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Cladogram and Phylogenetic Tree practice

Total questions: 45

Worksheet time: 2hrs 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
According to this cladogram, primates are most closely related to -
a)
Amphibians
b)
Rodents and rabbits
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
2.
Kangaroos and opossums both incubate their immature in pouches. This means they -
a)
share a common ancestor
b)
possess vestigial organs
c)
have similar skeleltal structures
d)
belong to the same species
3.
According to this cladogram, birds are LEAST related to -
a)
Amphibians
b)
Sharks
c)
Ray Finned Fish
d)
Crocodiles
4.
Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?
a)
jaws
b)
mammary glands & hair
c)
terrestrial during all life stages
d)
opposable thumbs
5.
According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?
a)
crayfish
b)
rat
c)
perch
d)
frog
6.
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?
a)
Frog
b)
Hare
c)
Caiman
d)
Parrot
7.
You look at two species and see very similar amino acid sequences. What does this likely tell you?
a)
These are the same animal.
b)
These animals have a common ancestor.
c)
These animals are not likely related.
d)
These animals are likely becoming one species.
8.
All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of -
a)
Fur
b)
Claws or nails
c)
Lungs
d)
Jaws
9.

Which is the newest trait?

a)

Amniotic egg

b)

Walking legs

c)

Jaws

d)

Hair

10.

According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism?

a)

Amphibians

b)

Ray finned fish

c)

Crocodiles

d)

Birds

11.

What is this a picture of?

a)

Pedigree

b)

Cladogram

c)

Family Tree

d)

Oak Tree

12.

What characteristic distinguishes amphibians from birds and reptiles?

a)

Amniotic egg

b)

Egg shells

c)

Vertebrae

d)

Hair/fur

13.

What distinguishes zebras from from giraffes?

a)

un-branching horns (in males)

b)

even number of toes

c)

fur

d)

carnivorous teeth

14.

What characteristic do all the organisms on this cladogram share?

a)

Being bi-pedal & having language

b)

Complex brains

c)

Fully binocular vision

d)

Partial binocular vision & opposable thumbs

15.
Based on the phylogenic tree, which of these shows a correct ancestral lineage?
a)
E is an ancestor to F and G
b)
C is an ancestor to D and E
c)
B is an ancestor to A
d)
E is an ancestor to H and I
16.
Cladograms are constructed by grouping organisms together based on their____________ characteristics.
a)
shared
b)
different
c)
similar
d)
opposite
17.
A table of arachnid and insect characteristics is shown. Which characteristic could be used to distinguish between
arachnids and insects?
a)
Jointed legs
b)
Body segments
c)
Presence of eyes
d)
Presence of antennae
18.
a)
Homologous
b)
Vestigial
c)
Analogous
19.
How would you describe this picture? butterly vs. bat wing
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Structural adaption
d)
Functional adaption
20.

According to this image, which two domains of life are most related?

a)

Bacteria & Archaea

b)

Archaea & Eukarya

c)

Eukarya & Bacteria

21.

What is the human most closely related to?

a)

Fish

b)

mouse

c)

Salamander

d)

Human

22.

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

a)

Saurischian dinosaurs

b)

Ornithischian dinosaurs

c)

Crocodiles

d)

None of these are related to birds

23.

According to this tree, which of these animal phyla are most closely related?

a)

Arthropoda & Mollusca

b)

Arthropoda & Chordata

c)

Chordata & Mollusca

24.

Where is the alligator and T. rex's common ancestor?

a)

Point A

b)

Point B

c)

Point C

d)

Point D

25.

The diagram below represents possible genetic relationships between groups of organisms.

Which statement is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from the diagram?

a)

Insects are more complex than mammals.

b)

Earthworms and sea stars have a common ancestor.

c)

Snails appeared on Earth before corals.

d)

Sponges were the last new species to appear on Earth.

26.

According to this diagram, is the pig more closely related to the dog or kangaroo?

(a)  

27.

What organism on this diagram would have DNA most similar to the penguin?

(a)  

28.

Are humans related to tuna?

a)

yes

b)

no

29.

Which species are extinct? (Check all that apply.)

a)

A

b)

D

c)

E

d)

H

e)

J

30.

Which species is a common ancestor for species B and D?

a)

C

b)

F

c)

G

d)

H

e)

K

31.

Which two living organisms are most closely related?

a)

A and B

b)

B and C

c)

C and D

d)

B and D

e)

A and D

32.

Which species are extinct? (Check all that apply)

a)

Asian elephant

b)

Mammoth

c)

Mastadon

d)

Stellar's sea cow

e)

Dugong

33.
What do phylogenic trees do?
a)
Help you visualize how species are related.
b)
Provide windbreaks in your yard.
c)
Provide DNA details.
d)
Show the distribution of organisms
34.
From the table, which two animals are MOST CLOSELY related
a)
House Cate and Red Fox
b)
Red Fox and Dog
c)
Dog and Wolf
d)
Wolf and Gopher
35.

Which is more closely related?

a)

Lamprey and tiger

b)

Gorilla and Human

c)

Salamander and Tiger

d)

Shark and Lizard

36.

The lizard has all these derived characteristics EXCEPT

a)

Jaws

b)

Lungs

c)

Bipedal

d)

Amniotic Membrane

37.

Which animals have amniotic eggs?

a)

Turtle and Tuna

b)

Turtle and Leopard

c)

Lancelet and Lamprey

d)

Tuna and Slaamander

38.

Which organism does not have a Vertebral Column?

a)

Lamprey

b)

Lancelet

c)

Tuna

d)

Salamander

39.

According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism?

a)

Amphibians

b)

Ray-Finned Fish

c)

Primates

d)

Birds

40.

What number is the common ancestor of C and D

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

41.

What is the common ancestor of Letters A, B, C, D, E?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

42.

Who is most closely related to Taxidea taxus?

a)

Lutra lutra

b)

Panthera pardus

c)

Canis latrans

d)

Canis lupus

43.

According to this image, when did the ancestors of Indohyus and Pakicetus diverge?

a)

52 million years ago

b)

56 million years ago

c)

25 million years ago

d)

47 million years ago

44.

Cytochrome c is a protein made up of 104 amino acids. It is found in the mitochondria and aides in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration. The data table represents the number of amino acid differences in cytochrome c between organisms A, B, C, and D.

The phylogenetic trees represent possible interpretations of the data in the chart.


Which two phylogenetic trees represent the data most accurately? (choose 2)

a)
b)
c)
45.
According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV

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