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WorksheetsHistory chapter 18-21
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 32mins
The chapter introduction tells the story of the "Exodusters" to make the point that ______.
both the South and the Midwest lost population as blacks and whites alike joined the "Boomer" land rushes in the far West.
religious imagery was important in the lonely lives of rural folk in the late nineteenth century.
hopes for the future in the South and West confronted realities of "colonial" economies built on exploited lands and peoples.
while the South suffered from floods and worn-out soil, westerners suffered from locust infestations and the Dust Bowl.
Which of the following is NOT true about the post-Civil War southern economy?
The South's economy was poor, decentralized, and isolated
Despite dreams of a "New South," industry never took hold in the South before 1900
A capital shortage made tenant farms the prevailing pattern in southern agriculture
Cotton remained the dominant southern product, despite falling prices
What does "sharecropping " mean?
organizing a farm as a corporation to gain tax advantages
returning a fraction of the harvest to the landowner as rent
borrowing against a future crop in order to obtain seed
planting two separate crops (e.g., cotton and beans) in the same field.
What is the best explanation for why tenancy became widespread in the South?
Southern farmers preferred not to own land
It made cattle ranching more practical
A shortage of cash and credit made land ownership difficult
Blacks refused to leave the areas where they were raised
Which of the following does NOT help explain the South's persistent poverty?
northerners refused to invest any capital in the South
an isolated and low-paid labor pool, primarily geared to farming
the fact that the South lagged so far behind the North in industrializing
a poor educational system, fostering a largely unskilled work force
Who were the Redeemers?
nonpartisan advocates of equal rights for freedmen
white Democrats vowing to end Republican rule
northern reformers who took over southern governments
moderate border-state Republicans
To what does the term "Jim Crow" refer?
a technique used by the Ku Klux Klan to intimidate rural African Americans in the South
a process by which freed slaves established new communities in Kansas
a system of legalized separation of blacks as socially inferior
a Supreme Court case that declared that legalized segregation was constitutional
What precedent was established by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson?
t upheld legislation curbing the power of monopolies
It banned discrimination from interstate commerce
It established the concept of "separate but equal."
It extended protection to blacks under the Fifteenth Amendment
Which of the following is NOT true about the environment in the West?
Temperature extremes can be dramatic, except near the Pacific coast
Plains Indians hunted bison on horseback for millennia on the Great Plains
Wood is scarce in most areas outside the Pacific Northwest
The Great Plains were largely grasslands, requiring heavy investment before a profitable farm could be created
On the Great Plains, what disrupted the migratory patterns of the buffalo and thus the patterns of the hunt?
disease
weather
railroads
earthquakes
What was the goal of the early federal Indian policy of "concentration"?
to bring all Indians together in a single nation
to promote tribal rather than individual land ownership
to open more land for white development
to surround hostile tribes with a strong U.S. army force
The purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1877 was to_____.
assimilate American Indian tribes into U.S. society
draft members of American Indian tribes into the U.S. military
return lands to American Indian tribes
move American Indian tribes to reservations
Which of the following marked the end of the wars between the federal government and the Plains Indians?
the Wounded Knee massacre
the Battle of Little Big Horn
the death of Sitting Bull
the Sand Creek Massacre
Labor in the construction of the California section of the transcontinental railroad was supplied by _____.
Mexican workers
Irish Workers
Chinese workers
Italian Workers
Which statement accurately describes the development of the Great Plains in the late 19th Century?
Railroads decreased in importance
Great profits were earned in the steel industry
Technological innovations made farming there possible
Immigrants could not afford to farm these lands
What was an important result of the passage of the Homestead Act?
the creation of Indian reservations in the Southwest
the building of large urban centers in the West
a rush to grab free land in the Great Plains
an influx of Chinese immigrants to California
Which factor was most important in enabling natural resource extraction and conversion to take off in the nineteenth century?
Large discoveries of iron and oil forced more production
Railroads made it easier to transport finished materials
New technologies made mass production possible
New patent protections encouraged inventors to develop
Whose "invention factory" at Menlo Park was reflective of the systematization of invention in the new industrial order?
Bessemer
Edison
Morse
Eastman
What was the most important result of the development of railroads, the telegraph and telephone, and other transportation and communications advances?
increased demand for capital by corporations
the establishment of integrated national market
increased pollution and the destruction of natural resources
the strengthening of interstate commerce laws
The first "big business" in America, at least in terms of finance, labor relations, and management, was the ____.
railroad industry
telephone industry
steel industry
oil refining industry
Rockefeller and Carnegie employed all the following measures while developing their industrial empires EXCEPT_______.
expanding their companies both vertically and horizontally.
engaging in ruthless competition
charging customers exorbitant prices
developing effective management strategies
What company did J. Pierpont Morgan create when he merged nine competing steel manufacturers into one?
