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Worksheets

Enlightenment & Scientific Revolution 25-26

Total questions: 59

Worksheet time: 2mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Isaac Newton's universal law that showed how one law could explain all motion in the universe

a)

Law of Gravitation

b)

Law of Planetary Motion

c)

Heliocentric Theory

d)

Ninja Turtles are cool

2.

Who developed a philosophy based on the idea "I think, therefore I am," and is known as the father of modern rationalism?

a)

Chaucer

b)

Francis Bacon

c)

Rene Descartes

d)

William Shakespeare

3.

Who was the first to argue that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe?

a)

Ptolemy

b)

Nicholas Copernicus

c)

Johannes Kepler

d)

Spongebob

4.

In Jean-Jacques Rousseau's concept, an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will

a)

Separation of Powers

b)

Checks & Balances

c)

Satire to tackle difficult issues

d)

Social Contract

5.

In Jean-Jacques Rousseau's concept of a social contract,

a)

the majority or general will of a society governed

b)

punishments are not exercises in brutality, and capital punishment is discarded

c)

the government should not interfere in economic matters

d)

women should be granted rights nearly equal to those of men

6.

Who argued that women should be educated and criticized the idea that science could help humans master nature?

a)

Margaret Cavendish

b)

Maria Winkelmann

c)

Mary Wollenstonecraft

d)

Wonder Woman

7.

The Scientific Method applies

a)

to only math and science

b)

to all human ideas and practices including government

c)

to math, science and philosophy but not government

d)

only to science

8.

John Locke's ideas suggested that people were

a)

born either good or evil

b)

inherently self-centered

c)

naturally inclined to be stupid

d)

molded by their experiences

9.

Montesquieu's most lasting contribution to political thought was his

a)

analysis of the governmental system of check and balances

b)

identification of the natural laws that governed human society

c)

theory that the government should interfere with religious matters

d)

idea that punishments should be brutal to be effective

10.

European philosophers began applying a scientific view to understanding the world because they could apply the scientific method instead of relying solely on religious faith.

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Maybe

11.

French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers to ensure a system of checks & balances

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Locke

c)

Rousseau

d)

Napoleon

12.

What was the Enlightenment?

a)

a new intellectual movement that stressed reason, thought and the power of the individual to solve problems

b)

a movement to change the world by starting revolutions in every country

c)

being woke

d)

a new scientific movement that stressed repeated experimentation to prove the laws of nature

13.

The Scientific Revolution was a period of

a)

learning where Asians understood the basic laws of nature and applied reasoning to science

b)

learning where Europeans understood the basic laws of nature and applied reasoning to science

c)

learning where philosophers taught science

d)

learning where people understood everything about the universe

14.

Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first European to study the galaxy using a telescope

a)

Marco Polo

b)

Copernicus

c)

Galilei

d)

Kepler

15.

Came up with Heliocentric Theory- a model that said the Sun, not the Earth was the center of the universe

a)

Copernicus

b)

Galilei

c)

Kepler

d)

Newton

16.

German astronomer who used math to prove planets revolve in an oval path; laws of planetary motion

a)

Harvey

b)

Kepler

c)

Lavoisier

d)

Newton

17.

Helped formulate the Scientific Method by combining his thinking with Descartes and formalize the empirical method

a)

Bacon

b)

Boyle

c)

Cavendish

d)

Vesalius

18.

English scientist and mathematician who established the theories of gravity and invented Calculus

a)

Lavoisier

b)

Newton

c)

Vesalius

d)

Winkelmann

19.

English physician and scientist who figured out how blood circulates through the body

a)

Galilei

b)

Harvey

c)

Lavoisier

d)

Vesalius

20.

Determined properties of gas--volume of gas varies with pressure; made huge advances in chemistry

a)

Bacon

b)

Boyle

c)

Cavendish

d)

Winkelmann

21.

Named the elements; theory of combustion; Law of conservation of mass and regarded as the father of modern chemistry

a)

Lavoisier

b)

Newton

c)

Vesalius

d)

Winkelmann

22.

