Biofilms may adhere to living and non-living surfaces and be productive or destructive. This suggests that biofilms affect:
biotic (living) factors
abiotic (nonliving) factors
biotic and abiotic factors
the environment
