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Unit 4 Test Review

Total questions: 46

Worksheet time: 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What do you call it when two neurons communicate through neurotransmitters?
a)
Hormones
b)
Synapse
c)
Cholesterol
d)
Monty
2.
What is an organic compound that is made by glands in the body (pituitary, thyroid, etc) that is used in long distance communication between cells?
a)
Hormones
b)
Neurotransmitters
c)
Synapse
d)
Carbohydrates
3.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
4.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
5.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
6.
Hormones are used in ____ signaling.
a)
endocrine
b)
juxtacrine
c)
autocrine
d)
paracrine
7.
The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are
a)
reception, transduction, response
b)
response, transduction, reception
c)
reception, response, transduction
d)
transduction, reception, response
8.
Protein kinases activate other relay proteins by adding a(n) ____ to them.
a)
phosphate
b)
ATP molecule
c)
cAMP
d)
GTP
9.

Which type of membrane protein would help intake a message from outside of the cell to inside of the cell?

a)

Receptor Protein

b)

Enzymatic Protein

c)

Channel Protein

d)

Junction Protein

e)

ATP Synthase

10.
What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?
a)
G-protein receptor
b)
tyrosine kinase receptor
c)
gated ion channel
11.
cAMP and calcium are examples of 
a)
secondary messengers
b)
hormones
c)
ligands
d)
enzymes
12.
Adenylyl cyclase is used in a G-protein pathway to 
a)
cause ATP to form cAMP
b)
add a phosphate to a kinase
c)
remove a phosphate from a kinase
d)
attract a ligand
13.
Consider this pathway: epinephrine --> receptor --> cAMP --> protein kinase --> transcription factors. 

Identify the secondary messenger.
a)
epinephrine
b)
G protein-coupled receptor
c)
adenylyl cyclase
d)
cAMP
14.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
15.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
16.
Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The model for the action of Epinephrine is shown below.
Which of the following molecules act as a second messenger in the cascade by which epinephrine stimulates the activation of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase?
a)
Adenosine
b)
Adenylyl cyclase
c)
Citric acid
d)
Cyclic AMP
17.
Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The model for the action of Epinephrine is shown below.
All of the following are enzymes involved in the signal transduction pathway shown EXCEPT
a)
adenyl cyclase
b)
protein kinase A
c)
phosphorylase kinase
d)
epinephrine
18.
What activates adenylyl cyclase?
a)
epinephrine binding to it
b)
an activated G protein
c)
cAMP
d)
a protein kinase
19.
What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?
a)
 tyrosine kinase receptor
b)
G-protein receptor
c)
gated ion channel
20.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
21.

The binding of a ligand to a receptor is involved in what stage of cell communication?

a)

response

b)

transduction

c)

inhibition

d)

reception

22.

A series of chemical reactions that relay chemical message inside the cell; may amplify the signal

a)

reception

b)

transduction

c)

response

d)

activation

23.

the change in cell activity that results from the binding of the ligand to the receptor

a)

reception

b)

transduction

c)

integration

d)

response

24.

p53 is a/n

a)

oncogene

b)

tumor suppressor gene

c)

dna repair gene

d)

none of these

25.

Which produces a protein that promotes apotosis in cells that have acquired mutations

a)

p21

b)

p53

c)

p51

d)

p19

26.
What is cancer?
a)
The heart does not receive enough blood.
b)
Sudden disruption of blood flow to part of the brain.
c)
Blood filled weak spot.
d)
Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
27.
The longest phase of the cell cycle 
a)
prophase
b)
interphase
c)
metaphase
d)
mitosis
28.
The process by which the nuclear material is divided equally between two new cells
a)
mitosis
b)
cancer
c)
spindle
d)
centromere
29.

Mature human muscle cells and nerve cells

a)

remain undifferentiated unless an injury occurs

b)

become cancerous more easily

c)

continue to divide throughout their life

d)

are permanently in a state of non-division

30.

Which is not a phase of the cell cycle?

a)

Interphase

b)

Mitosis

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

Duplication

31.

Select all stages of interphase?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

Mitosis

32.

In which stage of the cell cycle does the cell grow in size?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

Mitosis

33.

In which stage of the cell cycle does the cell duplicate its DNA?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

Mitosis

34.

In which stage of the cell cycle does the cell split into two?

a)

Mitosis

b)

G1

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

S

35.

Apoptosis is

a)

programmed cell death

b)

mysterious cell death

c)

programmed cellular mutation

d)

mysterious cellular mutation

36.

Which molecules act as gatekeepers for each checkpoint of the cell cycle?

a)

p53 gene

b)

cyclins and cycline-dependent kinases

c)

thyroid hormones

37.

What is the purpose the the cell cycle checkpoints?

a)

To repair damaged cells before they enter cell division.

b)

To remove damaged cells from an organism.

38.

How many cell cycle checkpoints are there?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

39.

What is the first checkpoint of the cell cycle?

a)

Mitosis checkpoint

b)

G1 checkpoint

c)

G2 checkpoint

40.

When is apoptosis initiated?

a)

When DNA damage is repaired.

b)

When cells are removed from the cell cycle.

c)

When DNA damage cannot be repaired.

41.
Uncontrolled cell division is stopped by...
a)
tumor suppressor genes
b)
oncogenes
42.
Which is an example of a tumor suppressor gene?
a)
apoptosis
b)
proto-oncogenes
c)
p53
d)
oncogenes
43.
Normal cell division is regulated by...
a)
Proto-oncogenes
b)
oncogenes
44.
Proto-oncogenes can mutate into...
a)
oncogenes
b)
tumor suppressor genes
c)
DNA repair proteins
45.
Oncogenes cause super-accelerated
a)
apoptosis
b)
mitosis
46.
This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure DNA has been replicated correctly during S phase.
a)
G1 Checkpoint
b)
G2 Checkpoint
c)
M Checkpoint
d)
I Checkpoint

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