Scientist who studied anatomy in depth-- is the father of anatomy and wrote the first anatomy textbook

a)

Newton

b)

Vesalius

c)

Winkelmann

d)

Harvey

23.

German astronomer who discovered a comet

a)

Cavendish

b)

Winkelmann

c)

Lavoisier

d)

Kepler

24.

Speculated on the nature of the atom; was an author of many books

a)

Bacon

b)

Cavendish

c)

Kepler

d)

Newton

25.

Favored "revolution" as a way for political change; wrote the Declaration of Independence using Enlightenment ideas

a)

Hobbes

b)

Montesquieu

c)

Rousseau

d)

Jefferson

26.

English philosopher; believed monarchy was best form of government; wrote Leviathan

a)

Hobbes

b)

Locke

c)

Montesquieu

d)

Luther

27.

French Philosopher who used satire as his form of writing about politics; attacked injustice and intolerance

a)

Rousseau

b)

Voltaire

c)

Wollstonecraft

d)

Montesquieu

28.

English philosopher; Believed in "natural law" this guaranteed people "life, liberty, and property"; said that government was created to protect the inalienable rights of the people

a)

Locke

b)

Montesquieu

c)

Rousseau

d)

Jefferson

29.

Edited the first Encyclopedia to spread ideas so that people would think more rationally and critically

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Diderot

c)

Rousseau

d)

Wollstonecraft

30.

French philosopher who believed that government powers should be separated among different branches to form a system of checks and balances.

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Voltaire

c)

Wollstonecraft

d)

Locke

31.

English writer and one of the first women to advocate women's rights and equal education.

a)

Locke

b)

Montesquieu

c)

Rousseau

d)

Wollstonecraft

e)

Voltaire

32.

French philosopher; ideas were the basis for "majority rule"

a)

Hobbes

b)

Diderot

c)

Rousseau

d)

Voltaire

33.

Ideas and scientific breakthroughs were published in this.

a)

Wollstonecraft

b)

Encyclopedia

c)

Google machine

d)

Glossy Magazines

34.

A political revolution inspired by the The Enlightenment in the late 1700s.

a)

Avengers Civil War

b)

American Civil War

c)

World War I

d)

American Revolution

35.

What event exposed Europeans to advances in science & mathematics from the Muslim world which eventually lead to the Scientific Revolution?

a)

The Crusades

b)

The Inquisition

c)

The Religious Wars

d)

The Age of Discovery

36.

​Which 2 political philosophers had radically different views of a social contract?

a)

Voltaire; Cesare Beccaria

b)

Jean Jacques Rousseau; Thomas Hobbes

c)

Baron de Montesquieu; Voltaire

d)

Baron de Montesquieu; Jean Jacques Rousseau

37.

The music of the baroque period was heavy with organ & choral-- which composer's music was characterized by the baroque period?

a)

Franz Joseph Haydn

b)

Ludwig van Beethoven

c)

Johann Sebastian Bach

d)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

38.

What was the new, lighter, more elegant form of music that developed during the Enlightenment?

a)

Baroque

b)

New Wave

c)

Whig

d)

Classical

39.

Which Austrian composers became the greatest figures of classical music?

a)

Bach, Handel, Mozart

b)

Haydn, Bach, Beethoven

c)

Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn

d)

Handel, Bach, Haydn

40.

Which of the following were NOT causes championed by Enlightenment thinkers?

a)

abolition of serfdom and social equality of the classes

b)

divine right of kings and censorship of the press

c)

social equality of the classes

d)

separation of church and state

41.

Which of the following grievances against King George II are NOT found in the Declaration of Independence?

a)

King George III ruled like a tyrant.

b)

King George III violated the colonists’ natural rights.

c)

King George III was not a legitimate ruler of the British nation.

d)

King George III and Parliament ruled without the colonists’ consent.

42.

The Bill of Rights in the US Govt, reflects the enlightened thought of which philosophe?

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Rousseau

c)

Voltaire

d)

Astell

43.

