A concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments

The study of all chemicals containing carbon

The study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon.

The study of processes that take place in organisms

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.

A physical blend of two or more components.

A homogeneous mixture

A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout.

A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout.

The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties.

A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion.

A substance present at the start of the reaction

A substance produced in the reaction

States that in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved.

A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

A form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.

A form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container. (indefinite shape and volume)

A measure of how close a measurement comes to the actual or true value of whatever is measured.

A measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another.

The correct value based on reliable references.

The value measured in the lab.

A force that measures the pull on a given mass by gravity

A measure of how hot or cold an object is

An _______ is the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction.

The _________ is the tiny central core of an atom and is composed of protons and neutrons.

The _________ of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is called the ______________.

The ___________ of an element is a weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element.

Each horizontal row of the periodic table is called a ___________.

Each vertical column of the periodic table is called a _________, or family.

The lowest-energy arrangement of electrons in a subshell is obtained by putting electrons into separate orbitals of the subshell before pairing electrons.

An atomic orbital can hold no more than two electrons.

This principle states that electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first.

The distance between two adjacent crests of an electromagnetic wave

These are sometimes produced when light shines on metals.

The ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms

When the electron has its lowest possible energy

Excitation of the electron by absorbing energy raises the atom from the ground state to this state

A vertical column of elements in the periodic table; the constituent elements of a group have similar chemical and physical properties

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

The lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound

The electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together

Negatively charged ions

Positively charged ions

Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element’s atoms.

In forming compounds, atoms tend to react so as to acquire the stable electron configuration of a noble gas.

A diagram that shows valence electrons as dots

A covalent bond between two atoms of different electronegativities in which the bonding electrons are not shared equally

A covalent bond formed by the equal sharing of bonding elections by two atoms