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Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

An idea that represents a class, category, object, event, or activity is

a)

Prototype

b)

Concept

c)

Logarithm

d)

Heuristic

2.

Which method of problem solving is fast but not too accurate

a)

Algorithim

b)

Trial and error

c)

Schema

d)

Heuristic

3.

If someone fails to think about using an object outside its intended use is called

a)

Functional fixedness

b)

Mental Set

c)

Confirmation Bias

d)

Creativity

4.

Which theory of intelligence uses the triarchic theory

a)

Gardner

b)

Sternberg

c)

Spearman

d)

Boiser

5.

The smallest unit of meaning in language

a)

Syntax

b)

Diphones

c)

Morphemes

d)

Phonemes

6.
Experts in a given field prefer heuristics to algorithms because heuristics:
a)
Guarantee solutions to problems
b)
Prevent mental sets
c)
Often save time
d)
Prevent fixation
7.
A problem solving strategy that often includes a formula and guarantees an answer to the problem is a(n)
a)
subgoal
b)
prototype
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heurisitc
8.
Complete the following analogy: rose is to flower as ____________ is to ____________.
a)
Concept is to prototype
b)
Prototype is to concept
c)
Concept is to hierarchy
d)
Hierarchy is to concept
9.
Which of the following is an example of the use of heuristics?
a)
Trying every possible combination of letters when unscrambling a word
b)
Considering each possible move when playing chess
c)
Using the formula “area=length x width” to find the area of a rectangle
d)
Playing chess using a defensive strategy that has often been successful for you
10.
If we know that all dogs have tails, and thus poodles must have tails, we are demonstrating ___________ reasoning.
a)
Determined
b)
Deductive 
c)
Insight
d)
Inductive
11.
IQ = _________age/chronological age X 100
a)
Fundamental
b)
Mental
c)
Actual
d)
Legal
12.
Validity is...
a)
When tests are administered and scored the same way every time.
b)
The ability to measure what the test was intended to measure
c)
The moment when a test becomes legitimate.  
d)
A test that validates a students intelligence.  
13.
Standardization is...
a)
The ability to measure what the test was intended to measure
b)
Tests must be administered and scored the same way every time.
c)
The idea that the test must be the same in all 50 states.
d)
Having a test that produces similar results across multiple cross-sections of students.  
14.
96% of people fall within 30 points of what IQ score?
a)
80
b)
90
c)
100
d)
110
15.
This individual developed the first Intelligence test to help children in French schools
a)
Pierre Stanford
b)
Francois Simon
c)
Alfred Binet
d)
Philip Mayer
16.

The utterance “likes dog my swim to” does not sound correct because it violates the rules of

a)

lexicon

b)

prosody

c)

syntax

d)

fast mapping

e)

morphemes

17.

When Joe arrives at the library, he can choose from any of several strategies that might help him find the book he needs. He could examine all the books on every shelf, and be certain that he would eventually find the book he wants, but this strategy would take too long. Joe decides instead to ask a librarian to direct him to the appropriate section of the library. Joe is using

a)

fixation

b)

a mental set

c)

a prototype

d)

a heuristic

e)

an algorithm

18.

Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This is best explained by Raj’s having developed which of the following for door opening?

a)

Accommodation

b)

Object permanence

c)

Conservation

d)

A mental set

e)

Divergent thinking

19.

Mikayla, a high school student strongly opposed to video game use, is researching the topic for a speech she will deliver to her English class. Rather than searching for “the effects of video games,” Mikayla searches for “the dangers of video games” and finds hundreds of Web sites with information she can use to argue her position. Her behavior is an example of

a)

Self-serving bias

b)

Confirmation Bias

c)

Functional Fixedness

d)

Insight

e)

Overconfidence

20.

People respond more favorably when they are faced with a 95 percent success rate than with a 5 percent failure rate because of

a)

framing

b)

intuition

c)

overconfidence

d)

belief perseverance

e)

