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Fossils, Geologic Time Scale, and Rocks Review

Total questions: 188

Worksheet time: 4hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
How are sedimentary rocks, such as shale and sandstone, formed?
a)
Particles are changed into liquids.
b)
Particles are compressed into layers.
c)
Particles are melted together by magma.
d)
Particles are heated by the Sun.
2.
In order for sediments to become rock, the sediments are generally
a)
liquefied.
b)
compacted.
c)
returned to their origins.
d)
mixed with organic material.
3.
Which processes must occur in order for an igneous rock to change into a metamorphic rock?
a)
heating and pressure
b)
compaction and cementation
c)
melting and cooling
d)
uplift and erosion
4.
Which process forms both metamorphic and sedimentary rock?
a)
recrystallization
b)
heating
c)
weathering
d)
compacting
5.
When buried sediments are subjected to pressure, the mineral grains are squeezed together. This causes
a)
layers to rise to the surface
b)
new rock to be formed
c)
earthquakes
d)
volcanoes
6.
Which processes change magma into igneous rock?
a)
weathering and erosion
b)
heat and pressure
c)
compaction and cementation
d)
cooling and crystallization
7.
Which statement is true about rocks?
a)
Magma is made of solid rock.
b)
Rocks are made of one or more minerals.
c)
Crystals are made of rocks.
d)
Minerals are made of one or more rocks.
8.
Which sentence BEST describes a process in the rock cycle?
a)
Sedimentary rocks can melt to become metamorphic rocks.
b)
Volcanoes can deposit sedimentary rock to form mountains.
c)
Metamorphic rocks can form by the weathering process.
d)
Igneous rocks can become metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
9.
One rock was formed from rapidly cooling lava and is smooth and glassy. The other rock was formed from slow-cooling magma, so has large crystals. Which rock property is represented by these characteristics?
a)
color
b)
texture
c)
fracture
d)
hardness
10.
Which process causes sand grains to stick together to form sandstone?
a)
cementation
b)
abrasion
c)
combustion
d)
erosion
11.
Which type of rock is formed when particles are compacted and cemented together?
a)
igneous
b)
metamorphic
c)
sedimentary
d)
metallic
12.
Sedimentary rock forms when rock is first
a)
broken down by weathering.
b)
melted into liquid magma.
c)
exposed to great temperature.
d)
crystallized into natural glass.
13.
What type of rock forms from heat and pressure deep inside earth's surface?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Igneous
14.
What type of rock forms from lava that has cooled at or near earth's surface?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Igneous
15.
Fossils are sometimes found in which type of rock?  (Fossils can only survive this rock's process of formation.)
a)
intrusive igneous
b)
extrusive igneous
c)
metamorphic
d)
sedimentary
16.
Which mineral is ranked highest on the Mohs scale? 
a)
Talc
b)
Calcite
c)
Quartz
d)
Diamond
17.
What can you infer about graphite from the fact that you can scratch it with just your fingernail?
a)
It's not very lustrous.
b)
It's not very hard.
c)
Its streak is black colored.
d)
It has fracture.
18.
This rock is formed from lava and you would most likely find it near a volcano.
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Igneous Rock
19.
Luster is . . . 
a)
The weight of a mineral.
b)
The way light reflects off of a mineral's surface.
c)
The way light reflects off of a rock's surface.
d)
The color left after a mineral is scratched.
20.
What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?
a)
A rock is an inconsistent mixture of minerals, while a mineral is "pure" and made up of a precise combination of chemicals.
b)
A mineral is an inconsistent mixture of minerals, while a rock is "pure" and made up of a precise combination of chemicals.
c)
A rock is harder than all minerals.
d)
Minerals contain fossils while rocks do not.
21.
Which type of rock results from melting and cooling of magma?
a)
Igneous
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Sedimentary
d)
Extrusive
22.
Which type of rock forms from extreme heat and pressure?
a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Organic
d)
Metamorphic
23.
A metamorphic rock changes into an igneous rock by what two processes?
a)
Melting and cooling
b)
Extreme heat and pressure
c)
Compaction and cementation
d)
Weathering and erosion
24.
Wind, water, and ice breaking down rock is called
a)
Erosion
b)
Deposition
c)
Compaction
d)
Weathering
25.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
26.
This rock started as lava that cooled and then was heated and put under pressure over time. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentar
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
27.
Diamond has a hardness of ___ on Mohs Hardness Scale.
a)
1
b)
5
c)
8
d)
10
28.
By definition, a mineral has which of the following characteristic(s)?
a)
definite chemical composition
b)
crystal structure
c)
naturally occuring
d)
all of the above
29.
An igneous rock containing large crystals is most likely a(n)
a)
Chemical Rock
b)
Foliated Rock
c)
Extrusive Rock
d)
Intrusive Rock
30.
A metamorphic rock in which the grains line up in parallel bands is a
a)
Clastic Rock
b)
Nonclastic Rock
c)
Nonfoliated Rock
d)
Foliated Rock
31.
If heat and pressure inside the Earth cause a rock to melt, the material that formed would be
a)
Metamorphic
b)
Magma
c)
Sedimentary
d)
Igneous
32.
You find a rock in which the grains are arranged in parallel bands of white and black crystals.  The rock is probably a(n)
a)
Igneous rock
b)
Sedimentary rock
c)
Metamorphic rock
d)
Extrusive rock
33.
As lava cools and crystallizes, what type of rock will form?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Extrusive Igneous
d)
Intrusive Igneous
34.
When minerals line up in bands within a metamorphic rock, this rock is...
a)
Nonfoliated
b)
Foliated
c)
Igneous
d)
Sedimentary
35.
The three groups of rocks are classified by
a)
How they form
b)
Color
c)
Grain size
d)
Chemical Composition
36.

