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Uses of Radiation

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 1hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Is radioactive decay 'spontaneous' ?

a)

yes

b)

no

c)

sometimes

2.

Is radioactive decay 'random' ?

a)

yes

b)

no

c)

sometimes

3.

Which best describes what happens during radioactive decay?

a)

the emission of radioactivity

b)

the build up of radioactivity

c)

the splitting of radioactivity

d)

the expansion of radioactivity

4.

During radioactive decay, the element can change?

a)

true

b)

false

5.

During radioactive decay ....?

a)

another element might be made

b)

another element is always made

c)

another element is never made

6.
What percent of carbon-14 would be left after 5730 years?
a)
100%
b)
75%
c)
50%
d)
25%
7.
What is the half-life of iodine-131?
a)
32 days
b)
8 days
c)
16 days
d)
24 days
8.
146C has a half life of 5730 years, how many years would it take the 4.0 g sample to decay to 0.25 g?
a)
4 years
b)
5730 years
c)
22,920 years
d)
28,650 years
9.
If the half-life of uranium-232 is 70 years, how many half-lives will it take for 10 g of it to be reduced to 1.25 g?
a)
1 half-life
b)
2 half-lives
c)
3 half-lives
d)
4 half-lives
10.
What type of decay is being illustrated in following picture? 
a)
beta decay
b)
alpha decay 
11.

In the early twentieth century the apparatus shown in the diagram was used to investigate atomic structure. When He2+ particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold, most of the particles were detected at point P. What conclusion can be drawn from the detection of He2+ particles at point P?

a)

Gold atoms contain electrons.

b)

Gold atoms contain protons.

c)

Gold atoms contain neutrons.

d)

Gold atoms are mainly empty space.

12.

When He2+ particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold, about 1 in 8000 of the particles were detected at point Q. What conclusion can be drawn from the detection of He2+ particles at point Q?

a)

Gold atoms have a small, positive nucleus.

b)

Gold atoms have electrons in orbitals.

c)

Gold consists of ions in a sea of delocalised electrons.

d)

Gold atoms have more protons than He2+ particles.

13.

Which of these correctly shows the numbers of sub-atomic particles in a 41K+ ion?

a)

Number of electrons: 19, Number of protons: 19, Number of neutrons: 20

b)

Number of electrons: 18, Number of protons: 20, Number of neutrons: 21

c)

Number of electrons: 18, Number of protons: 19, Number of neutrons: 22

d)

Number of electrons: 19, Number of protons: 18, Number of neutrons: 23

14.

Which of these correctly shows the numbers of sub-atomic particles in a 21Na+ ion?

a)

Number of electrons: 11, Number of protons: 11, Number of neutrons: 10

b)

Number of electrons: 10, Number of protons: 12, Number of neutrons: 9

c)

Number of electrons: 10, Number of protons: 11, Number of neutrons: 10

d)

Number of electrons: 11, Number of protons: 10, Number of neutrons: 11

15.

Which of these correctly shows the numbers of sub-atomic particles in a 42Ca2+ ion?

a)

Number of electrons: 20, Number of protons: 20, Number of neutrons: 22

b)

Number of electrons: 18, Number of protons: 21, Number of neutrons: 21

c)

Number of electrons: 18, Number of protons: 20, Number of neutrons: 22

d)

Number of electrons: 20, Number of protons: 19, Number of neutrons: 23

16.

Which model of the atom is denoted as the "plum pudding" model?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

17.
This model this model was the first to show a nucleus, consisting of protons and neutron.  Electrons surround the nucleus but are not shown in distinct energy levels. 
a)
The "Rutherford Model" of the atom
b)
The "Plum Pudding Model" of the atom
c)
The "Quantum Mechanical Modell" of the atom
d)
Democritus's model of the atom
18.
This model added on to previous models by showing electrons existed at certain "energy levels". However it does not accurately show what those levels look like.
a)
The "Bohr Model" of the atom
b)
The "Rutherford Model" of the atom
c)
The "Plumb Pudding Model" of the atom
d)
The "Quantum Mechanical Model" of the atom
19.
This model was developed after J.J. Thompson discovered electrons, a particle smaller than an atom. Is shows electrons floating freely in a positive space.
a)
The "Plum Pudding Model" of the atom
b)
The "Rutherford Model" of the atom
c)
Democritus's model of the atom
d)
The "Quantum Mechanical Model" of the atom
20.
Ernest Rutherford discovered that atoms were mostly _________________. 
a)
negatively charged
b)
positively charged
c)
electrons
d)
empty space. 
21.

An atom in which the number of protons is greater than the number of neutrons is:

a)

234U

b)

6Li

c)

3He

d)

2H

22.

Which of these atoms has the smallest number of neutrons?

a)

3H

b)

4He

c)

5He

d)

4Li

23.

Americium-241 (24195Am) is an isotope of americium. Which of the isotopes given in the table below is not an isotope of americium?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

24.

The graph shows how the number of americium-241 nuclei in a sample changes with time. How many years does it take for the number of americium-241 nuclei to decrease from 10,000 to 5,000?

a)

430 years

b)

500 years

c)

400 years

d)

800 years

25.

A teacher used a Geiger-Muller tube and counter to measure the number of counts in 2 minutes for a radioactive rock. The counter recorded 980 counts in two minutes. The background radiation count rate was 0.25 counts per second. Calculate the count rate for the rock.

a)

7.92 per second

b)

8.16 per second

c)

490 per second

d)

489.75 per second

26.

