WorksheetsBig Midterm Review
Total questions: 87
Worksheet time: 46mins
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Italian Renaissance?
emphasis on the individual
glorification of human achievement
steadfast support for the church's leading role in society
new attempts to reconcile the pagan philosophy of the Greco-Roman world with Christian thought
Divine right monarchy was a term used to refer to
a king's power derived from God
the pope's authority over bishops
the rights of subjects under a king
the requirement that kings be ordained by the pope
Florence was to the Italian Renaissance what
Constantinople was to the development of the Islamic cultural revival of the 13th century
Moscow was to the Northern Renaissance
Athens was to classical Greek culture
Madrid was to western European Jewish intellectual life after 1492
Machiavelli's book The Prince is regarded as a definitive text on the art of ruthless, self-serving politics and the author is described, by some, as the father of modern political theory. Many scholars believe Machiavelli drew inspiration from the life and acts of
Francisco Sforza
Cesare Borgia
Frederick Barbarossa
Bartolomeo Colleoni
Italy remained disunited for many reasons, EXCEPT
the pope could not unit Italy because of the Avignon papacy
religious conflict in the 16th century
conflicting economic interests of the various city-states
constant attacks and occupations by foreign powers
Italian humanism gave rise to
Greek becoming the official literary language of the Renaissance writers
the welfare state
the movement toward writing in the vernacular in Europe
the movement known as liberation theology
Gutenberg's printing press opened the door to widespread dissemination of books and pamphlets in the early years of the Renaissance. This had a profound effect on daily life in many ways including
allowing people to read alone rather than listening to someone recite out loud
encouraging the scholarship of Latin among the poorer classes
nurturing a sense of individual identity
creating a sense of "One Europe"
Which of the following most clearly distinguishes the northern Renaissance from the Italian Renaissance?
interest in science and technology
greater concern with religious piety
cultivation of a Latin style
growth of national language in literature
All of the following reasons best describe why Poland experienced the Renaissance and Russia did not EXCEPT
Poland was a Roman Catholic country while Russia was Eastern Orthodox and under the cultural influence of the Byzantine Empire
Poland was at the heart of the Holy Roman Empire while Russia was not
Russia was cut off from cultural and intellectual trends coming from western Europe by the Mongol occupation (1240-1480)
Poland was geographically closer to Rome and the Italian city-states where the Renaissance began
According to Baldassare Castiglione, the goal of the education system in the 16th century was to
provide a practical education in construction and commerce
offer the same learning opportunities to boys and girls
phase out the study of the classics in favor of more practical "career" and technical disciplines
provide a young man with a well-rounded education including knowledge of the arts, mathematics, and oration skills
Sandro Botticelli's two famous works, The Birth of Venus and La Primavera,
convey the spiritual appeal of the afterlife
portray nature and humans realistically
are dominated by pagan themes
illustrate the dominance of males over females
Florence's Filippo Brunelleschi is considered one of the founding fathers of the Italian Renaissance. His seminal work in Florence is the
Ponte Vecchio
The Gates of Paradise on the Baptistry
The Dome of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore
The Uffizi Palace
Nicholas Copernicus' major contribution to scientific knowledge was
the discovery of the laws of gravitational pull
the universe was heliocentric
the development of calculus
the development of the period table of elements
What effect did the Scientific Revolution have on the authority of the Catholic Church?
It strengthened its intellectual authority since most scientists of the 16th century were Catholic.
It weakened its authority since more natural phenomena that had been traditionally left to the clerical leaders were now being explained through scientific inquiry.
The Catholic Church worked closely with the scientific community to develop methods that would alleviate suffering on earth.
It led to the Protestant Reformation.
Despite the new emphasis on observation and scientific method, the study of alchemy and astrology continued to be popular among the many elites during the 15th and 16th centuries because the two areas of study
offered an exciting viewpoint on the natural world
imposed a kind of scientific order on nature of materials and the cosmos
promised to create riches through chemistry and foretelling of future events
provided entertainment for the wealthy classes
Which of the following was NOT a result of the Hundred Years War?
France became more united
England became more united
Cannons and firearms became more commonly used in war
The British Parliament expanded its powers as the monarch needed money for war
Which of the following is true about the Wars of the Roses?
They were a clear ideological struggle between the combatants
They began with the end of the Thirty Years' War
They ended with the accession of Henry VIII to the throne
They began with the end of the Hundred Years' War
Which is a result of the Wars of the Roses?
They ended with the victory of the House of York
Many nobles died, hastening the end of feudalism
The Black Death was spread by the marauding armies
Many saw the importance of maintaining private armies for nobles
Which of the following states proved to be the exception to the trend of centralization?
England
the Holy Roman Empire
France
Spain
Charles V was on of along line of Austrian rulers of the Holy Roman Empire (1452-1806) from which family?