Which is the process that breaks up rock on Earth’s surface?

a)

deposition

b)

melting

c)

compaction

d)

weathering

37.

To be classified as a mineral, a substance must satisfy this

requirement

a)

have a definite chemical composition

b)

naturally occurring

c)

be a solid

d)

all the above

38.

The streak of a mineral is the

a)

color of the rock

b)

when it carved a line in a surface

c)

is the color of it´s powder

d)

is its hardness

39.

All minerals are substances that where formed by

a)

volcano activity

b)

human intervention

c)

natural processes

d)

rock deposition

40.

Which type of rock is made from magma cooling inside Earth?

a)

cool rock

b)

intrusive igneous

c)

non-foliated metamorphic

d)

sedimentary

41.

Tiny bits of weathered rock or once living plants or animals are called

a)

Sediment

b)

basalt

c)

mineral

d)

coal

42.
The color of a mineral's powder form.
a)
Streak
b)
Hardness
c)
Magnetism
d)
Luster
43.
The tendency of a mineral to break along smooth, flat surfaces.
a)
Cleavage
b)
Fracture
c)
Hardness
d)
Streak
44.

A mineral could be scratched by topaz but NOT by fluorite.

What is the hardness range?

a)

1-4

b)

4-8

c)

4-10

d)

8-10

45.
What is the process that picks up and moves weathered rocks?
a)
Erosion
b)
Landslide
c)
Weathering
46.
The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered rock and soil from one place to another.
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
d)
Crop Rotation
47.
The process of carrying away weathered bits of rocks is called
a)
weathering
b)
erosion
48.

Which best describes one way igneous rocks form?

a)

Sedimentary rocks erode.

b)

Sedimentary rocks are compacted.

c)

Metamorphic rocks are melted, then cooled.

d)

Metamorphic rocks are deposited and cemented

49.

Which statement is the best description of what

happens in the rock cycle?

a)

Rocks on old mountains are gradually weathered away, while mountain building and volcanism form new mountains.

b)

Once formed, rocks stay in place until rocks above them are weathered away and they reach the surface.

c)

As sedimentary rocks are buried deep below other rocks, they are changed by heat and pressure, eventually return to the surface, and are weathered again.

d)

Younger sedimentary rocks are always deposited on top of older metamorphic or igneous rocks.

