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WorksheetsBIO 1313-05, EXAM 1-4
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
The Tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp's nest, two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all these organisms represent a(n)
Species
community
ecosystem
population
Which is the correct order of hierarchical levels of living systems?
cell,organelle,organs,ecosystems,population
cell,molecule,population,ecosystem,biosphere
cell,organisms,population,community,ecosystem
species,community,population,ecosystem,biosphere
The kingdom Fungi includes species
that obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients.
such as mushrooms and plants
that obtain food by ingesting other organisms
that use photosynthesis to obtain food
Which statement about genetics is True?
Each DNA molecule is a single strand of nucleotides
Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotides sequences in their DNA
Genes are proteins that produce DNA
DNA is made up of six different kinds of nucleotides
Which of the following statements is not consistent with Darwin's theory of natural selection?
Factors in the environment result in some organism having better reproductive success than others
Individual organism experience genetic change during their life span to better fit their environment
Natural section can lead to the appearance of new species
Individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are passed from [parents to offs[ring
An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of bacteria to
be just a susceptible to that antibiotic as was the previous generation
die out due to the drastic decrease in population size.
be more contagious that the prior generation
be more resistant to that antibiotic
What is a hypothesis?
A fact
the same thing as a theory
a possible explantion
an untestable idea
a verifiable explanation
A theory is an
description of a belief that invokes the supernatural
idea that had been proven
explanation of an idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence
concept in the early stages that still needs to be tested
A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that
the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reaction and process all experimental data
the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate
two versions of the experiment are conducted, one differing from the other by only a single variable
one experiment is performed, but the scientist controls the variables
The four most common elements in living organisms are
C,N,O,Na
C,H,O,N
C,H,O,Na
C,H,O,Fe
In the equation 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O
H2,O2, and H2O are all elements
only H2O is a compound
only H2 and O2 are compounds
H2, O2, and H2O are all compounds
An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?
11
2
15
5
Which of the following best describes the atomic number of an atom?
the number of electrons in the atom
the number of neutrons in the atom
the number of protons in the atom
the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the atom
Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could
be negatively charged
be positively charged
have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom
have more protons than the usual nitrogen atom
When full, the innermost electron shell of argon contains ___ electrons, and the outermost shell contains _____ electrons.
4;8
8;8
2;8
2;2
A(n) _____ forms when two atoms share electrons
covalent bond
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
ion
A hydrogen atom has one electron. How many covalent bonds can hydrogen form
one
two
four
none
Table salt is formed when
Sodium and chlorine share electrons to form a bond
chlorine gives an electron to sodium
sodium donates its single outer electron to chlorine
a hydrogen bond forms between sodium and chlorine
What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?
In covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells , in ionic bonding one partner does and the other does not
Covalent bonds form between atoms of the same elements; ionic bonds form between atoms of different elements
Covalent bonding involves only the outermost electron shell; ionic bonding also involves the next electron shell inside the outermost shell
In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond one partner accepts electrons from the other
Which statement is false about the structure of atoms?
An isotope is a variation of an element that differs in the number of electrons
Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons
An electron is a subatomic particle with a negative charge
All atoms of particular element have the same unique number of protons
Which of the following statements regarding the oxygen atom of a water molecule is true?
Oxygen is attracted to the negatively charged atoms of other molecules
Oxygen is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms
Oxygen attracts electrons less strongly than the hydogen atoms
Oxygen is more positively charged than the hydrogen atoms
In a water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a ____ bond.
polar covalent
nonpolar covalent
double covalent
hydrogen
The hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to the oxygen atom by ______ bonds, whereas neighboring water molecules are held together by _______ bonds.