Hapsburg
Tudor
Valois
Hohenzollern
All of the following were methods that monarchs in Russia, France, and Spain employed to consolidate their rule EXCEPT
promoting ethnic and religious nationalism
breaking the independent power of the nobility
securing control over levying taxes
establishing a close but dominant relationship with the Christian Church in their lands
Identify the nation by the list of ruling families
-Aragon
-Castile
-Trastamara
-Hapsburg
England
France
Spain
Holy Roman Empire
Identify the nation by the list of ruling families.
-Lancaster
-York
-Tudor
-Stuart
England
France
Spain
Holy Roman Empire
Identify the nation by the list of ruling families.
-Valois
-Bourbon
England
France
Spain
Holy Roman Empire
Identify the nation by the list of ruling families.
-Hapsburg
-Hapsburg-Lorraine
England
France
Spain
Holy Roman Empire
The major obstacle preventing the growth of monarchies in southeastern Europe was
the conquest and occupation of that part of Europe by the Ottoman Turks
the patriarchs of the carious Eastern Orthodox Churches worked to limit the power of monarchs
the low education level of the ruling dynasties
the mountainous terrain of the Balkans, which prohibited large-scale consolidation of territory
Besides religious doctrinal disputes, the major issue behind the wars in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries was
how to divide colonies between the emerging imperialist European powers
how to contain the growing military threat of Sweden
how to contain the expansionist ambitions of France
the struggle between the decentralizing tendencies of local princes and the centralizing efforts of national monarchs
As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the Holy Roman Emperor agreed that German princes should
become Protestant
execute anyone who had fought in the Peasants' Revolt
burn all copies of the Ninety-Five Theses
be able to choose whether their lands would be Catholic or Lutheran
What effect did the Thirty Years' War have on the German-speaking population between 1618-1650?
About 1/3 of the population perished.
It stayed the same.
Soldiers from Sweden resettled int eh Holy Roman Empire, increasing its population slightly.
The population doubled.
In 1640, Charles I called Parliament into session because he
needed money to pursue his war against France
became a supporter of democratic principles
wanted to change his religion
needed money to suppress a rebellion in Scotland
Louis XIV supported all of the following EXCEPT
the building of the Palace of Versailles
cooperation with the Estates General
art and culture
the policies of Cardinal Mazarin
Cardinal Richelieu's chief goal was
to destroy the nobles' and Huguenots' power
to increase papal influence over the French king
to avoid alliances with Protestant countries
to conquer England
In the first half of the 17th century, King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden played a key role in European affairs by
opposing the expansionist plans of Cardinal Richelieu of France
acting as intermediary between Catholic and Lutheran governments
leading a Protestant coalition against Catholic Europe
allying with Hapsburg Spain to challenge British sea power
The period of political instability in Russia known as the Time of Troubles
led to the occupation of the country by the Mongols
resulted in the beginning of the Romanov dynasty
led to the split in the Russian Orthodox Church
led to the strengthening of serfdom
Which of the following was a result of the Conciliar Movement?
reform of conventional church practices
movement to venerate Catholic saints
increased power for papal authority
the adoption of recommendations of the Council of Trent
All of the following threatened the power of the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century EXCEPT
ideas emanating from the Italian Renaissance
the growing strength in southeastern Europe of the Muslim Ottoman Turks
the growth of the national state
the Protestant Reformation
Why did France support the Protestant rebels fighting against the Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire?
It wanted to weaken and fragment the Holy Roman Empire.
King Henry IV of France was a Huguenot and, therefore, a supporter of German Protestants.
The German Protestants had helped King Henry IV, a Huguenot, assume the throne in France.
Revenge was sought for the pope excommunicating the entire French clergy.
"Christians should be taught that, if the Pope knew the exactions of the preachers of Indulgences, he would rather have the basilica of St. Peter's reduced to ashes than built with the skin, flesh and bones of his sheep."
This passage was contained in which of the following works?
Thomas More's Utopia
Erasmus' In Praise of Folly
Luther's Ninety-Five Theses
Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion
The main result of the Edict of Nantes (1598) was that
it led to the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire
Calvinists recognized Geneva s their capital
it established the principles of religious toleration and equal civil rights for French Protestants and Catholics
it led to the arrest of those responsible for the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Besides religious issues, the other major cause of the Protestant Reformation and the religious wars that followed was
the political struggle between monarchs imposing their centralized rule over their subjects and nobles fighting to keep their feudal independence.
the growing sense of belonging to a nation that has a common language, ethnicity, culture, and history.
the growing mercantilism competition for overseas colonies between the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, France, and Holland.
the bitterness that some European countries felt toward France for allying itself with the Ottoman Empire.
The Spanish financed the voyages of Christopher Columbus because
they wanted to get to India before the Portuguese.
they wanted to get to America before the Portuguese.
