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AP Psych, Units 1-5

Total questions: 77

Worksheet time: 58mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
If a researcher wants to be able to predict if two variables are related to each other they would use
a)
experimental research
b)
correlational research
c)
case study
d)
illusory research
2.
A way to study an individual or a group is an example of ___?
a)
Naturalistic observation
b)
Case study
c)
Survey
d)
Random Sampling
3.
What is a double blind procedure?
a)
Participants don't know which group they're in
b)
Researchers don't know which group the participants are in
c)
Neither participants nor researcher knows who is in which group
d)
Both researcher and participants know who is in each group
4.
What is curious skepticism?
a)
Closed to new ideas
b)
Goes along with anything
c)
Doesn't ask questions but also doesn't accept new ideas
d)
Open to new ideas but still questions them
5.
What is a theory?
a)
An explaination using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
b)
A testable prediction
c)
A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study
d)
Allows other scientists/researchers to replicate the research
6.
If there was a boy who claimed he could see into the future, what kind of research method would you use to study him?
a)
Case study
b)
Survey
c)
Naturalistic observation
d)
Operational study
7.
All those in a group being studied is referred to as the...
a)
Random sample
b)
Representative sample
c)
Population
d)
Sampling bias
8.
If two sets relate inversely, then it has a ___ correlation
a)
Positive
b)
Negative
c)
Causation
d)
There is no correlation
9.
The best way to assure that there is no bias in a study is to have a...
a)
Control group
b)
Random assignment
c)
Confounding variable
d)
Double-blind procedure
10.
The tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that one would have foreseen it
a)
Intuition
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Perceiving order in random events
11.
Which correlation coefficient demonstrates the highest correlation?
a)
0.92
b)
-0.38
c)
-0.11
d)
0.67
12.
A graphed cluster of dots that represent the value of 2 variables is called what?
a)
Correlation
b)
Random shaping
c)
Sampling bias
d)
Scatter plot
13.
The study over a long period of time using the same group of people is called what?
a)
Longitudinal study
b)
Case study
c)
Survey
d)
Cross sectional study
14.
Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a “blank slate”?
a)
Plato
b)
John Locke
c)
René Descartes
d)
Aristotle
15.
The first psychological laboratory was established by
a)
John Watson
b)
Wilhelm Wundt
c)
Sigmund Freud
d)
William James
16.
Behaviorists dismissed the value of
a)
science.
b)
introspection.
c)
spaced practice.
d)
neuroscience.
17.
Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of
a)
thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.
b)
behavior and mental processes.
c)
conscious and unconscious mental activity.
d)
observable responses to the environment.
18.

Psychoanalytic psychology focuses mainly on:

a)

rewards and punishments

b)

self-esteem and self-actualization

c)

biology and genetics

d)

internal conflict and unconscious desires

e)

sensation and perception

19.
Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of
a)
evolution versus natural selection.
b)
continuous versus non-continuous.
c)
structuralism versus functionalism.
d)
nature versus nurture.
20.
How do cognitive approaches to learning differ from traditional behaviorist explanations? 
a)
Cognitive psychologists focus on the changes in neural networks that result from learning. 
b)
Cognitive psychologists try to explain learning from an evolutionary perspective. 
c)
Cognitive psychologists believe that learning involves some sort of thinking. 
d)
Cognitive psychologists believe that researchers should only focus on observable behaviors. 
21.
After Mr. Jones suffered a stroke, a section on the left side of his brain was severely damaged. Now, Mr. Jones lost the ability to speak fluently.
This change in his verbal skills can be best be explained using which approach?
a)
Behaviorist 
b)
Evolutionary
c)
Cognitive
d)
Biological 
22.

Which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological traits?

a)

biopsychosocial

b)

cognitive

c)

humanistic

d)

social-cultural

e)

pyschodynamic

23.

Ms. Bown uses her knowledge of a person's cognitive processes to design computer programs that are easier to use. Ms. Bown is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

a)

human factors

b)

developmental

c)

educational

d)

biological

24.

Mr. Kay is interested in whether individual differences affect learning. Mr. Kay is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

a)

school

b)

human factors

c)

clinical

d)

educational

25.
Roger is a freshman in college and is having trouble adjusting to the changes in his life.
What type of psychologist should he be referred to? 
a)
Developmental.
b)
Psychiatrist. 
c)
Clinical. 
d)
Counseling
26.

If someone is able to understand speech, but has an impaired ability to produce speech, they most likely have an injury in their...?

a)

Basal Ganglia

b)

Wernicke's Area

c)

Broca's Area

d)

Substantia Nigra

27.

This is in the brain stem, and it controls breathing.

a)

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

b)

Limbic System

c)

Hippocampus

d)

Medulla

28.

If a professor lesions the amygdala of a lab rat, the rat will most likely become...?

a)

hungry

b)

sexually aroused

c)

aphasic

d)

less aggressive

29.

Split brain patients have had their [---] surgically cut?

a)

hippocampus

b)

reticular formation

c)

sensory cortex

d)

corpus callosum

30.