polar covalent; ionic
polar covalent; hydrogen
ionic; covalent
hydrogen; polar covalent
DNA differs from RNA because DNA
contains phosphate groups not found in RNA
contains thymine in place of uracil
consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand
contains the sugar ribose rather the sugar deoxyribose
Water molecules stick to other water molecules because
covalent bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules
water molecules are neutral, and neutral molecules are attracted to each other
the oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules are attracted to one another
hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules
Which of the following statements regarding chemical reactions is false
although the atoms of a reaction's reactants and products are identical to each other their molecular formulas differ
the reactants contain the same number of atoms as the products
chemical reactions involve the making and breaking of chemical bonds
some chemical reactions create electrons; others destroy them
As ice melts
hydrogen bonds are broken
the water becomes less dense
heat is released
water molecules become less tightly packed
Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is
100 times more acidic
10 times more basic
100 times more basic
10 times more acidic
Which of the following statements about pH is true?
the pH scale is a measure of oxygen ion concentration
an increase in hydrogen ion concentration means a decrease in pH scale units
a single unit change on the pH scale is equivalent to a 1% change in hydrogen ion concentration
basic pH levels are less than 7
Which of the following is not a monomer/polymer pairing
glucose/phospholipid bilayer
monosaccharide/polysaccharide
amino acid/protein
deoxyribonucleotide/DNA
In animals, carbohydrates serve primarily as
storehouses for amino acids
energy sources
enzymes
sites of protein synthesis
insulation
In an ecosystem, energy
typically flows from producers to a series of consumers
cycles along with chemical nutrients
typically flows from consumers to producers to decomposers
comes ultimately from bacteria
Organic compounds
always contains nitrogen
always contain oxygen
always contain carbon
are synthesized only by animal cells
Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false?
Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive branched or unbranched "carbon skeleton"
Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds
Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds
Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms
Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group?
glucose
amino acid
sugar
fat
Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is False?
Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis
Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers
Cells typically make all their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare.
The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal
What is the general function of enzymes within the cell?
to promote the synthesis of monomers
to speed up chemical reactions
to induce chemical reactions
to stop chemical reactions
The storage form of carbohydrates is ___ in animals and ____ in plants.
glycogen;starch
glycogen;cellulose
starch;glocogen
cellulose;glocogen
What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic?
fats have carboxyl groups
fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains
fats include one glycerol molecule
fats have polar fatty acids
Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be
monoglecerides
completely hydrogenated
unsaturated
saturated
The development of heart disease can result from a diet high in
saturated fats
sigars
protein
fiber
Which of the following substances is made of lipids?
cellulose
enzymes
steroids
DNA
A major type of lipids found in cell membrane is
glycerol
unsaturated fats
phospholipids
saturated fats
Proteins differ from one another because
the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein
the peptide bonds linking amino acids differ from protein to protein
each protein contains its own unique sequence of sugar molecules.
the number of nucleotides found in each protein varies from molecule to molecule
peptide bonds
are formed by a hydrolysis reaction
link amino acids
are used to form amino acids
form between fatty acids
The primary structure of a protein is
maintained by hydrogen bonds
composed of two or more polypeptide chains
an alpha helix or pleated sheet
the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain
How are genes used by cells to build proteins?
The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of a DNA molecule, which is used to build a protein
The genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to build a protein.
DNA is transcribed into an amino acid sequence
The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of proteins directly
Which of the following statements regarding nucleotides is False?
Nucleotides contain sugar molecules
Nucleotides contain lipids
Nucleotides can be linked together to form nuclei acids
Nucleotides contain nitrogenous bases
What components make up a nucleotide?
a nitrogenous base and phosphate group only
a sugar and phosphate group only
a nitrogenous base and sugar only
a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
The hydrogen bonds shown in this figure are each between
an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of different water molecules
two hydrogen atoms
two atoms with the same charge
an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of the same water molecule
A scientist wants to examine living cells lining the respiratory tract to determine how the cell use tiny hairs to move dirt and mucus away from the lungs. Which of the following instruments would be best, and why?
a scanning electron microscope , because it can be used to observe whole cells without slicing them
a transmission electron microscope because it has high resolution
a light microscope because it allows observations of whole, live cells
a scanning electron microscope, because it can reveal structures on cell surfaces
Which of the following would you NOT find in a prokaryotic cell?