50.
Choose the number where the following description best fits:  Great pressure and heat.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
51.
Choose the number where the following description best fits:  Hot lava cools.
a)
1
b)
3
c)
4
d)
5
52.
Choose the number where the following description best fits:  Great heat from the center of the Earth causes melting.
a)
1
b)
3
c)
4
d)
5
53.
As we looked at the different properties of rocks we looked at their hardness.  The scale we compared it to was called
a)
Hardness Scale
b)
Mohs Scale of Harness
c)
Roks Scale of Hardness
d)
Compressed Scale of Hardness
54.
These are formed by natural processes and are the building blocks of rocks.
a)
Gems
b)
Dirt
c)
Minerals
d)
Diamonds
55.

Granite is often used for decoration and sculpting because the large crystal formations are very beautiful. The large crystals are formed when magma cools slowly. What type of rock is granite?

a)

Igneous

b)

metamorphic

c)

sedimentary

d)

marble

56.

Slate is a type of rock that forms when shale rock is exposed to heat and pressure deep under Earth's surface for thousands of years. What type of rock is slate?

a)

igneous

b)

intrusive

c)

metamorphic

d)

sedimentary

57.

What needs to happen for igneous rock to be transformed into sedimentary rock?

a)

Weathering and erosion need to wear away the igneous rock, forming particles that will eventually cement into sedimentary rock.

b)

Low temperatures at the poles need to freeze the igneous rock, cooling and hardening it into extremely dense sedimentary rock.

c)

Tectonic plates must collide near the igneous rock, driving it under the surface, where it melts into sedimentary rock.

d)

High pressure needs to compact the igneous rock, eventually melting it and forming sedimentary rock as it cools.

58.

When are igneous rocks formed?

a)

when layers of mud form inside Earth

b)

when layers of mud are compressed

c)

when melted rock solidifies

d)

when solid rock melts

59.

Which explanation describes how metamorphic rocks are formed?

a)

Metamorphic rock is formed when sedimentary and igneous rocks change over time under heat and pressure.

b)

Metamorphic rock is formed when earthquakes shake up the rocks so they are broken into small pieces.

c)

Metamorphic rock is formed when sedimentary rocks are broken down over time by wind and rain.

d)

Metamorphic rock is formed when lava that erupts from a volcano cools in the atmosphere.

60.

Lorna decided to study rocks while on vacation in Hawaii. Which type is she most likely to find in Hawaii?

a)

She will find mainly igneous rock, because Hawaii has and was formed by active volcanoes.

b)

She will find mainly sedimentary rock, because Hawaii has high winds and ocean currents.

c)

She will find mainly sedimentary rock, because Hawaii has a large amount of organic plant matter

d)

. She will find mainly metamorphic rock, because Hawaii always has high temperatures.

61.

Rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic based mainly on their

a)

texture and shape.

b)

method of formation

c)

grain size.

d)

mineral content.

62.

What is the change of rocks from one type to another type known as?

a)

metamorphism

b)

the rock cycle

c)

petrography

d)

consolidation

63.

A student analyzing an unknown rock that formed on Earth's surface observes that the rock has no layers, no individual particles or crystal grains, and is smooth and glassy. The unknown rock is most likely classified as

a)

extrusive metamorphic rock.

b)

intrusive metamorphic rock.

c)

extrusive igneous rock

d)

intrusive igneous rock.

64.

Which letter on the diagram shows sedimentary rock is broken down into sediments and transported by a stream.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

65.

Which letter on the diagram shows metamorphic rock becomes liquid and crystallizes to form igneous rock.

a)

E

b)

F

c)

G

d)

H

66.

Which letter on the diagram shows pieces of igneous rock are compressed and glued together to form a sedimentary rock.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

67.

According to this diagram, metamorphic rock is formed by

a)

melting and solidification

b)

burial and compaction

c)

weathering and erosion

d)

heat and pressure

68.

