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Exam 7 Practice Problems

Total questions: 105

Worksheet time: 2hrs 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which type of rock results from melting and cooling of magma?
a)
Igneous
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Sedimentary
d)
Extrusive
2.
When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.
a)
Compaction
b)
Cementation
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
3.
This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
4.
This rock started as lava that cooled and then was heated and put under pressure over time. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentar
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
5.

What type of rock is created from heat and pressure?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

6.

Which type of rock was created from the deposition and cementation of weathered material?

a)

b)

c)

d)

7.

Which rock was most likely formed from heat and pressure?

a)

b)

c)

d)

8.

What type of rocks are formed from the processes seen in the picture?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

9.

In which type of rock would you find fossils like you see in the picture?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

10.

Which process comes first in the creation of sedimentary rock?

a)

erosion

b)

compaction

c)

cementation

d)

weathering

11.
This rock formed when lava cooled very quickly on Earth's surface. What specific type of rock is it?
a)
Extrusive Igneous Rock
b)
Intrusive Igneous Rock
c)
Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock
d)
Biochemical Sedimentary Rock
12.
This rock was formed when magma cooled very slowly inside the Earth. What specific type of rock is it?
a)
Intrusive Igneous Rock
b)
Extrusive Igneous Rock
c)
Foliated Metamorphic Rock
d)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
13.
What process is used to form sedimentary rocks?
a)
Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.
b)
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation
c)
Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new rocks.
d)
Magma trapped under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies.
14.
The movement of weathered material (sediment) is called?
a)
weathering
b)
erosion
c)
deposition
d)
cementation
15.
Which type of rock is formed from INTENSE heat and pressure?
a)
igneous
b)
sedimentary
c)
metamorphic
16.
This rock is formed from lava on  the earth's  surface
a)
Inorganic
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
d)
Sedimentary
17.
The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together.
a)
compaction
b)
deposition
c)
organic rock
d)
cementation
18.

Igneous rock that cools very quickly when it forms may have a texture that is ________________.

a)

Igneous rock

b)

fracture

c)

smooth and shiny with no visible grain

d)

very grainy

19.

What are the steps of breaking down sedimentary rock?

a)

Sediments just get melted down

b)

Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation

c)

Sediments don't break down

d)

Weathering, erosion, and deposition

20.

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

a)

They are formed from very little heat and pressure on Earth's surface

b)

They are formed from just pressure being applied to them.

c)

They are formed from intense heat and pressure, deep beneath the surface of the Earth.

d)

They are no metamorphic rocks

21.

How does folding affect Earth's surface?

a)

Folding causes the crust to buckle, and over time, to rise up and form mountains.

b)

Folding causes the crust to sink.

c)

Folding causes the crust to bend in half.

d)

Folding has no effect on Earth's surface.

22.

Which type of stress occurs at convergent boundaries where plates push into each other?

a)

tension

b)

compression

c)

shear

23.

A geologist notices that the land on one side of a break in the crust is slightly higher than the other side.

What has the geologist found?

a)

an anticline

b)

a fault

c)

a fold

d)

a joint

24.
A fossil is ____________.
a)
evidence of past life
b)
part of the fossil record
c)
found in sedimentary rock
d)
all of the above
25.
_______ fossils can provide information about how organisms moved, rested, burrowed, etc.
a)
Mold
b)
Cast
c)
Trace
d)
Replacement
26.
As time goes on, specimens in the fossil record become more _________.
a)
confusing
b)
common
c)
complex
d)
simple
27.

The formation of fossils as stone replaces decaying tissues

a)

Extinction

b)

Petrification

c)

Glacial Period

d)

Sedimentary Layers

28.

Fossils are the preserved remains of organisms that lived long ago. According to the law of superposition, the rock layers that contain fossils should be far below Earth’s surface. Which answer best explains why fossils are sometimes found at or near the surface? 

a)

Fossils are less dense than rock, so they rise to the surface.

b)

Fossils are moved to the surface by other organisms.

c)

Sedimentary rock layers are relatively soft, and new fossils sink through upper layers into older, deeper layers.

d)

Some rock layers with fossils have been exposed because of different processes, such as faulting, folding, and weathering.

29.

Scientists find a fossil of a fish on top of a mountain. What kind of evidence does the fossil provide scientists about the way this area might have changed over time?

a)

It shows that fish were once able to live without water.

b)

It shows that oceans can change quickly and become land.

c)

It shows that the animals found on the mountain today evolved from fish.

d)

It shows that the mountain may have once been under water and raised up by natural processes.

30.

The rock layers that make up the Grand Canyon range in age from 2 billion to 230 million years. What would a scientist need in order to compare the relative ages of rocks from two different parts of the canyon? 

a)

the location of each rock

b)

the size and hardness of each rock

c)

the size of the crystals that make up each rock

d)

the amounts of radioactive elements in each rock

31.