Spanish clergy wanted to prove the world was flat.
the English had announced their plan to explore the Atlantic.
The Spanish encomienda was modeled on the
medieval university
Spanish parliament
Inquisition
feudal manor
Portugal and Spain were able to attain overseas colonies because of
their superior firearms and sea power
fair financial compensation to local rulers
treaties with local leaders
their ability to defeat England and France in mainland wars and acquiring their colonies
The parallel transfer of people, cultures, animals, food, and disease between Europe, Africa, and the Western Hemisphere as a result of the Spanish colonization of the New World is known as the
Cartesian swap
Faustian bargain
Columbian Exchange
Middle Passage
The three orders of people in medieval Europe consisted of
clergy, bourgeoisie, and peasants
royalty, nobles, and clergy
professionals, bourgeoisie, and peasants
clergy, nobles, and peasants
"We. . . take for granted that you will release us from serfdom as true Christians, unless it should be shown us from the Gospel that we are serfs."
This statement was likely written by
Turkish peasants in Asia Minor
English peasants under Henry VIII
conquered Aztecs in Mexico
German peasants in the 1520s
The Black Death appeared in a Europe that
had already been weakened by local famines
was in the midst of the Renaissance
had been experiencing a time of peace and stability
had just emerged from the Dark Ages
Among the principle characteristics of 17th and 18th century absolutist states were all of the following EXCEPT
large standing armies
development of constitutions
weakening the nobility
absolutist rule based on divine right
Charles I of England faced a revolt against royal authority led by
Parliament
the Anglican Church
peasants
French agents
Which of the following is the most significant outcome of Charles I's execution in 1649?
It was the first time in history that a Parliament had voted for the execution of a monarch.
The execution restored the Tudors to the throne.
The execution led to the abolition of the monarchy.
England was invaded and conquered by the Scots and Ireland gained independence.
All of the following contributed to the growing opposition to Cromwell's rule in England EXCEPT
his strict Puritan social policies alienated moderate Anglicans
his growing reliance on France to prop up his government
his cruel treatment of Catholic dissenters in Ireland
his dissolution of the Rump Parliament
After the restoration of the Stuart dynasty, which of the following contributed the most to growing opposition to Charles II?
his growing alliance with the Dutch
his conversion to Calvinism midway through his rule
his inability to establish a rival commercial center in London
his growing admiration for Catholocism and Louis XIV
Which of the following is the most significant result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the English Bill of Rights?
The United Kingdom was formed.
Equal rights and political representation were extended to subjects of the Crown in the English colonies.
Limited monarchy was firmly established in England.
England became the dominate power until 1870.
The most serious problem confronting Poland in the 18th century was
the end of serfdom
Swedish expansion after the death of Charles XII
resurgence of the Ottoman Empire
weak central government
One common concern of both Maria Theresa and Joseph II was
providing state social services to the needy
granting autonomy to the various ethnic groups within the Austrian Empire
industrializing the country
centralizing power
Why did Frederick the Great of Prussia only abolish serfdom on crown lands and not the lands held by the Junkers?
The Junkers didn't possess serfs because they were a military caste.
He wanted to keep the loyalty of the Junkers.
85% of Prussia's serfs lived on Crown lands.
He thought it was immoral for the monarchy to keep peasants in serfdom.
European Jews benefited the most from which enlightened despot?
Louis XVI
Frederick the Great
Joseph II
Philip II
Overall, the reforms of the enlightened despots
were not able to take hold because of limited support among the nobility.
paved the way for democratic systems and the welfare state.
led to a counter-reaction and the return of absolutist rule all over Europe.
led to the feudalization of Europe.
Which of the following French kings is acknowledged as the embodiment of an absolute monarch?
Henry IV
Louis XIII
Louis XIV
Louis XV
The partition of Poland 1772-1795
eliminated Poland as an independent state.
divided Poland between Sweden, Finland, and Lithuania.
divided Poland between Russia, Hungary, and Austria.
led to the emergence of an independent Lithuanian state.
The ideals of the French Revolution were best expressed in the phrase
nobility, power, aristocracy
equality, humanity, godliness
liberty, equality, fraternity
justice, honor, socialism
Voting in the Estates General in France was traditionally
based on the principle of one person/one vote
done by estate
in the form of a national referendum
the exclusive reserve of the nobility
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen proclaimed all of the following EXCEPT
the emancipation of women
an elective legislature
protection of rights of property
religious toleration
The Bastille in Paris was stormed on July 14, 1789
in order to capture the royal family
to free the Marquis de Lafayette
to arrest refractory priests opposing the revolution
to seize arms to defend against royal reprisals
The Woman's March on Versailles on October 4, 1789 was a crucial turning point in the French Revolution because it
brought the king and assembly back to Paris
was embraced and supported by the king and queen
was a peace offering to the monarchy after the storming of the Bastille
forced the renunciation of feudal privileges
The term emigres was used to describe
nobles who stayed in France to fight against the revolution
supporters of the revolution who came from other countries
members of mobs in the Paris streets
nobles who fled France
The French Constitution of 1791
abolished the monarchy
established a constitutional monarchy
gave the vote to all citizens
reestablished the old provinces
During the Reign of Terror, Robespierre tried to
execute all French nobles
restore the Catholic Church
crush all opposition to the revolution
sign a separate peace treaty with countries fighting against France
Besides the violence, how was the Jacobin phase of the revolution more radical than the previous National Assembly phase?
