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Worksheets3rd 9 DCA Weeks Review
Total questions: 121
Worksheet time: 2hrs 57mins
In what process is mRNA synthesized?
Transcription
Translation
DNA Replication
Mitosis
Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur?
Nucleus
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Why must transcription occur where DNA can be found?
because DNA can't leave
because ribosomes are in the nucleus
because DNA polymerase is found there
because helicase unzips the DNA
Which of the following is a codon?
ATG
AUG
AUT
On which molecule can an anticodon be found?
mRNA
DNA
tRNA
rRNA
How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?
1
2
3
4
What process is happening in the diagram?
transcription
translation
dna replication
mitosis
Which is NOT a phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Mitosis
Duplication
Select ALL stages of Interphase
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
In which stage of the cell cycle does the cell grow in size?
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
In which stage of the cell cycle does the cell grow in size?
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
In which stage of the cell cycle does the DNA replicate?
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
A process where one cell forms two identical daughter calls is called...
cell cycle
interphase
meiosis
cytokinesis
The following describes_________________________ during mitosis. The chromatin condenses and spindle fibers form at each side of the cell. The chromosomes begin to form and nuclear membrane disappears.
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
telophase
The following describes_________________________ during mitosis. The chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to each chromosome at the centromere.
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
After mitosis is complete, the new cells:
are all identical
are half identical and half different
are all different
are all stretched out
What are the phenotype percentages of the offspring?
(A-Brown fur color; a-white fur color)
50 % Brown fur and 50% White fur
25 % Brown fur and 75% White fur
75 % Brown fur and 25% White fur
0% Brown fur and 100% White fur
A couple has three brown-eyed children. The parents are brown-eyed (Bb). The allele for brown eyes is dominant over the allele for blue eyes. They believe the fourth child they have will be blue-eyed. Which statement below explains what actually will happen?
The couple will have a blue-eyed fourth child.
The couple will have a brown-eyed fourth child.
They have a 75% chance of having a blue-eyed child.
They have a 25% chance of having a blue-eyed child.
Punnett Square #1
In plants tall is dominant to short.
Cross two heterozygous plants.
What is the genotypic ratio?
1:2:1
2:2
3:1
Punnett Square #3
In plants tall is dominant to short.
Cross one homozygous dominant with one heterozygous dominant plant.
What is the phenotypic ratio?
1:2:1
2:2
4
3:1
b= blue eyes
What is true about these two brothers that have brown eyes:
One has genotype BB the other Bb.
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
If a homozygous dominant allele (AA) is crossed with a homozygous recessive allele (aa), all of the resulting offspring will be
Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous
Homozygous Recessive
By looking at the chromosomes how can you tell that this person is biologically female?
Because there are two X chromosomes
Because there are more chromosomes than in a male
By looking at the chromosomes is this individual biologically male or female? How do you know?
Female, because they have two X chromosomes
Male, because they have one X and one Y chromosome
What is the mutation in this persons chromosomes?
There is only one X
7 is shaped like a hockey stick
There's an extra 21
1 is too curved
Different types of mutations can occur in DNA. The diagram represents a type of mutation.
A silent mutation results in the insertion of a different amino acid.
A substitution occurs with the adenine base.
A deletion of a cytosine base occurs.
A base is inserted into one strand of the DNA.
The grasslands of the Tibetan plateau are home to plateau pika, which are prey for many predators of the grasslands. The grasslands are a watershed for much of the area and drains large quantities of groundwater during the rainy season. Pikas' extensive burrows help drain groundwater rapidly and are used as nesting sites by many bird species. Many people want to eradicate pikas because they compete with livestock for grass. What will most likely happen if the plateau pikas are completely removed from the grasslands?
The ecosystem will become unstable because predators will have fewer prey, the birds will have fewer nesting sites, and the area downriver will become vulnerable to flooding without the burrows to aerate the soil and provide drainage for monsoon rains.
The ecosystem will become more stable because the pika will be replaced by other species of small mammals that can fill the niche, bird species will adapt to nesting aboveground, and the soils will become compacted without the burrows.
The ecosystem will become unstable because the predators will migrate to nearby ecosystems, the birds will nest in nearby trees, and the soils will be aerated by other small mammals.
The ecosystem will become more stable because the pika will no longer be there to eat the grasses, the birds will migrate to other ecosystems during nesting season, and the soils will be able to absorb more of the monsoon rains without the pika burrows.
Albinism is an autosomal recessive condition. Which circle graph shows the genotype probability when an albino female mates with a male that is heterozygous for the albinism trait?
Different types of mutations can occur in DNA. The diagram represents a type of mutation.
A silent mutation results in the insertion of a different amino acid.
