Dehydration happens faster in infants and elderly

1/3 of body fluids are found outside cells

Moves through semipermeable membrane to equalize concentration of solutes on each side of the membrane

Moves from higher concentration to a lower concentration(molecules NOT water) to equalize the amount throughout the area or space

Solids separated from liquids or gases by a barrier that only liquids and very fine solutes can pass through

Water moves through osmosis, filtration, & diffusion

The most obvious ways in which the body loses fluid is through elimination of?

Fatty tissue that contains less water than muscle tissue

Functions of water

Water intake 1440-1920mL per day

Dehydration is the loss of electrolytes & water

Assist neuromuscular function, dilation of arteries & arterioles

Primary electrolyte involved in determining extracellular fluid volumes & controls fluid distribution.

Assists sodium in regulating fluid osmolality & volume, important for acid base balance

Vital for all tissues; muscle & red blood cell functions; metabolism of fat, protein, carbohydrates; manufacturing ATP energy source.

Strengthen skeletal bones & teeth; stimulates conduction of electrical impulses via nerves, which controls muscle contraction & relaxation, includes heart muscle.

Mainly found in ICF, helps to regulate fluid balance & is important for neuromuscular functions, especially for the hearts contractility & rhythm

Sources of intake: Dairy products, green vegetables, shellfish, salmon, dried beans

Sources of intake: meats, fish, egg yolks, dairy products, nuts, beans, legumes, whole grain, soft drinks

Sources of intake: dried fruits, tomatoes, potatoes, spinach & other leafy greens, oranges, bananas, cantaloupe, red meat, chicken, fish, nuts, & soy products

Sources of intake: leafy green veggies, whole grains, beans, fish, almonds, soy beans, seeds, bananas, milk, oatmeal, broccoli

Sources of intake: salt, processed foods, canned vegetables, sauces, dressings, sandwich meat

Sources of intake: high-sodium-content foods, lettuce, tomatoes, celery, olives, seaweed

Magnesium normal range:

Potassium normal range:

Sodium normal range:

Chloride normal range:

Phosphorus normal range:

Calcium normal range:

Signs:

-Decreased DTR, flank & bone pain, bone fractures.

-Concussion/slurred speech

-Increased risk for blood clots

Signs: Weak rapid irregular pulse, low BP, ARRHYTHMIAS*

Decreased intestinal motility, ileus, weakness/fatigue

Confusion, shallow respiration’s

Signs: - Slow irregular pulse - low BP - cramping/ diarrhea - hyperactive bowel sounds - anxiety

Signs: weak rapid irregular pulse, decreased BP, metabolic alkalosis, increased muscle excitability, agitation/irritability

Signs: Muscle weakness, bone pain, irregular pulse, & confusion.

Signs: *Mimics hypovolemia. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, non-elastic skin tugor.

Signs: metabolic acidosis & hyperkalemia. Increased respiration’s, increased pulse, severe edema, and dyspnea.

Signs: Mimics hypervolemia. Thirst, dry mouth, pulmonary edema, irritability. Increased BP, bounding pulse.

Signs: Muscle tetany, tingling/numbness of fingers, toes, & around mouth. Increased DTR spasms. Positive Trousseaus & Chvosteks. Decreased BP, weak/thready pulse.

Signs: Increased pulse, increased DTR, muscle twitching, seizures, irritability, tingling fingers/toes.

Signs: Decreased BP, increased pulse, slow respiration’s, decreased DTR, muscle weakness, drowsy/lethargic.

Signs: Vomiting, insomnia/irritability, positive trousseaus/chvostek check, increased DTR, constipation/ileus, seizures.

Causes: Renal failure, fluid volume deficit excessive intake, excessive intake vitamin D.

Causes: Inadequate vitamin D consumption, malabsorption disorder, post thyroidectomy.

Causes: respiratory infection, use of corticosteroids, dietary sodium intake, kidney failure.

Causes: Malabsorption disorder, starvation, keto acidosis, alcoholism, gentamicin, hyperparathyroidism, vomiting.

Causes: Diarrhea, Gi Suction, Vomiting, Potassium Excreting, Diuretic, Digoxin Toxicity (yellow halos)

Causes: Decreased intake of chloride or sodium. GI suction, decreased potassium level. Excessive diaphoresis, diarrhea, vomiting, CHF.

Causes: Renal failure, corticosteroids use, severe diarrhea, increased sodium level.

Causes: Low potassium or magnesium level. Vomiting/ diarrhea. Burns & hyperventilation.

Causes: Prolonged bedrest excessive digitalis cancer. Excessive intake of calcium or vitamin D. Long term uses steroid use.

Causes: Renal failure, uncontrolled diabetes, burns, potassium sparring, diuretic, salt substitutes, ACE Inhibitors.

Causes: GI Suction, vomiting/diarrhea, increased blood sugar, CHF & Renal disease.

Causes: Renal failure/disease/injury. Too much magnesium, oral antacids.

Hypovolemia is the loss of water and electrolytes from the ECF.

Hemorrhage and dehydration requires the same treatments.

Signs: NVD, hemorrhage, burn victims, confused pt’s, NG suctioning, Low BP, weak/tired, dry mouth, Oliguria, high pulse/thready, orthostatic hypotension, thirst, tenting

Signs: CHF patients, high BP, retention of fluids, difficulty breathing, crackles, edema, increased respiratory.

Signs: Mimics hypervolemia. Thirst, dry mouth, pulmonary edema, irritability. Increased BP, bounding pulse.