Carnegie Steel Company
British Steel
Morgan Heavy Industries
United States Steel Corporation
Who preached a "gospel of wealth"?
Samuel Gompers
Herbert Spencer
Andrew Carnegie
Terence Powderly
Who among the following advocated what was referred to as "social Darwinism"?
Herbert Spencer
Charles Darwin
Henry George
Edward Bellamy
What was the most important downside of big business, according to critics?
It caused prices for consumer goods to increase beyond reach
Large-scale industrial development took a toll on the environment
It created an enormous and unfair divide between rich and poor
Big business distanced owners from employees' concerns
Which act gave the government the power to break up trusts and other big businesses?
Knight Company Act
Rockefeller Antitrust Act
Big Business Act
Sherman Antitrust Act
Which of the following was the result of industrialization?
loss of free time and worker power
a stabilized business cycle
environmental protection
job satisfaction
Which of the following was the result of industrialization?
a stabilized business cycle
environmental protection
job satisfaction
loss of free time and worker power
What was the central difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
The Knights rejected any use of violence, while the AFL was known for its radicalism and violent strikes.
The Knights wanted "one big union," while the AFL organized skilled craftsmen only
The Knights refused to become involved in politics, while the AFL supported candidates
Unlike the AFL, the Knights refused to admit African Americans and women.
The first nationwide strike took place in 1877 and primarily involved which industry?
railroads
textiles
steel
meatpacking
How would you characterize the role of government in labor disputes like the Great Railroad Strike and the Pullman strike?
uninvolved in labor disputes
actively sympathetic to the concerns of organized labor
actively sympathetic to the concerns of management
unaware of the severity of the conflicts
In the late 19th century, employers had the advantage over workers in labor disputes. Which of the following were used by employers to give them an advantage?
the willingness of governmental authorities to send troops to break strikes
the ability to hire and fire workers at will, and the use of "yellow dog" contracts
the use of court injunctions against strikers
All of these answers are correct
Which is an accurate statement about demographic trends in the late nineteenth century?
Natural birthrates rose dramatically
Death rates rose dramatically
The proportion of Americans moving to rural areasrose
The proportion of Americans living in cities rose
What was the most important difference between the immigrants who arrived in the United States before the 1880s and those who arrived after?
Later immigrants were more likely to hail from southern and eastern Europe
Later immigrants were subject to deportation under the new category of "illegal immigrant."
Later immigrants came with more industrial skills and higher levels of education
Later immigrants came to the United States primarily for political reasons
New immigrants were drawn to the United States for all the following reasons EXCEPT _______.
the hope of finding a profitable job
America's generous federal welfare program
political or religious oppression in their home countries.
declining opportunities for rural workers throughout much of the world
What was the primary solution to the realization that cities could hardly survive, let alone grow, without improved transportation?
one-way streats
electric streetcars
horse-drawn trolley
the cable car
Thanks in part to a devastating fire in 1871, which city became the site of many new skyscrapers such as the Reliance Building?
New York
Boston
Philadelphia
Chicago
What urban housing design, once hailed as a helpful innovation, turned out to be a dangerous blight on the cityscape?
the projects
the settlement house
the dumbbell tenement
the skyscrape
The urban political machines stayed in power in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century because _____.
they kept immigrants from getting jobs
no one exposed their corrupt practices
they supported the Democratic Party, which dominated national politics
they effectively provided needed services to the poorer city dwellers
Which is NOT true of political machines?
They enriched the political bosses
They served as a crude welfare system
They convinced city-dwellers that government should not be trusted to help the needy
They modernized city government and made it more effective
What religious movement encouraged followers to focus on saving souls by improving the societal conditions?
Favoritism
Nativism
Social Gospel
Social Darwinism
A new experiment in providing social services to slum-dwellers featured centers where middle-class women lived among the poor, providing amenities, and teaching American ways to immigrants. This experiment was called the _____.
vaudeville house.
rescue mission
settlement house
Social Gospel
Which of the following statements best describes the typical pattern of immigrant life?
Hostile to Anglo-Saxon ways, immigrants crowded together in "foreign quarters," embracing each other's cultural contributions while resisting assimilation.