A person whose hand had been amputated actually felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his face was stroked. This best illustrates consequences of...?

a)

lateralization

b)

tomography

c)

brain plasticity

d)

aphasia

31.

Which neurotransmitter helps reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

a)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

b)

Serotonin

c)

Norepinephrine

d)

Acetylcholine

32.

Dendrites...?

a)

secrete neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic neuron

b)

receive information from other neurons

c)

connect the cell body with the terminal branches

d)

speed up transmission of synaptic neurotransmitters

33.

Responsible for slowing down the body after fight or flight

a)

sympathetic nervous system

b)

central nervous system

c)

parasympathetic nervous system

d)

endocrine system

34.
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain? 
a)
visual cortex in the frontal lobe
b)
visual cortex in the temporal lobe
c)
sensory cortex in the parietal lobe
d)
visual cortex in the occipital lobe
35.
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the 
a)
motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere
b)
motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the right hemisphere
c)
motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere
d)
motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere 
36.
Antidepressant drugs like Prozac are often used to treat mood disorders. According to what you know about their function, which neurotransmitter system do these types of drugs try to affect? 
a)
serotonin
b)
adrenaline
c)
acetylcholine
d)
endorphins
37.
Scientists are able to see changes in the brain as it processes information by means of 
a)
lesioning
b)
PET
c)
CT
d)
autopsy
38.
The part of the brain most closely associated with maintaining balance and the coordination of complex sequences of movements is the 
a)
hypothalamus
b)
cerebellum
c)
medulla
d)
pons
39.
When giving directions to a stranger, you look away for a second and fail to notice that the person you were giving directions to has switched with another person.  This is called:
a)
Misdirection
b)
Sensory Adaptation
c)
Change Blindness
d)
Choice Blindness
40.
Being able to detect a single candle flame from 30 miles away on a clear dark night at least 50% of the time is known as:
a)
Weber's Law
b)
Subliminal Stimuli
c)
Difference Threshold
d)
Absolute Threshold
41.
Mary is texting while driving.  She fails to notice the car in front of her has stopped for a red light.  She subsequently crashes into the car.  The reason for the crash is due to
a)
Change Blindness
b)
Choice Blindness
c)
Cocktail Party Effect
d)
Selective Attention
42.
Which type of processing looks at the whole picture and uses previous experiences to make determinations?
a)
Top-down processing
b)
Bottom-up processing
c)
Concurrent processing
d)
Parallel processing
43.
Which part of the eye uses accommodation to see the image clearly?
a)
Retina
b)
Blind Spot
c)
Lens
d)
Iris
44.
Which theory of color vision states that the thalmaus will produce afterimages of black-white, red-green, and blue-yellow colors when overly stimulated?
a)
Young-Helmholtz
b)
Place
c)
Parallel Processing
d)
Opponent Processing
45.
Billy feels really dizzy after riding a rollercoaster at the local state fair.  His dizziness is caused by his
a)
cochlea
b)
vestibular sense
c)
kinesthesis sense
d)
thalamus
46.
Experiencing depth, form, color and motion simultaneously in the brain is known as
a)
Opponent Processing
b)
Parallel Processing
c)
Trichromatic Processing
d)
Top-Down Processing
47.

The body' biological clock, these occur in the body every 24 hours.

a)

Brain waves

b)

Circadian Rythms

c)

Sleep Cycle

d)

Manifest Content

48.

A type of brain wave associated with alertness and wakefulness.

a)

Beta

b)

Alpha

c)

Theta

d)

Delta

49.

A type of brain wave associated with feeling relaxed/drowsy.

a)

Beta

b)

Alpha

c)

Theta

d)

Delta

50.

A type of brain wave associated with feeling relaxed/drowsy but slower than alpha waves.

a)

Beta

b)

Alpha

c)

Theta

d)