What type of rock forms directly from Deposition, Compaction, and Cementation?

a)

Igneous Rock

b)

Sedimentary Rock

c)

Metamorphic Rock

69.

What type of rock forms directly from heat and/or pressure?

a)

Igneous Rock

b)

Sedimentary Rock

c)

Metamorphic Rock

70.

What type of rock forms directly from magma?

a)

Igneous Rock

b)

Sedimentary Rock

c)

Metamorphic Rock

71.

Identify two processes required for the formation of a sedimentary rock.

a)

heat and/or pressure

b)

melting and solidification

c)

deposition and cementation

d)

weathering and erosion

72.

Identify two processes labeled in this rock cycle that change igneous rock into sediments.

a)

heat and/or pressure

b)

melting and solidification

c)

deposition and cementation

d)

weathering and erosion

73.

Identify two processes labeled in this rock cycle that must occur in order to change any rock into an igneous rock.

a)

heat and/or pressure

b)

weathering and erosion

c)

melting and solidification

d)

deposition and cememtation

74.
This rock was formed by lots of fossils that settled on top of each other over time. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
75.
What process is used to form sedimentary rocks?
a)
Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.
b)
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation
c)
Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new rocks.
d)
Magma trapped under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies.
76.

If you know the age of a fossil, you know the relative age of the ________________ it was found inside.

a)

sticky tar

b)

rock

c)

amber

d)

ice

77.

In which kind of rock do we usually find a fossil?

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

igneous rock

78.

If you know the age of a rock, you know the relative age of the _________________ that was found inside.

a)

sticky tar

b)

fossil

c)

amber

d)

ice

79.

Which of the following would be an example of absolute age?

a)

Fossil A is older than Fossil B

b)

Fossil A and Fossil B are the same age

c)

Fossil A is 10 million years old

80.
In what way can scientists determine the ages of fossils?
a)
relative dating
b)
radioactive dating
c)
law of superposition
d)
All of the above
81.
Which layer formed first?
a)
Rock Layer W
b)
Rock Layer X
c)
Rock Layer Y
d)
Rock Layer Z
82.

What are the oldest fossils and why?

a)

B, C- because they are closest to the top

b)

A, B- because they are closest to the bottom

c)

They are all the same age- because they are all found on layer 2

d)

A, B- because they are found closest to the top

83.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
84.

Which of the following can be learned by using the fossil record?

a)

When organisms changed or evolved

b)

when organisms appeared on Earth

c)

when organisms became extinct

d)

All the above

85.
By determining the age of fossils, scientists can reconstruct the history of life on Earth
a)
True
b)
False
86.
Which rock layer contains the newest fossils?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
C
87.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
88.
The best index fossils have which two traits?
a)
widespread geographically, long lifespan
b)
widespread geographically, short lifespan
c)
specific place, long lifespan
d)
specific place, short lifespan
89.
Index fossils help determine relative age through correlating rock layers.
a)
True
b)
False
90.
Which of the following organisms formed last on Earth?
a)
Jellyfish
b)
Shark
c)
Lizards
d)
Horses
91.
To be considered an index fossil, it had to have lived for a relatively short period of time.
a)
True
b)
False
92.
To be considered an index fossil, it had to have lived for a relatively short period of time.
a)
True
b)
False
93.
Which fossil makes the best index fossil?
a)
Fossil 1
b)
Fossil 2
c)
Fossil 3
d)
None follow all of the rules
94.
Does the picture represent relative or absolute dating?
a)
relative
b)
absolute
95.

What is the best reason that fossil #4 is NOT a good index fossil?

a)

It is not widespread

b)

it is not short-lived (in numerous layers)

c)

It is in half of the outcrops

96.

Which of the follow is INCORRECT about an index fossil?

a)

The fossil must have lived only during a short part of the Earth's history.

b)

Many fossils of the organism must be found in the rock layers.

c)

The fossil must be found over a wide area of the Earth and be unique.

d)

The fossil must only be found in one area.