A substitution occurs with the adenine base.
A deletion of a cytosine base occurs.
A base is inserted into one strand of the DNA.
The grasslands of the Tibetan plateau are home to plateau pika, which are prey for many predators of the grasslands. The grasslands are a watershed for much of the area and drains large quantities of groundwater during the rainy season. Pikas' extensive burrows help drain groundwater rapidly and are used as nesting sites by many bird species. Many people want to eradicate pikas because they compete with livestock for grass. What will most likely happen if the plateau pikas are completely removed from the grasslands?
The ecosystem will become unstable because predators will have fewer prey, the birds will have fewer nesting sites, and the area downriver will become vulnerable to flooding without the burrows to aerate the soil and provide drainage for monsoon rains.
The ecosystem will become more stable because the pika will be replaced by other species of small mammals that can fill the niche, bird species will adapt to nesting aboveground, and the soils will become compacted without the burrows.
The ecosystem will become unstable because the predators will migrate to nearby ecosystems, the birds will nest in nearby trees, and the soils will be aerated by other small mammals.
The ecosystem will become more stable because the pika will no longer be there to eat the grasses, the birds will migrate to other ecosystems during nesting season, and the soils will be able to absorb more of the monsoon rains without the pika burrows.
Albinism is an autosomal recessive condition. Which circle graph shows the genotype probability when an albino female mates with a male that is heterozygous for the albinism trait?
Differences in traits such as hair texture are determined by differences in —
the location of sugar groups in DNA
the sequence of nucleotides in DNA
the number of nitrogenous bases in DNA
the molecules attached to the phosphate in DNA
Researchers combined sequences of fruit-fly DNA from a gene for a particular trait with frog DNA. The mixture was heated to separate the DNA strands. Cooling allowed the single strands to form pairs. The researchers observed that some of the fruit-fly DNA paired with frog DNA. The results provide evidence that —
similar nucleotides are present in both fruit-fly and frog DNA
fruit flies and frogs can be made to develop some of the same physical traits
heat can cause mutations in the DNA sequences of organisms
the replication of genetic material can occur at any temperature
In gel electrophoresis a DNA sample from an unknown donor is placed in a small well at one end of a special gel-coated plate. Samples from known donors are placed in other wells on the plate. An electric current is passed through the plate, causing the DNA fragments to separate. The size and location of the separated fragments can be compared for similarities. The more similar the locations and sizes of the fragments, the more closely the donors of the samples are related. The diagram shows four samples being compared with an unknown sample. The donor of which sample is most closely related to the donor of the unknown sample?
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
A student researching bacteria concluded a report with the claim in the box. Which statement correctly addresses the validity of the claim?
The claim is valid because many studies and experiments have shown that bacteria disrupt homeostasis.
The claim is invalid because there are many types of bacteria that help organisms maintain homeostasis.
The claim is invalid because only microorganisms such as viruses disrupt the health of organisms.
The claim is valid because bacteria cause disease.
In Holstein cattle the allele for black hair color (B) is dominant over the allele for red hair color (b), and the allele for polled (P), or lacking horns, is dominant over the allele for having horns (p). What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring of a BbPp × BbPp cross if these alleles sort independently?
16 black/polled : 0 black/horned : 0 red/polled : 0 red/horned
12 black/polled : 0 black/horned : 0 red/polled : 4 red/horned
4 black/polled : 4 black/horned : 4 red/polled : 4 red/horned
9 black/polled : 3 black/horned : 3 red/polled : 1 red/horned
Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?
The nuclear membrane is ruptured.
Amino acids do not bond to tRNA.
A codon sequence is incorrect.
Transportation of mRNA does not occur.
Which diagram demonstrates how crossing-over contributes to genetic variety during meiosis?
A model of a biological process is shown. What is the purpose of this process?
To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division
To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template
To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code
To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids
Scientists conducted an investigation to study the possible effects of air pollution on chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in plants. The scientists gathered plants from polluted areas and unpolluted areas and then measured the presence of chlorophyll in 50 mg of plant leaves. The results are shown in the graph. Which inference do these data support?
Gene expression for chlorophyll is not affected by pollution.
Plants in polluted areas can adapt in order to survive.
Photosynthesis decreases in response to air pollution.
Cellular respiration increases in plants in polluted areas.
A student constructed this model of a section of DNA. Which statement describes this model of DNA?
The model is inaccurate because the base pairs are incorrect.
The model is accurate because it contains correctly paired bases.
The model is accurate because it shows each base splitting to form a double helix.
The model is inaccurate because some typical bases in DNA are missing.
The arctic fox inhabits northern areas of North America. The same arctic fox is shown in the drawing at different times of the year. What causes this change in fur color?
The alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older.
Gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude.
The arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth.
Gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature.
Which statement best explains the function of vesicles?
Delivering packaged materials to the Golgi apparatus for protein synthesis.
Exchanging genetic information between the Golgi apparatuses of separate cells.
Extracting portions of the Golgi apparatus to be regenerated for growth within the cell.
Transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi apparatus to be released out of the cell.
In 1980, an aggressive strain of algae known as Caulerpa was accidentally introduced into the Mediterranean Sea when a seaside aquarium cleaned out its tanks. The algae contains a toxin that prevents native herbivores from consuming it. Caulerpa spread over the sea floor, crowding out many species including sponges, corals, sea fans, and lobsters. Which statement explains the most likely impact Caulerpa has had on the biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea?
The presence of Caulerpa within the ecosystem is an indicator of the ecosystem’s health.
The spread of Caulerpa improved the habitat for many species of seas grasses, and increased biodiversity.
Caulerpa interbred with native species with the same adaptations within the ecosystem.
Caulerpa became dominant within the ecosystem and reduced the biodiversity.
In cattle, the allele for cloven hooves (H) is dominant over the allele for mule-foot hooves (h). What is the probability of cloven hooves in the offspring of parents that are heterozygous for the trait?
25%
50%
75%
100%
Fruits grown in hot climates are usually less sweet than those grown in colder temperatures. The high temperatures increase the rate of respiration in the plants, thus reducing the sugar content in some fruits. Why does increased respiration in the leaves and stems reduce the sugar content in the fruits of the plants?
Chloroplasts move from the fruits of the leaves to the stems to provide energy for respiration
The flow of nutrients shifts from the phloem to the xylem, moving nutrients away from the fruits.
Sugars are moved from the fruits to the roots for storage.
Sugars produced in the leaves are used as an energy source instead of being stored in fruits.
The table lists some organisms found in a swamp ecosystem and their sources of energy. When constructing an energy pyramid of the swamp ecosystem, which would be placed at the top of the pyramid?
Grass carp
American alligator
Eastern mud turtle
Great blue heron
The human body is composed of organ systems. Which list represents a system organized from least to most complex?
Heart --> cardiac muscle --> muscle tissue --> muscle cell
Lung tissue --> trachea --> nostrils --> circulatory system
Muscle cell --> muscle tissue --> biceps muscle --> muscular system
Integumentary system --> skin cell --> hair --> sweat glands
Scientists use zebra fish to study human genetic disease because zebra fish and humans share many of the same genetic diseases. Which statement describes why zebra fish experience similar genetic diseases as humans?
Zebra fish have an omnivorous diet similar to that of humans.
Zebra fish have nucleotide sequences similar to those of humans.
Zebra fish go through embryonic stages similar to those of humans.
Zebra fish produce gametes through a process that is similar to that of humans.
The relationships among different orders of millipedes are shown in the cladogram. Based on this cladogram, which statement best describes relationships among millipede orders?
Stemmiulida is more closely related to Merocheta than Penicillata is Merocheta.
Spirostreptida is more closely related to Glomerida than Sphaerotheriida is to Glomeridesmida.
Polyzoniida is more closely related to Glomeridesmida than Sphaerotheriida is to Glomeridesmida.
Merocheta is more closely related to Glomeridesmida than Glomerida is to Glomeridesmida.
In humans blood type is determined by the A, B, and O alleles. The A and B alleles are codominant to each other and dominant over the O allele. An individual with the AO genotype and an individual with the BO genotype can produce offspring with which of the following phenotypes?
O only
A or B only
A, B or O only
A, B, AB or O
A student used a microscope to study four members of the phylum Cilophora. Members of this phylum move when propelled by hundreds of cilia. Although these organisms belong to the same phylum, they are classified as different --
Families.
Species.
Kingdoms.
Orders.
Scientists have observed many types of tropical fish moving beyond their traditional ocean ranges into waters that have historically been more temperate. These fish compete for food with native fish, consuming much from the kelp forests and beds of sea grass. The expansion of the ranges of tropical fish was most likely caused by --
Agricultural runoff that contributes to dead zones in the ocean
Global droughts that raise the salt concentration of the ocean waters.
The rising temperatures of ocean waters.
Acid rain pollution that lowers the pH of ocean waters.
Based on the partial meadow food web shown, which organisms are direct sources of energy for secondary consumers?
Aphid, Bird, Rabbit
Ladybug, Fox, Dragonfly
Frog, Butterfly, Berries
Mouse, Snake, Hawk
The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phases of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
Mitosis
G1 Phase
G2 Phase
S Phase
A
B
C
D
F
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H
J
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