Delta

51.
22 year old Dan has an intelligence score of 63 and the academic skills of a 4th grader. He is unable to live independently.  Dan probably
a)
has an exceptional need/intellectual disability
b)
has savant syndrome
c)
will eventually achieve self supporting social and vocational skills
d)
is a divergent thinker
52.
At age 16 Angel's intelligence score was 110.  What will her score probably be at age 32?
a)
125
b)
110
c)
115
d)
There is no basis for predicting an individual's future IQ
53.
Amelia recently took a test that assessed her ability to perform at the University level. The test she took was the 
a)
Graduation Exam
b)
WISC
c)
SAT
d)
None of these tests because they are all achievement tests
54.
Melvin has been diagnosed as having savant syndrome, which means
a)
he has an IQ of 120 or higher
b)
would score high on a test of analytical intelligence
c)
is limited in mental ability but has 1 exceptional ability
d)
was exposed to high levels of testosterone during prenatal development
55.
Jack takes the same test of mechanical reasoning on several different days and gets virtually identical scores.  This suggests that the test has
a)
high content validity
b)
high reliability
c)
high predictive validity
d)
been standardized
56.
Before becoming attorneys, law students must pass a special licensing exam, which is an _______ test.  before entering college, high school students must take the ACT, which is an ________test.
a)
achievement; aptitude
b)
aptitude; achievement
c)
achievement; achievement
d)
aptitude; aptitude
57.
If you compare the same trait in people of similar heredity who live in different environments, heritability for that trait will be __; heritability for the trait is most likely to be __ among people of different hereditites who live in similar environments.
a)
low; high
b)
high; low
c)
environmental; genetic
d)
genetic; environmental
58.
Don's intelligence scores were only average, but he has been very successful as a corporate manager.  This suggests:
a)
Don's verbal intel exceeds his performance intel
b)
Don's performance intel exceeds his verbal
c)
Don's academic intel exceeds his practical intel
d)
Don's practical intel exceeds his academic intel
59.
A psychologist uses statistics to show a cluster of intelligence topics such as (spatial ability & verbal intel) that are related to one another.  This psychologist is probably using
a)
the WAIS
b)
the IQ formula
c)
factor analysis
d)
the standardization formula
60.
Negative reinforcement _______ the rate of a response; punishment ______ the rate of a response.
a)
Increases; decreases
b)
Decreases; increases
c)
Decreases; decreases
d)
Increases; does not affect
61.
The behavior that would be most difficult to extinguish would be the one that was:
a)
Reinforced every time it occurred 
b)
Shaped
c)
Reinforced intermittently
d)
Reinforced by your parents
62.
Which of the following scenarios illustrates a variable interval schedule of reinforcement?
a)
Receiving a paycheck every two weeks
b)
Holding regular, but unpredictable, fire drills
c)
Earning a prize for every five books read in the library’s summer reading program
d)
Receiving five additional vacation days for each year of employment at a company
63.

Attention, memory, imitation and motivation are the four elements required for the process of:

a)

Insight learning

b)

Latent learning

c)

Observational (social) learning

d)

Spontaneous recovery

64.
John Watson and his colleague, Rosalie Rayner, offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the _____________ in their study.
a)
discriminative stimulus
b)
conditioned stimulus
c)
unconditioned stimulus
d)
extinguished stimulus
65.
Anything that seeks to continue a desired behavior by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of undesired stimulus is called __.
a)
Negative Reinforcement
b)
Punishment
c)
Positive Reinforcement
d)
Partial Reinforcement
66.
According to _________ theory, you not consciously aware of how external stimuli have shaped your behavioral responses.  
a)
Constructive memory
b)
repressive memory
c)
episodic memory
d)
priming
67.
With regards to ground beef, consumers respond more positively to an ad describing it as “75 percent lean” than to one referring to its “25 percent fat” content. This is an example of:
a)
The framing effect
b)
Confirmation bias
c)
Mental set
d)
Overconfidence
68.

What are the 3 stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) toward STRESS?

a)

Alarm, fight, relaxation

b)

Alarm, Control, Exhaustion

c)

Resistance, Alarm, Relaxation

d)

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

69.
Brian ate a tuna salad sandwich that had become tainted from being in the sun too long.  Not long after eating, Brian became extremely nauseated and felt awful.  After that, even the sight of a tuna sandwich caused Brian to feel nauseated.  In this scenario, what is the conditioned response (CR)?
a)
tuna
b)
nausea
c)
mayo
d)
sight of any sandwich
70.

If you get violently ill a couple of hours after eating contaminated food, you will probably develop an aversion to the taste of that food but not to the sight of the restaurant where you ate it. This best illustrates that associative learning is constrained by

a)

intrinsic motivation

b)

spontaneous recovery

c)

biological predispositions

d)

conditioned reinforcers

71.

Maddie gets a speeding ticket, and her parents take her car away for 2 weeks. What type of Operational Conditioning is taking place?

a)

positive punishment

b)

negative punishment

c)

positive reinforcement

d)

negative reinforcement

72.
 Leah is interested in helping her daughter learn manners. Each time her daughter says something that is close to appropriate, she rewards her. Eventually, her daughter should learn good manners. What term is explained by this process?
a)
shaping
b)
habituation 
73.
 When an animal receives a punishment but learns that pressing a button will eliminate the punishment, escape learning takes place. However, if there is no response that will turn off the shock, the situation is best described as what?
a)
avoidance learning
b)
learned helplessness
74.

The sudden realization of a problem's solution is known as

a)

coping

b)

self-control

c)

latent learning

d)

insight

75.

For people who believe that others or outside forces (like luck or horoscopes) control their destiny is called?

a)

internal locus of control

b)

coping

c)

external locus of control

d)

self-control

76.

A particular group of brain cells seems to provide a basis for observational learning. Researchers call these specialized cells...

a)

Efferent neurons

b)

Afferent neurons

c)

Mirror neurons

d)

Motor neurons

e)

Schwann cells

77.
Marie works in a dress factory where she earns $10 for each three dresses she hems. Marie is paid on a
a)
variable ratio
b)
fixed interval
c)
fixed ratio
d)
variable interval

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