97.

Which type of fossil would look just like the body part of a once-living thing?

a)

mineral

b)

footprint

c)

cast

d)

petrified wood

98.

Which type of rock are most fossils found?

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

igneous rock

d)

fossils

99.

If a scientist found a fish fossil in the desert, what can they infer?

a)

An animal ate the fish.

b)

The water covered the area long ago.

c)

Today's fish looks the same

d)

The fish is endangered.

100.

What replaces the wood of a once-living thing to form petrified wood?

a)

amber

b)

cast

c)

mold

d)

minerals

101.

This type of fossil is tree sap hardened and replaced by minerals.

a)

Petrified wood

b)

Imprint

c)

Amber

d)

Mold

102.

What type of fossil is pictured here?

a)

Mold fossil

b)

Trace fossil

c)

Cast fossil

d)

Body fossil

103.

What do you call a scientist that studies fossils?

a)

Scientist

b)

Paleontologist

c)

Doctor

d)

Archeologist

104.

What type of fossil gives clues about living things activities?

a)

mold fossil

b)

cast fossil

c)

body fossil

d)

trace fossil

105.

Animal footprints, worm tunnels, and the trail that a snake leaves behind are examples of...

a)

Petrified Fossils

b)

Trace Fossils

c)

Cast Fossils

d)

Carbonized Fossils

106.
Which parts of an organism are more likely to fossilize?
a)
the soft parts - skin, muscle
b)
the hard parts - bones, shells, stems
c)
all parts can become fossilized easily because the organism becomes buried by sediments
107.
A _______ is a hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism.
a)
mold
b)
cast
c)
petrified fossil
d)
trace fossil
108.
A _______ is a solid copy of the shape of an organism.
a)
mold
b)
cast 
c)
petrified fossil
d)
trace fossil
109.
_______________ are fossils in which minerals replace all or part of an organism.
a)
carbon films
b)
trace fossils
c)
petrified fossils
d)
amber
110.
These fossils provide evidence of the activities of ancient organisms.
a)
petrified fossils
b)
trace fossils
c)
molds
d)
amber
111.
A dinosaur track, a trail, and burrow are all examples of
a)
casts
b)
molds
c)
trace fossils
d)
preserved remains
112.
Becoming trapped in tar and amber, and freezing are other processes besides fossilization that organisms can be preserved.
a)
True
b)
False
113.
This is an example of a
a)
cast fossil
b)
mold fossil
c)
trace fossil
d)
carbon film
114.

What type of fossils is shown in the picture?

a)

Cast Fossil

b)

Mold Fossil

c)

Body Fossil

d)

Trace Fossil

115.

Entire organisms have been found preserved in...

(Be sure to choose ALL of the correct answers).

a)

amber (hardened tree sap)

b)

Ice

c)

Mud

d)

Rocks

116.
The diagram shows layers of sedimentary rock and examples of the fossils each layer contains, Which layer contains the oldest fossils? 
a)
A. Layer 2
b)
B. Layer 4
c)
C. Layer 1
d)
D. Layer 3
117.
Which fossil layer is the youngest? 
a)
A. Layer A
b)
B. Layer B
c)
C. Layer C
d)
D. Layer D
118.

What does the Law of Superposition tell us?

a)

The most superior rock is the top layer of rock

b)

The oldest rock is the most top layer of rock

c)

The youngest rock is the most top layer of rock

d)

The strongest rock is the most top layer of rock

119.

In which time period are we currently living?

a)

Precambrian Time

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Cenozoic Era

120.

Jellyfish are one of the oldest species on Earth. In what time period did they first appear?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

121.

In what time period did Pangaea, the super continent, appear?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

122.

Dinosaurs, small mammals, and birds are found in this time period.

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

123.

What are fossils that are abundant, easily recognizable, short lived, and widespread called?

a)

Preserved fossils

b)

Index fossils

c)

Imprints

d)

Radioactive dating

124.