A householder is worried about the radiation emitted by the granite worktop in his kitchen. 1 kg of granite has an activity of 1250 Bq. The kitchen worktop has a mass of 180 kg. Calculate the activity of the kitchen worktop in Bq.

a)

225,000 Bq

b)

6.94 Bq

c)

0.144 Bq

d)

25,000 Bq

27.

In an experiment, a teacher put a 2 mm thick lead sheet in front of a radioactive source. She used a detector and counter to measure the radiation passing through the lead sheet in one minute. She then put different numbers of lead sheets, each 2 mm thick, in front of the radioactive source and measured the radiation passing through in one minute. The readings taken by the teacher are plotted in the graph. How does the amount of radiation transmitted by the lead change as the total thickness of the lead is increased?

a)

it increases

b)

it decreases

c)

it stays constant

28.

An atom that loses an electron is called an _____________________and has an overall _________________________ charge.

a)

ion ; positive

b)

ion ; negative

c)

isotope ; positive

d)

ion ; neutral

29.

Carbon-14 and carbon-12 are two of the isotopes of carbon. The nucleus of a carbon-12 atom has the same number of ________________ as the nucleus of a carbon-14 atom.

a)

protons

b)

neutrons

c)

electrons

30.

State the number of neutrons in an atom of iodine-135 (13553I)

a)

78

b)

82

c)

131

d)

53

31.

The graph shows how the number of americium-241 nuclei in a sample changes with time. What is the half-life of americium-241?

a)

430 years

b)

500 years

c)

400 years

d)

800 years

32.

The half-life of As-81 is 33s. How long does it take for a 100g sample of As-81 to decay to 6.25g?

a)

33 seconds

b)

66 seconds

c)

2.2 minutes

d)

5.5 minutes

33.

How old is a bone if it presently contains 0.3125g of carbon-14 and it was estimated to originally contain 80g? The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.

a)

5730 years old

b)

11460 years old

c)

45840 years old

d)

22920 years old

34.

Sodium-25 was to be used in an experiment, but it took 3 minutes to get the sodium from the reactor to the laboratory. If 5 mg of sodium-25 was removed from the reactor, how many mg of sodium-25 would be available to use in the laboratory? The half-life of Na-25 is 60 seconds.

a)

5 mg

b)

0.625 mg

c)

2.5 mg

d)

1.25 mg

35.

Use the graph to determine the half-life of the radioactive sample. The x-axis label is time in seconds

a)

1 minute

b)

20 seconds

c)

40 seconds

d)

80 seconds

36.

State the likely count rate after 180 seconds

a)

20 counts per minute

b)

10 counts per minute

c)

5 counts per minute

d)

2 counts per minute

37.

The graph shows how the count rate from a sample of technetium-99 changes with time. State the half-life of technetium-99.

a)

6 hours

b)

4 hours

c)

12 hours

d)

18 hours

38.

The graph shows how the count rate from a sample of technetium-99 changes with time. What would the count rate be after 24 hours?

a)

9.38 counts per minute

b)

75 counts per minute

c)

37.5 counts per minute

d)

18.75 counts per minute

39.

The graph shows how the count rate of a sample of iodine-131 changed over 24 days. What is the half-life of iodine-131?

a)

8 days

b)

4 days

c)

16 days

d)

24 days

40.

U‐238 has a half‐life of 4.46 billion years. How much U‐238 was present initially if 2 grams remains after 13.38 billion years?

a)

0.5 g

b)

1 g

c)

8 g

d)

4 g

41.

What two things are nuclear radiation used for in hospitals? (Select both)

a)

Exploration of internal organs

b)

Control or destruction of unwanted tissue

c)

Type of radiation

d)

Half-life of source

42.

What factors need to be considered when assessing the risk of using radiation?

a)

Exploration of internal organs

b)

Control or destruction of unwanted tissue

c)

Type of radiation

d)

Half-life of source

43.
What is Half-life?
a)
The amount of time it takes for some of the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay
b)
The amount of time it takes for half the electrons in a sample of the isotope to decay
c)
The amount of time it takes for half the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay
d)
the amount of time it takes to double the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay
44.
what's the half life of this substance?
a)
1 day
b)
2 days
c)
3 days
d)
4 days
45.
146C has a half-life of 5730 years how many grams of a 4.0 g sample would be left after 3.5 half-lives?
a)
1.0 g
b)
0.5 g
c)
0.38 g
d)
None would be left
46.
Which type of nuclear radiation is being emitted here?
a)
Alpha
b)
beta
c)
gamma 
d)
none
47.
What is the half life of Polonium-218 if 0.0625 grams remains of a 2.00 gram original sample after 15 minutes? 
a)
5 minutes
b)
3 minutes
c)
15 minutes
d)
7.5 min
48.

What does ionising radiation do when it hits living tissue ?

a)

causes mutations

b)

shrinks cells

c)

enlarges cells

d)

freezes cells

e)

dissolves cells

49.

What can cause cancer?

a)

contamination from alpha

b)

contamination from beta

c)

irradiation from alpha

d)

irradiation from beta

e)

all of these options

50.

What can cause damage to DNA?

a)

contamination from alpha

b)

contamination from beta

c)

irradiation from alpha

d)

irradiation from beta

e)

all of these options

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