The Jacobins called for universal male suffrage and an end to all forms of monarchy.
The Jacobins called for the elimination of private property and the redistribution of wealth.
The Jacobins called for women of talent to hold key government positions.
The Jacobins called for the abolition of all borders for a united Europe.
Which of the following best explains the attitude of many European monarchs toward the French Revolution?
Since the revolution was strictly the internal affair of the French government, European monarch paid little attention.
Many rushed to aid Louis XVI.
On the one hand they welcomed anything that would weaken France's position; on the other hand, they feared the revolution spreading to their countries.
Many felt that it was time that radical reform came to France; therefore, they supported the revolution.
Which French colony was inspired by and used the instability of the revolution to declare and eventually gain its independence?
Haiti
Algeria
Guadeloupe
French Guiana
What became apparent after the Directory asked Napoleon to suppress pro-Royalist sympathizers in 1797?
Pro-Royalist sympathizers lost their final battle to try to turn the clock back in France to 1789.
The Directory came to rely more and more on the army for its power.
France was vulnerable to foreign enemies since the army was asked to establish order within France.
All of these choices.
None of these choices.
Czar Alexander I's most successful strategy in countering Napoleon's invasion of Russia was to
stand and fight at the Neman River.
surrender St. Petersburg.
make a stand in front of Moscow.
retreat and destroy food supplies.
The Napoleonic Code, enacted by Bonaparte in 1804, did all of the following EXCEPT
create laws that favored business and private enterprise.
reaffirm the patriarchal nature of the traditional family.
grant special privileges to the aristocracy.
form a basis for civil law copied in many countries.
To strangle the British economy, Napoleon imposed an economic blockade on his rival called
the Napoleonic Code
the Bastille Embargo
the Continental System
Anti-British Economic Policy
Overall, the general goal of the allies at the Congress of Vienna was to
spread the revolutionary gains made in France to the rest of Europe.
anoint Russia as the new leader of Europe.
established boundaries and conditions in Europe to contain France.
create a permanent "Holy Alliance" between Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain.
In the 18th century, the principle economic activity of the Netherlands was
banking and maritime commerce
tulip cultivation
timber production and export
agricultural production
Mercantilism was principally characterized by
government efforts to build a strong, self-sufficient economy
the efforts of the merchant class to influence policy by subsidizing the government
the efforts of bankers and exporters to establish free trade
the view that labor ought to be able to seek its own market
All of the following were reasons why the Dutch were the commercial and financial leaders in Europe in the 17th century EXCEPT
they standardized currency throughout Europe
the Dutch government guaranteed the safety of the deposits
the Dutch charged no interest on long-term loans
depositors were allowed to draw checks against their accounts
All of the following mercantilist policies were implemented by Jean-Baptiste Colbert between 1648 and 1653 EXCEPT
establishing new industries and improving infrastructure
increasing internal tariffs
founding the French East India Company
creating a commercial code for businesses covering the entire country
Which of the following became a British possession as a result of the treaty that ended the War of the Spanish Succession?
Jamaica
Gibraltar
Canada
India
The scientist responsible for developing calculus and the theory of gravity was
Kepler
Leibniz
Mendeleev
Newton
What major impact did the Scientific Revolution have on the Enlightenment?
Through application of the concept of natural law to political theory, society could be governed in a more rational way.
With the confirmation of the existence of a supreme divinity, the concept of the divine right of kings was strengthened.
Failure to discover all of the laws that governed nature meant skepticism in separation of powers.
The Scientific Revolution had a marginal impact on the Enlightenment since the latter encompassed political theory, education, and culture while the former dealt with mathematics and science.
John Locke is most famous for advancing the concept of
a heliocentric concept of the universe
universal suffrage and a modern welfare state
all people having natural rights based on life, liberty, and property
economic justice for all
The center of the Enlightenment was
France
England
Prussia
Russia
Which of the following would be most adversely affected by the increase in the price of food?
urban workers
wealthy merchants
the clergy
the nobility
Typically, the largest expenditure item in the budget of an 18th century state - excluding interest on national debt - was
military
royal palaces
education
infrastructure projects