cell wall
ribosomes
nucleus
plasma membrane
Cell theory states that
cells can be created from molecules spontaneously
calls make up living and nonliving substances
all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells
all living things are made of many cells
A scanning electron microscope is used to study___ whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study ____.
dead celss; live cells
live cells; dead cells
cell surfaces; internal cell structures
internal cell structures; cell surfaces
A pathologist who wants to examine a patient's liver cells to determine if the mitochondria have an internal structural abnormality will likely need to use a
light microscope
transmission electron microscope
fluorescence microscope
scanning electron microscope
In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads
are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water
are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water
which of the following structures is only associated with prokaryotic cells?
chromosome
ribosomes
membrane-bound nucleus
nucleoid
which of the following incorrectly pairs the cell structure with its function?
lysosome- transport
mitochondria- ATP synthesis
ribosomes- protein synthesis
microfilaments- muscle contraction
Which type of structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
chloroplast
central vacuole
cell wall
A & B only
A,B, and C
You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plants, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells
could be either plant or bacterial cells
are bacterial cells
are plant cells
are animal cells
Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which
is made in the nucleolus
is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins
carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division
must be made by the ribosomes
The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of
mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell
ribosomes and steroid hormones
membrane and proteins secreted by the cell
hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell
Secretory Proteins are
produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
produced by the cell for internal us
chemically modified in the nucleus
released from the cell through the plasma membrane
The golgi apparatus
strings together amino acids to produce proteins
is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another
is the site of carbohydrate breakdown
stores, modifies, and packages proteins
Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell?
rough ER, lysosomes,transport vesicles, cell membrane
rough ER, transport vesicles, golgi apparatus,vacuole, cell membrane
rough ER, golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane
rough ER, transport vesicles, golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane
The function of mitochondria is
photosynthesis
cellular repiration
lipid synthesis
intracellular digestion
The __ of a mitochondrion is/are an adaption that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP
stroma
intermembrane space
matrix
cristae
The function of chloroplast is
intracellular digestion
cellular respiration
photosynthesis
lipid synthesis
Intermediate filaments
guide the movements of organelles
support the inner mitochondrial membrane
guide the movements of chromosomes
surround the nucleus
Cilia differ from flagella in that
cilia are anchored only in the proteins of the cell membrane, whereas flagella are anchored in a special structure called the basal body
cilia contain nine microtubules doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules, whereas flagella contain only nine microtubule doublets
cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella
the protein filaments of cilia are "naked", whereas those of flagella are wrapped in an extension of the cell membrane
Diffusion does not require the cell to expend ATP. Therefore, diffusion is considered a type of
active transport
exocytosis
endocytosis
passive transport
Skin cells are fastened into strong sheets by
basal bodies
tight junctions
anchoring junctions
gap junctions
a animal cell in a hypotonic solution
becomes turgid because of an inflow of water
wilts because of an outflow of water
bursts because of an inflow of water
shrivels because of an outflow of water
Which of the following statements regarding plasmodesmata is false?
plasmodesmata are found in plants and animals
plasmodesmata carry nutrients between plant cells
plasmodesmata penetrate plant cell walls
plasmodesmata carry chemical messages between plant cells
Most of the functions of a call membrane, including and enzymatic function, are
cholesterol
glycolipids
proteins
phospholipids
Osmosis can be defined as
the diffusion of nonpolar molecules
the diffusion of water
active transport
the diffusion of a solute
Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This mean that
glucose cannot enter the cell
the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell easily than others
plasma membranes must be very thick
anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy
Which of the following statements regarding membrane function is False?