Shaped by their rural peasant backgrounds, European immigrant men married quickly and bought a farm as soon as they could
Clustered into ever-changing neighborhoods in the cities, with a church or synagogue at the center, ethnic communities both preserved Old World flavor and eased the transition to an Americanized culture
Stripped of their religious and linguistic identity, immigrants dispersed into the general population mix of the city, rapidly assimilating into their adopted homeland
Frances Willard led the Victorian campaign against ____.
child labor
alcohol
poverty
monopolies
Why did the public education system explode in the late-nineteenth century?
the influence of German and Scandinavian education reformers
the need for individuals with technical and managerial know-how
the rise of political machines in urban areas
the concern of religious institutions about a breakdown in morals
How did industrialization change settlement patterns in American cities?
It resulted in a decline in real estate prices with increasing pollution
It hampered transportation development, as most wanted to live downtown
It resulted in most of the poor moving to areas far outside city centers
It reversed the order of settlement, as the wealthy moved to the outskirts
Which of the following was NOT a trend in education in the late nineteenth century?
Many new colleges were established, underwritten by grants from both private philanthropists and government
Marginal groups like blacks and immigrants looked to education as a way to get ahead
Literacy rose sharply
City girls and boys, as required by law in most states, attended school together for most of the workday
Establishment of "normal schools" and the rise of new nursing and law schools reflected a trend toward ____.
practical and professional training
the impact of the new field of psychology
public-supported education replacing private colleges
the narrowing of educational opportunities for women
Which of the following best describes the national political climate during this period?
nostalgic, with the legacy of the Civil War shaping most policy
corrupt, with merit no longer considered for civil service appointments
stalemate, with mixed party control throughout
democratized, with greater numbers of people permitted to vote
Which of the following were important political issues during this time period?
dismantling the spoils system
pensions for veterans
tariffs
All of these answers are correct
Which event contributed most directly to the passage of the Civil Service, or Pendleton, Act of 1883?
the political scandals of the Grant administration
the impeachment of Andrew Johnson
the assassination of James Garfield
the contested election of Rutherford B. Hayes
The Interstate Commerce Commission was created in 1887, to allow the federal government to________.
regulate railroad shipping charges between states
build a national highway system between states
settle land disputes between settlers and Native Americans
extend services to rural regions
Which of the following political parties was made up primarily of farmers and other workers?
the Suffragette Party
the Populist Party
the Freedom Party
the Socialist Party
The Populist movement arose from all the following factors EXCEPT______.
falling crop production that drove down agricultural prices
tariffs that provided protection to manufacturers
discriminatory railroad rates
the high costs of mortgages and crop storage
As a result of the depression of 1893, ____________.
new attitudes toward poverty and government responsibility emerged
the federal government adopted a silver standard of currency
the Populists expanded their following to the urban working classes
the Democrats and Republicans unified around strong leaders
Grover Cleveland set up the most volatile issue of the 1896 election when, in response to the depression of 1893, he _______.
passed the largest protective tariff in U.S. history
initiated a large public works program
ended federal purchases of silver
called for the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands
The 1896 election was important because it____________.
showed that the American people would reject radicalism
brought progressive politicians into power
broke the political stalemate and began an era of strong presidents
completely discredited the free silver crusade
Which of the following statements best describes Booker T. Washington's attitude toward race relations?
Blacks should leave the United States and seek their own homeland in Africa.
Blacks needed to join together to guard their rights even if by violent means
Blacks should actively demand their political and civil rights but only through peaceful protest
Blacks should accept the racial caste system while working for economic advancement
Ida B. Wells led a nationwide campaign against _______.
lynching
interracial marriage
disfranchisement
school segregation
Assess the significance of William Henry Seward to America's "new empire."
Preparing the way for American acquisition, he led successful naval assaults on Honolulu and Manila
Though a "desk general," he persuaded Congress to reform America's defenses and build a modern army and navy
Though his major accomplishment was the purchase of Alaska, he envisioned U.S. commercial dominance of the Pacific
Believing that empire moves ever westward, he arranged U.S. acquisition of Hawaii and Samoa
As a result of a theory championed by Alfred Thayer Mahan, the U.S. Navy ____________.
was mothballed out of existence
was transformed into a modern, steam-driven institution
engaged in several wars with European rivals
shrank in size to its lowest numbers since the days of Andrew Jackson
Why did the United States go to war against Spain?
to protect American business interests in Cuba
to civilize those under Spanish colonial rule
to increase industrial production by supplying the navy
to conquer a Catholic nation
Which of the following was a central anti-imperialist argument against annexing the Philippines?
The benefits of a new colony could be derived without spending resources on annexation
Annexing the Philippines would put whites into unhealthy contact with Asians
Annexing the Philippines would stifle domestic production of goods
The United States should not be responsible for a colony occupied mainly by Catholics
John Hay issued the "open door" notes to ______.
permit more Chinese laborers into the United States
encourage more Chinese exports into the United States
keep Europeans from establishing exclusive closed Chinese markets
demonstrate America's new military power