Paleontologists are studying a specific type of fossil from an organism found in the bottom rock layer of a cliff. Later they notice the same type of fossil in a higher layer on the same cliff. The rock layers are undisturbed – no folding or faulting has taken place. Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why fossil?

a)

This particular type of organism was present in multiple locations on Earth.

b)

This particular type of organism lived for a long period of time in the same area.

c)

The cliff has many folds that moved the fossils into different layers.

d)

The cliff has many faults that have broken down the rock and moved the fossils.

32.

Fossils provide information about the layers of rock in which they are found. For example, the fish fossil indicates that the sediments in the surrounding rock were deposited in or near a body of water.

What information does the fish fossil provide about the age of the rock layer surrounding it?

a)

The rock is younger than the fossil.

b)

The rock is older than the fossil.

c)

The rock and fossil are the same age.

d)

The age of the rock is unrelated to the age of the fossil.

33.

The rock layers that make up the Grand Canyon range in age from 2 billion to 230 million years. What would a scientist need in order to compare the ages of rocks from two different parts of the canyon?

a)

the location of each rock

b)

the size and hardness of each rock

c)

the size of the crystals that make up the rock

d)

the radioactive elements in each rock

34.

Many features of rocks offer clues to their ages. Which feature does NOT provide information about the age of a rock?

a)

the position of the rock relative to other rock layers.

b)

the size of the crystals that make up the rock

c)

the radioactive elements within the rock

d)

the fossils found within the rock

35.
Which statement BEST describes how the fossil bones of a dinosaur are formed?
a)
The dinosaur became trapped in amber.
b)
The dinosaur was covered in sediment.
c)
The dinosaur was frozen in ice.
d)
The dinosaur stepped in wet mud.
36.
Principle that states in a sequence of undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top 
a)
superposition 
b)
uniformitarianism
c)
half-life
37.
Method by which a geologist can calculate the absolute age of the rock by knowing the half-life of an isotope 
a)
radiometric dating
b)
relative dating
c)
absolute dating
38.
Time it takes for half of an isotopes atoms to decay 
a)
relative age 
b)
absolute age 
c)
half-life
39.
Method by which order of events or age of rocks is determined by examining the position of rocks in a layer 
a)
relative dating
b)
absolute dating
c)
radiometric dating
40.
Correctly sequence the layers of rocks oldest to youngest 
a)
A,B,C,D
b)
D,C,B,A
41.
In which kind of rock do we usually find a fossil?
a)
sedimentary  rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
igneous rock
42.

This rock started as molten magma but transformed after a volcano erupted. What type of rock is this?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

43.

When water enters cracks in rocks and freezes, it expands and breaks the rock apart.

a)

Mechanical

b)

Ice Wedging

c)

Roots

d)

Chemical

e)

Carbonic Acid

44.

The type of weathering that occurs when chemicals react with minerals.

a)

Mechanical

b)

Ice Wedging

c)

Roots

d)

Chemical

e)

Carbonic Acid

45.

What happens to a rock when it is weathered?

a)

It is broken into smaller pieces.

b)

It is moved by wind, air, or water.

c)

It is built up as material is deposited.

d)

It is changed into another type of rock.

46.

_____________ weathering is the breaking down of rocks by chemical reactions.

a)

Chemical

b)

Physical

c)

Deposition

d)

Erosion

47.

____________ is the breaking down and wearing a way of rock by mechanical action.

a)

Erosion

b)

Oxidation

c)

Iron Oxide

d)

Abrasion

48.

When acidic water rushes over Limestone for extended periods of time, the rock is dissolved and eventually forms caves and other features. This is an example of what?

a)

Climate

b)

Frost Wedging

c)

Dissolving

49.

Carbonic acid weathering limestone to form caves

a)

chemical weathering

b)

mechanical weathering

50.

The wedging (or growing) of tree roots along natural grooves in rock

a)

chemical weathering

b)

mechanical weathering

51.
When wind, water, or ice leave materials in a location, this is known as:
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
d)
Transportation
52.
What is deposition?
a)
The process by which
water, ice, wind or gravity
moves fragments of rock
and soil.
b)
The process by which
water, ice, wind or gravity
deposit rock sediments
and soil in a new place.
c)
The breaking down of
Earth’s crust into smaller
and smaller pieces.
53.

The image above depicts the effects of chemical weathering breaking down limestone. Which type of chemical weathering causes this reaction?

a)

Acid rain

b)

Oxidation

c)

Exfoliation

d)

Abrasion

54.

Which type of sediment does wind erosion most strongly affect?

a)

Loose, sandy soil

b)

Wet rocks

c)

Wet, compacted soil

d)

Dry, compacted soil

55.