The plasma membrane forms a selective barrier around the cell
the plasma membrane has receptors for chemical messages
the plasma membrane is the control center of the cell
the plasma membrane plays a role in transferring signals to the cells interior
Which of the following substances would have the most trouble crossing a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer
CO2
O2
Na+
a small, nonpolar molecule
You are adrift in the Atlantic Ocean and, being thirsty, drink the surrounding seawater. As a result
your cells lyse from excessive water intake
you dehydrate yourself
your cells become turgid
you quench your thirst
Which of the following statements is true for all types of passive transport ?
proteins are needed to transport molecules across the membrane
ions never cross the plasma membrane by passive transport
the concentration gradient is the driving force
only small polar molecules are able to cross the plasma membrane
Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ____ and moves a substance ____ its concentration gradient
transport proteins; down
energy and transport proteins; against
transport proteins; against
energy and transport proteins; down
The molecules responsible for membrane transport are
proteins
steroids
carbohydrates
phospholipids
Which of the following processes can move a solute against its concentration gradient?
passive transport
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
active transport
Which of the following statements regarding active transport is false?
Active transport can move a solute against its concentration gradient
Active transport uses ATP as an energy source
Active transport is driven by the concentration gradient
Active Transport requires the cell to expend energy
Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion?
diffusion
phagocytosis
exocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
The process of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is
receptor-mediated endocytosis
exocytosis
phagocytosis
osmosis
Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that
kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object, whereas chemical energy is the potential energy of molecules
kinetic energy is stored energy that has the potential to do work, and chemical energy is the energy of movement
chemical energy is a particular form of kinetic energy
kinetic energy can be converted into various forms of energy, whereas chemical energy can only be converted into heat
Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing
chemical energy into potential energy
kinetic energy into thermal energy
kinetic energy into potential energy
chemical energy into kinetic energy
When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a(n) ____ reaction to drive a(n) ____ reaction
spontaneous; exergonic
exergonic; spontaneous
endergonic; exergonic
exergonic; endergonic
Which of the following statements about ATP is true?
It releases energy when one phosphate group leaves ATP
Extremely stable bonds link second and third phosphate groups
It contains five phosphate groups
It contains the sugar glucose
Most of a cell's enzymes are
carbohydrates
proteins
amino acids
lipids
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction
it acts as a reactant
it lowers the activation energy of the reaction
it raises the activation energy of the reaction
it is used once and discarded
Which of the following statements correctly compare facilitated diffusion and active transport
Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient and active transport moves them against their gradient
Facilitated diffusion does not require energy and active transport does require energy
Facilitated diffusion uses proteins and active transport does not
A and B only
A,B, and C
Aquaporins
allow water to cross the plasma membrane against its concentration gradient
allow for the active transport of water
are found in all cells
allow water to cross the plasma membrane via facilitated diffusion
The active site of an enzyme is
the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
the region of a substrate that is changed by an enzyme
the region of a product that detaches from the enzyme
the highly changeable portion of an enzyme that adapts to fit the substrates of various
Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false?
Enzymes emerge unchanged from the reactions they catalyze
Enzymes are used when the catalyze a chemical reaction so must be synthesized for each new chemical reaction
An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape
Enzymes are very specific for certain substrates
How does inhibition of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by a competitive inhibitor differ from inhibition by a non competitive inhibitor?
Competitive inhibitors interfere with the enzyme; noncompetitive inhibitors interfere with the reactants
Competitive inhibitors change the enzymes tertiary structural; noncompetitive inhibitors cause polypeptide sub units to dissociate
Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme; noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site
Competitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme reversibly; noncompetitive inhibitors bind to it irreversibly
Which statement about the cell membrane is true?
the cell membrane is not involved in exocytosis or endocytosis
The cell membrane is a barrier that prevents all molecules from entering or leaving the cell.
The cell membrane is only composed of phospholipids
the interior region of the cell membrane is hydrophobic
An energy barrier
is the amount of energy that must be produced by the reactants to end a chemical reaction
can only be overcome with the use of enzymes
prevents the spontaneous breakdown of molecules int he cell
is higher than the activation energy of a reaction