Which portion of the U.S. Bill of Rights was inspired by the writings of Cesare Beccaria?

a)

“. . . nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted”

b)

“Congress shall make no law . . . [denying] the freedom of speech”

c)

“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion . . .”

d)

“The rights of the people . . . against unreasonable searches and seizures”

44.

Why did Nicolaus Copernicus wait until late in his life to publish his theory of a heliocentric universe?

a)

He feared criticism from politicians.

b)

He feared punishment by church officials.

c)

He had little money to hire a printer of his work.

d)

He needed to be sure of his mathematical calculations.

45.

How did Newton explain the role of God in the universe?

a)

He believed God had little interest in the problems of humanity.

b)

He believed God was periodically communicating with saints to reveal his purpose.

c)

He imagined God as a clockmaker who created an orderly universe and then left it alone.

d)

He thought that God periodically punished humans who disobeyed him with disaster or disease.

46.

The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed & had created the world, like a watchmaker, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.

a)

deism

b)

materialism

c)

skepticism

d)

theism

47.

How did Andreas Vesalius the Father of Anatomy, improve our understanding of medical science?

a)

He discovered viruses to be the cause of many diseases.

b)

He dissected human bodies to understand how they function.

c)

He experimented with vaccines to cure certain diseases such as smallpox.

d)

He promoted sanitary practices such as cleaning instruments during operations.

48.

Which of the following is an ideal promoted by eighteenth-century French intellectuals?

a)

The government of a nation should be led by a tyrant.

b)

The actions of an individual should be based on reason.

c)

The beliefs of a person should be based on superstition.

d)

The conclusions of a person should be based on assumption.

49.

Who believed in rationalism, which is the concept that actions or beliefs should be based on reason?

a)

Absolutists

b)

Monarchists

c)

Philosophes

d)

Puritans

50.

Why did Roman Catholic Church officials dislike Diderot’s Encyclopedia?

a)

The Encyclopedia promoted Protestant ideals and the church feared losing support.

b)

They wanted more articles written about the Catholic Church instead of government.

c)

The Encyclopedia rivaled their collection of church history being made available to the public.

d)

They believed that the articles unfairly criticized the church and its influence.

51.

What did attempts to censor Diderot’s Encyclopedia by the Roman Catholic Church fail to stop the spread of?

a)

Capitalist

b)

Enlightenment

c)

Socialist

d)

Utilitarian

52.

​Abolishing what practice were enlightened despots like the Prussian King Frederick II willing to institute as long as the reforms did not affect his power?​

a)

education

b)

landholdings

c)

religion

d)

torture

53.

How did the discoveries of the Scientific Revolution affect Europeans regarding religion?

a)

Europeans questioned their faith in religion.

b)

Europeans became less tolerant of other religions.

c)

Europeans began to explore the mystical aspects of religion.

d)

Europeans began to understand the similarities between world religions.

54.

The Scientific Revolution had the effect of creating a more secular, or nonreligious, society which led to a rise in what?

a)

feudalism

b)

individualism

c)

mysticism

d)

nationalism

55.

What major event did the Enlightenment ideals inspire to take place?

a)

The Glorious Revolution

b)

The American Revolutionary War

c)

The American Civil War

d)

The Bolsheviks Revolution

56.

Which English writer addressed the lack of educational opportunities to improve the status of women and wrote " A Serious Proposal to the Ladies"?

a)

Diderot

b)

Voltaire

c)

Wollstonecraft

d)

Astell

57.

What is one way salons did NOT have a greater advantage over earlier forms of communication in spreading ideas?

a)

Free to speak freely bc in private homes

b)

Access to a variety of ppl like artists, thinkers, educated ppl, scientists, etc

c)

Everyone was encouraged to share ideas

d)

The solidification of social class systems in each country

58.

Voltaire's use of satire was effective because he emphasized faults in society that were true and people could identify with them.

a)

True

b)

False

59.

Education was important to Astell & Wollstonecraft for all the following reasons except:

a)

Education was basically closed to women

b)

they believed education could help women improve themselves

c)

they believed education was the key to exercising the same rights as men

d)

they wanted traditional jobs and wanted to be more helpful wives and mothers