Preserved remains of plants and animals from the remote past are called?

a)

Sedimentary rocks

b)

Radioactive dating

c)

Decayed organisms

d)

Fossils

125.

The Law of Superposition states

a)

Younger rocks layers are on top of older rock layers

b)

Fossils are found in sedimentary rocks

c)

Older rock layers are on top of younger rock layers

d)

Absolute age dating

126.

Which era was the longest, taking up 88% of geologic time?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

127.

What does absolute age tell us about a rock layer or fossil?

a)

The 'exact' age of a fossil determined by radiometric dating

b)

The relative age of a fossil determined by radiometric dating

c)

Younger rock layers sit on top of older rock layers

d)

Older rock layers sit on top of younger rock layers

128.

The end of an era, and the end of life for groups of organisms, is called?

a)

Death

b)

Mass extinction

c)

Transition

d)

Turning point

129.

The end of the Mesozoic Era was most likely caused by?

a)

A meteor

b)

Too much oxygen

c)

Lowering sea levels

d)

An ice age

130.

Which fossil would make the best index fossil?

a)

Beetle

b)

Flower

c)

Frog

d)

Fish

131.

What two methods are used for determining the age of rocks and fossils?

a)

Relative and Absolute Dating

b)

Carbon and Water Dating

c)

Sedimentary and Igneous Rocks

d)

Spatial and Layered Dating

132.

Use relative age dating to put the rock layers in correct order from oldest to youngest.

a)

B, D, A, E, C

b)

C, E, D, A, B

c)

A, C, E, D, B

d)

C, E, D, B, A

133.

Marine plants and invertebrates were abundant during which era?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

134.

Which is the youngest rock layer?

a)

Siltstone

b)

Conglomerate

c)

Mudstone

d)

Limestone

135.

Which rock layer is oldest from Site 1?

a)

G

b)

B

c)

A

d)

E

136.

Which of the fossils is the oldest?

a)

Dinosaur

b)

Bird

c)

Shell

d)

Ammonite

137.

Which time period is the longest?

a)

Precambrian Time

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Cenozoic Era

138.

When classifying time using the Geologic Time Scale which unit is the largest unit of time?

a)

Period

b)

Eon

c)

Epoch

d)

Era

139.

Earth is thought to be formed ______ years ago?

a)

200 thousand

b)

3 million

c)

4.6 billion

d)

who knows

140.

Put the following units of geological time in order from largest to smallest unit of time.

a)

Epoch, Eon, Era, Period

b)

Epoch, Period, Era, Eon

c)

Eon, Era, Period, Epoch

d)

Period, Eon, Period, Era

141.
Place the following in order starting with the OLDEST
1  Paleozoic
2  Cenozoic
3  Precambrian
4  Mesozoic
a)
1 3 2 4 
b)
3 1 4 2
c)
4 3 2 1 
d)
2 3 1 4
142.

a model scientists use to describe the timing of events and the relationships between those events in earth’s history.

a)

geologic time scale

b)

era

c)

period

d)

epoch

143.

A trend we see in the geologic time scale is that fossils become more ______ over time.

a)

complex

b)

simple

c)

heavy

d)

purple

144.

Saying you are older than your sister is an example of _______.

a)

absolute age

b)

relative age

145.
Which type of animal appears earliest in the fossil record?  (OLDEST)
a)
Reptiles
b)
Birds
c)
Dinosaurs
d)
Fish
146.

What are the four eras in order from OLDEST to NEWEST?

a)

Pre-Cambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

b)

Pre-Cambrian, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Cenozoic

c)

Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Pre-Cambrian

d)

Mesozoic, Pre-Cambrian, Cenozoic, Paleozoic

147.

What era did trilobites, fishes, and other marine organisms dominate?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

148.

Which era is the most recent, the one that we are currently in?

a)

Mesozoic

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Cenozoic

d)

Precambrian

149.