The tallest sand dunes in North America are found in Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in Colorado. These dunes were formed from the sand at the bottom of a dry lake bed. Which of the following agents is most likely responsible for the formation of the sand dunes?

a)

Wind

b)

Water

c)

Ice

d)

Gravity

56.

A landform that is a result of the deposition of sediments at the mouth of a river

a)

canyon

b)

mountain

c)

plateau

d)

delta

57.

A huge, slow moving mass of snow or ice

a)

Glacier

b)

Delta

c)

Bay

d)

Sea

58.

Which layer is OLDER? Intrusion M or Layer D?

a)

Intrusion M

b)

Layer D

59.

Which layer is OLDER? Fault E or Intrusion D?

a)

Fault E

b)

Intrusion D

60.

Which layer is OLDER? Layer E or Intrusion A?

a)

Layer E

b)

Intrusion A

61.

Which layer is OLDER? Layer E or Fault H?

a)

Layer E

b)

Fault H

62.
States that younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers have not been disturbed
a)
Law of crosscutting
b)
Law of superposition
c)
Relative Dating
d)
Unconformity
63.
How does the law of crosscutting explain the age of a fault?
a)
The fault is younger than the rocks above it.
b)
The fault is younger than the rocks it cuts through.
c)
The fault is older than the rocks above it.
d)
The fault is older than the rocks it cuts through.
64.
What are the relative ages of the features in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
Limestone, Basalt, Fault, Siltstone
b)
Siltstone, Fault, Basalt, Limestone
c)
Limestone, Fault, Basalt, Siltstone
d)
Limestone, Siltstone, Fault, Basalt
65.
The age of a rock compared to the ages of other rocks is the rock's
a)
absolute age
b)
geologic age
c)
sedimentary age
d)
relative age
66.

What type of unconformity is shown here?

a)

Non-conformity

b)

Disconformity

c)

Angular unconformity

67.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
68.
The length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is its...
a)
era
b)
age
c)
half-life
d)
eon
69.
Radiometric dating is possible because the rates of decay of radioactive isotopes _____.
a)
change over time
b)
change from place to place
c)
are constant
d)
vary widely
70.
Why are isotopes with short half-lives not useful for dating very old rocks?
a)
because not enough of the parent isotope remains to measure accurately
b)
because not enough of the daughter product has formed to be detectable
c)
because neither the parent isotope nor the daughter product will be detectable
d)
because very old rocks would never have contained these isotopes
71.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
72.
What is the half-life of iodine-131?
a)
32 days
b)
8 days
c)
16 days
d)
24 days
73.

The % of the parent isotope remaining after 2 Half Lives.

a)

50%

b)

25%

c)

12.5%

d)

6.25%

74.

What is the Half life of this isotope?

a)

5 seconds

b)

10 seconds

c)

15 seconds

d)

20 seconds

75.
The half-life of strontium-90 is 25 years. How much strontium-90 will remain after 100 years if the initial amount is 4.0 g?
a)
3.0g
b)
0.25mg
c)
0.3g
d)
0.25g
76.

After 22,800 years, approximately what percentage of the original carbon-14 remains?

a)

15%

b)

12.5%

c)

6.25%

d)

3.125%

77.

The diagram shows 32 atoms

32 of the Red are the parent isotope

0 of the atoms are daughter isotopes

How many half-lives have occurred?

a)

0

b)

1

c)

2

d)

3

78.

If a scientist found a fish fossil in the desert, what can they infer?

a)

An animal ate the fish.

b)

The water covered the area long ago.

c)

Today's fish looks the same

d)

The fish is endangered.

79.

What type of fossil is pictured here?

a)

Mold fossil

b)

Trace fossil

c)

Cast fossil

d)

Fake fossil

80.

What type of fossil is pictured here?

a)

Mold fossil

b)

Trace fossil

c)

Cast fossil

d)

Carbonization fossil

81.

Which type of fossil preservation is a thin carbon silhouette of the original organism?

a)

permineralization

b)

carbonization 

c)

mold

d)

petrified

82.

a type of fossil this is a solid copy of an organism's shape, formed when minerals seep into a mold

a)

cast fossil

b)

mold fossil

c)

carbon film

d)

petrified fossil

83.

organisms or parts of organisms preserved in a substance, such as amber, tar, or ice

a)

trace fossil

b)

petrified fossil

c)

mold fossil

d)

preserved remains

84.

