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Mechanisms of Evolution

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

As it relates to evolution, what is a mechanism?

a)

a piece of metal in a machine

b)

a punnet square showing a cross between two parents

c)

a cladogram showing evolutionary relationships

d)

process by which something takes place or is brought about

2.

The process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to have greater survival and reproductive success is called

a)

allele frequency

b)

natural selection

c)

mutation

d)

gene flow

3.
Which of the following is NOT an example of natural selection? 
a)
People selectively breeding hamsters.
b)
Insect populations developing resistance to certain pesticides.
c)
Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.
d)
Male birds of certain species developing colorful feathers to attract female mates.
4.

This picture is an example of which type of selection?

a)

Artificial Selection

b)

Natural Selection

5.

Heritable traits that are better matched to the environment than others are referred to as

a)

adaptations

b)

mutations

c)

allele frequency

d)

random selection

6.

A(n) ___________________ is one of the possible forms of a gene.

a)

adaptation

b)

phenotype

c)

mutation

d)

allele

7.

A(n)________ is a measure of how common a certain allele is in a population.

a)

Allele Frequency

b)

Gene Pool

c)

Genotypical Number

d)

Genetic Drift

8.

a type of reproduction which involves the fusion of gametes

a)

binary fission

b)

asexual reproduction

c)

sexual reproduction

d)

meiosis

9.

The image above shows how ___________ can be recombined, leading to an increase in genetic variation.

a)

genes

b)

mutations

c)

adaptations

d)

fitness

10.

What is the greatest advantage of being a sexual organism?

a)

All offspring are genetically different and can survive a new virus, bacteria or environmental change

b)

All offspring are genetically identical and can survive a new virus, bacteria or environmental change

c)

If one dies they all die

11.

What is a species?

a)

A group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring.

b)

A group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring even if those offspring are infertile.

c)

A group of organisms that genetically are very different from each other.

d)

Indivual organisms that live in the same environment.

12.

The term for the formation of new and distinct species over the course of evolution is...

a)

speciation

b)

biological species concept

c)

reproductive barrier

d)

natural selection

13.

Which term is being described? Yellow toucan birds seek out one another to make babies together and tend to avoid the green toucan birds.

a)

Genetic Drift

b)

Non-random mating

c)

Gene flow

d)

Mutation

14.

a random change in the dna of an organism

a)

allele

b)

mutation

c)

gene

d)

mitosis

15.

True or False? Only mutations that occur in gametes are heritable.

a)

True

b)

False

16.

True or False? Mutations are always beneficial to an organism as they lead to an increase in genetic variation and thus, fitness.

a)

True

b)

False

17.
The physical appearance of a trait is known as the-
a)
genotype
b)
phenotype
c)
characteristics
d)
intelligence
18.

_________ _____ refers to the movement of individuals and/or genetic material from one population to another.

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Allele frequency

c)

Genetic Drift

d)

Gene Flow

19.

Which of the statements on the screen best describes the definition of gene flow?

a)

Certain genetic traits that increase mating success

b)

Some organisms are better matched to their environment than others

c)

The transfer of alleles into or out of a population

d)

A random change in an organism’s DNA

20.

___________ ________ is a change in the allele frequency or gene pool of a population simply due to random chance.

a)

Gene flow

b)

Genetic drift

c)

Somatic mutation

21.

True or False? Genetic drift often causes a loss of genetic diversity in a population.

a)

True

b)

False

22.

True or False? Genetic drift is a change in the frequency of alleles within a population due to artificial selection

a)

True

b)

False

23.

True or False? The impact of genetic drift is greatest on small populations

a)

True

b)

False

24.

A special type of genetic drift in which a small group colonizes a new area is referred to as

a)

Bottleneck Effect

b)

Founder Effect

c)

Speciation

d)

Gene flow

25.

This occurs when a catastrophic event causes a population to decrease dramatically in size

a)

Bottleneck Effect

b)

Founder Effect

c)

Gene Flow

d)

Random mutation

26.

Some natural examples of catastrophic events that can cause a population bottleneck include all of the following except

a)

volcanic eruptions

b)

forest fires

c)

torrential floods

d)

seasonal rainfall

27.

True or False? Many instances of the bottleneck effect in plant and animal populations over the past three centuries are due to human impacts

a)

True

b)

False

28.

Are you ready for some practice questions? (Evaluate each of the following scenarios and choose the correct answer.)

a)

NO, I NEED TO REVIEW MY NOTES BEFORE I TRY.

b)

YES!!!!! LET'S DO THIS!

29.

Which type of genetic drift is being described? A fire devastates a forest. Only a few cottontail rabbits survive.

a)

Founder Effect

b)

Bottleneck Effect

30.

Which mechanism of evolution is being described? Wolves from the Arizona mesa were transferred to the Colorado Rockies after a forest fire destroyed their habitat. They quickly became part of the local pack and had offspring.

a)

Mutation

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Genetic Drift

d)

Gene Flow

31.

Which type of genetic drift is being described? Several black rats travel in a garbage truck to a landfill and establish a new colony.

a)

Founder Effect

b)

Bottleneck Effect

32.
This mechanism of evolution occurs when populations migrate.
a)
Extinction
b)
Gene flow
c)
Genetic drift
d)
Natural Selection
33.

Which type of genetic drift is being described? Ballast tanks in a foreign ship release zebra mussel larvae (a non-native species) into Lake Michigan .

a)

Founder Effect

b)

Bottleneck Effect

34.

Which type of genetic drift is being described? Hurricane Enrique destroys the majority of a population of hummingbirds off the coast of California

a)

Founder Effect

b)

Bottleneck Effect

35.

Five hundred years after the deer had established a flourishing population in the park, a few of them venture back to their original woods and have babies with the deer there.

a)

Genetic Drift

b)

Mutations

c)

Non-random mating

d)

Gene flow

36.

Which of these mechanisms is most likely to lead to an increase in genetic variation in a population?

a)

Genetic Drift

b)

Gene Flow

37.
What does the image represent?
a)
Gene flow
b)
Gene drift
c)
Mutation
d)
Adaptation
38.

Bats are common in Texas, especially in rocky regions. Bats with longer hang claws have demonstrated higher fitness because of their ability to cling to rock while resting. This adaptation is becoming more frequent in the population. What mechanism of evolution is this?

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Non-random mating

c)

Gene Flow

d)

Genetic Drift

39.

_______ are two sources of genetic variation in a population

a)

Bottleneck and Bacteria

b)

Small Population and Viruses

c)

Mutations and Recombination

d)

Founder Effect and Artificial Mating

40.
Survival of the fittest or when favorable adaptations reproduce faster is called what?
a)
Evolution
b)
Adaptation
c)
Natural selection
d)
Fossilization