the representativeness heuristic

21.
A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of how easily other instances of the event are available in memory is called the:
a)
Availability heuristic
b)
Availability algorithm
c)
Representativeness heuristic
d)
Representativeness algorithm
22.
When Janice forgot to pack a pillow for her camping trip she used her down-jacket as a substitute pillow. In this situation Janice:
a)
Was not constrained by functional fixedness
b)
Was constrained by a mental set
c)
Was constrained by functional fixedness
d)
Used an algorithm to solve her problem
23.
Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates:
a)
The representativeness heuristic
b)
The framing effect
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Belief perseverance
24.
Rudy is 6 feet tall, weighs 210 pounds, and is very muscular. If you think that Rudy is more likely to be a basketball player than a computer programmer , you are a victim of:
a)
Belief bias
b)
The availability heuristic
c)
A mental set
d)
The representativeness heuristic
25.
Whorf’s linguistic determination hypothesis states that:
a)
Language is primarily a learned ability
b)
Language is partially an innate ability
c)
The size of a person’s vocabulary reflects his or her intelligence
d)
Our language shapes our thinking
26.
Compared to divergent thinkers, convergent thinkers are more likely to:
a)
Think "outside the box" when problem solving
b)
Generate many different solutions when problem solving
c)
Choose to problem solve using an algorithm rather than a heuristic
d)
Use representative heuristics to problem solve
27.
Phonemes are best defined as: 
a)
The smallest meaningful combination of sounds in a language
b)
The basic sounds of consonants and vowels
c)
Something that specifies the meaning of words and phrases
d)
A special form of communication
28.
There is evidence to support the idea that there is an inborn tendency to absorb language. Which of the following psychologists would agree with this statement?
a)
Chomsky
b)
Whorf
c)
Skinner
d)
Sapir
29.
The chimpanzee Sultan used a short stick to pull a longer stick into his cage. He then used the longer stick to reach a piece of fruit. Researchers hypothesized that Sultan’s discovery of the solution to his problem was the result of:
a)
Trial and error
b)
Heuristics
c)
Insight
d)
Mental set
30.
Jack takes the same test of mechanical reasoning on several different days and gets virtually identical scores.  This suggests that the test has
a)
high content validity
b)
high reliability
c)
high predictive validity
d)
been standardized
31.
Before becoming attorneys, law students must pass a special licensing exam, which is an _______ test.  before entering college, high school students must take the ACT, which is an ________test.
a)
achievement; aptitude
b)
aptitude; achievement
c)
achievement; achievement
d)
aptitude; aptitude
32.
A psychologist uses statistics to show a cluster of intelligence topics such as (spatial ability & verbal intel) that are related to one another.  This psychologist is probably using
a)
the WAIS
b)
the IQ formula
c)
factor analysis
d)
the standardization formula
33.
A 6 yr old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9 yr old was said to have a mental age of
a)
6
b)
9
c)
66
d)
150
34.
Stereotype threat is most likely to depress female students' performance on a difficult ____ test and to depress male students' performance on a difficult ___test.
a)
math problem-solving; verbal fluency
b)
verbal fluency; math problem-solving
c)
spatial abilities; athletic abilities
d)
athletic abilities; spatial abilities
35.
Your friend Ashley is able to control her feelings in meetings even when she disagrees with her peers.  Ashley has high
a)
social intelligence
b)
creative intelligence
c)
emotional intelligence
d)
linguistic  intelligence
36.
What is IQ composed of?
a)
mental age
b)
GPA
c)
chronological age
d)
mental & chronological age
37.

the study of the meaning of language

a)

language

b)

semantics

c)

morpheme

d)

phoneme

38.

"elephants are larger than mice" is an example of what concept

a)

disjunctive

b)

conjunctive

c)

simple

d)

relational

39.

how many phonemes in the word psychology

a)

5

b)

6

c)

7

d)

8

40.

how many phonemes in the word chin

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

41.

how many morphemes in the word redevelopment

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

42.

how many morphemes in the word waited

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

43.

The “aha” experience, or suddenly realizing the solution to a problem, is called

a)

functional fixedness

b)

a concept.

c)

symbolic thinking

d)

insight

44.
  Dr. Mendoza is studying the mental strategies people use when solving problems. Dr. Mendoza is clearly a(n): 
a)
Cognitive psychologist
b)
Experimental psychologist
c)
Organizational psychologist
d)
Developmental psychologist
45.
A common problem in everyday reasoning is our tendency to:
a)
Accept as logical those conclusions that agree with our own opinions
b)
Accept as logical those conclusions that disagree with our own opinions
c)
Underestimate the accuracy of our knowledge
d)
Accept as logical those conclusions that involve unfamiliar concepts
46.
A dessert recipe that gives you the ingredients, their amounts and the steps to follow is an example of a(n):
a)
Prototype
b)
Algorithm
c)
Heuristic
d)
Mental set
47.
When the word “oat” is changed to the word “boat,” the number of:
a)
Phonemes increases, but the number of morphemes stays the same 
b)
Phonemes and morphemes are both increased
c)
Phonemes and morphemes both stay the same
d)
Phonemes stays the same, but the number of morphemes increases
48.
Rudy is 6 feet tall, weighs 210 pounds, and is very muscular. If you think that Rudy is more likely to be a basketball player than a computer programmer , you are a victim of:
a)
Belief bias
b)
The availability heuristic
c)
A mental set
d)
The representativeness heuristic
49.

What does the distribution of IQ scores on a graph look like?

a)

a downward slope

b)

a bell curve

c)

an S-curve

d)

an upward slope

50.
Spearman's g factor refers to
a)
the genetic contribution to intelligence.
b)
a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
c)
a highly developed skill or talent possessed by a person with an otherwise limited mental ability.
d)
the ability to understand and regulate emotions.

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