Which texture best describes this rock?

a)

porphyritic

b)

nonfoliated

c)

foliated

d)

clastic

85.
Metamorphic rocks form from ___.
a)
igneous rocks
b)
other metamorphic rocks
c)
sedimentary rocks
d)
all types of rocks
86.
What are the two main types of metamorphic rocks and how are they different?
a)
intrusive and extrusive; intrusive rocks are formed inside the earth and extrusive rocks are formed on the surface
b)
foliated and nonfoliated; foliated rocks do not have visible bands/layers and nonfoliated rocks do have visible bands/layers
c)
intrusive and extrusive; intrusive rocks are formed on the earth's surface and extrusive rocks are formed in the Earth
d)
foliated and nonfoliated; foliated rocks have visible bands/layers and nonfoliated rocks do not have visible bands/layers
87.

This type of fossil is tree sap hardened and replaced by minerals.

a)

Petrified wood

b)

Imprint

c)

Amber

d)

Mold

88.
this type of fossil is a mold filled with sediment that creates a solid copy of an organism
a)
mold
b)
petrified
c)
cast
d)
trace
89.

Q. What are the 3 major types of rocks?

a)

Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary

b)

Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation

c)

magma, lava, crystals

90.
The block diagram below represents caves that developed in a region over time. Which type of weathering was primarily responsible for the development of these caves?
a)
Physical weathering of sandstone
b)
Physical weathering of limestone
c)
Chemical weathering of sandstone
d)
Chemical weathering of limestone
91.
What is stratigraphy and how is it related to geology?
a)
Stratigraphy is the study of layers in rocks and is important in determining the relative ages of rock layers.
b)
Stratigraphy is the study of fossils and their ages.
c)
Stratigraphy is used to measure absolute ages of rocks.
d)
Stratigraphy is the process of radiometric dating.
92.
What is the process of radiometric dating based on?
a)
Examining the ratio of isotopes in rocks to determine their age.
b)
Studying the color and texture of rock layers.
c)
Analyzing the magnetic properties of igneous rocks.
d)
Measuring the density of fossils in sedimentary rocks.
93.
What is the process of uranium to lead dating in radiometric dating?
a)
Measuring the ratio of uranium to lead isotopes in a rock sample to determine its age.
b)
Measuring the ratio of carbon isotopes in a rock sample to determine its age.
c)
Measuring the ratio of potassium to argon isotopes in a rock sample to determine its age.
d)
Measuring the ratio of oxygen to nitrogen isotopes in a rock sample to determine its age.
94.
What is the law of superposition in relative dating?
a)
Older layers form on top of newer layers.
b)
Layers are always vertical.
c)
Layers are always horizontal.
d)
Newer layers form on top of older layers.
95.
How does relative dating arrange events or objects in chronological order?
a)
By using the law of superposition and the order of rock layers.
b)
By measuring the ratio of isotopes in rocks.
c)
By studying the fossils found in rock layers.
d)
By analyzing the chemical composition of rocks.
96.
What is the main difference between relative dating and absolute dating?
a)
Relative dating uses the order of rock layers to determine age, while absolute dating provides numeric ages.
b)
Relative dating involves radiometric dating, while absolute dating involves stratigraphy.
c)
Relative dating is more accurate than absolute dating.
d)
Relative dating relies on isotopes, while absolute dating relies on superposition.
97.

A fault or intrusion is younger than the unit it cuts across.

a)

Law of Superposition

b)

Inclusions

c)

Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships

d)

Priniciple of Orignial Horizontality

98.

The principle that states that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.

The present is the key to the past.

a)

Unconformity

b)

Uniformitarianism

c)

Superposition

d)

Catastrophism

99.

the number of years that have passed since the rock was formed, such as, "this basalt layer is 1000 years old +/- 20 years".

a)

absolute age

b)

law of superposition

c)

relative age

d)

unconformity

100.

Age of a rock compared to the ages of other rocks, such as "this rock is older than the rest in the area".

a)

Absolute Age

b)

Law of Superposition

c)

Relative Age

d)

Unconformity

101.

Magma pushes into rock layers below the surface of the earth where it cools and hardens into igneous rock.

a)

extrusion

b)

fault

c)

index fossil

d)

intrusion

102.

Widely distributed and representing an organism that existed for a geologically short period of time, they are useful in finding relative age of rocks they are found in.

a)

extrusion

b)

fault

c)

index fossil

d)

intrusion

103.

Always younger than the rock layers that it cuts through, this break in Earth's crust is caused by forces acting on the rocks on either side.

a)

extrusion

b)

fault

c)

index fossil

d)

intrusion

104.

Index fossils are useful when identifying the relative age of rock because they are:

a)

widespread & have a relatively short lifespan

b)

widespread and they have a relatively long lifespan

c)

occur in a small area and have a relatively short lifespan

d)

occur in a small area and have a relatively long lifespan

105.
Scientist think the Earth is ___ years old.
a)
4,500
b)
45,000
c)
4.5 million
d)
4.5 billion

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