Mass extinctions occurred at the end of both the ______________ and the _______________ Eras.

a)

Paleozoic and Cenozoic

b)

Cenozoic and Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic and Mesozoic

d)

None of the above

150.
Which type of rock results from the melting and cooling of magma?
a)
Intrusive
b)
Extrusive
c)
Foliated
d)
Nonfoliated
151.
Metamorphic rocks are formed by...
a)
Weathering and Erosion
b)
Heat and Pressure
c)
Melting and Cooling
d)
Deposition and Crystallizing
152.

Sedimentary Rock --> ____________--> Sediment

a)

compaction and cemetation

b)

weathering and erosion

c)

heat and pressure

d)

melting and cooling

153.

Magma --> _____________ --> Igneous Rock

a)

Melting

b)

Cooling

c)

Metamorphism

d)

Compaction

154.

Which is NOT accurate?

a)

Igneous -->Melting --> Magma

b)

Sediment --> Compaction --> Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic --> Heat and Pressure --> Sedimentary

d)

Magma --> Cooling --> Igneous

155.

Metamorphic Rock --> Weathering & Erosion --> __________

a)

Magma

b)

Igneous

c)

Sediment

d)

Metamorphic

156.

Sedimentary --> ____________--> magma

a)

Weathering and Erosion

b)

Heat and Pressure

c)

Melting

d)

Cooling

157.

Foliated or Non-Foliated?

a)

Foliated

b)

Non-Foliated

158.

Foliated or Non-Foliated?

a)

Foliated

b)

Non-Foliated

159.

Foliated or Non-Foliated?

a)

Foliated

b)

Non-Foliated

160.

rock that forms as a result of volcanic activity at or near the Earth’s surface.

a)

Igneous Rock

b)

Extrusive

c)

Sedimentary Rock

d)

Intrusive Rock

161.

the texture of a metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands.

a)

Foliated

b)

Nonfoliated

c)

Chemical

d)

Extrusive

162.

the quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rock’s grains.

a)

Sediment

b)

Grain

c)

Texture

d)

Cement

163.

a series of processes in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes.

a)

Rock Cycle

b)

Rock System

c)

Minerals

d)

Rock Process

164.

the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another.

a)

Deposition

b)

Compaction

c)

Erosion

d)

Cementation

165.

a rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the Earth’s surface.

a)

Extrusive

b)

Intrusive

c)

Foliated

d)

Clastic

166.

sedimentary rock that forms where remains of organisms are deposited in thick layers.

a)

Clastic

b)

Chemical

c)

Organic

d)

Fossil

167.

the process in which material is laid down.

a)

Cementation

b)

Erosion

c)

Compaction

d)

Deposition

168.

a type of sedimentary rock that is made of rock fragments that have been cemented together by a mineral such as calcite or quartz.

a)

Organic

b)

Chemical

c)

Clastic

d)

Compound

169.

term used to describe metamorphic rocks whose grains are arranged in planes or bands.

a)

Nonfoliated

b)

Chemical

c)

Strata

d)

Foliated

170.

a sedimentary rock that forms from solutions of dissolved minerals and water.

a)

Clastic

b)

Organic

c)

Fossil

d)

Chemical

171.

the chemical make-up of a rock; describes either minerals or other materials in the rock.

a)

Cementation

b)

Compaction

c)

Composition

d)

Chemicalization

172.
Metamorphic rocks form from ___.
a)
igneous rocks
b)
other metamorphic rocks
c)
sedimentary rocks
d)
all types of rocks
173.
What are the two main types of metamorphic rocks and how are they different?
a)
intrusive and extrusive; intrusive rocks are formed inside the earth and extrusive rocks are formed on the surface
b)
foliated and nonfoliated; foliated rocks do not have visible bands/layers and nonfoliated rocks do have visible bands/layers
c)
intrusive and extrusive; intrusive rocks are formed on the earth's surface and extrusive rocks are formed in the Earth
d)
foliated and nonfoliated; foliated rocks have visible bands/layers and nonfoliated rocks do not have visible bands/layers
174.
__________  metamorphic rocks have mineral grains that are not arranged in distinct bands.
a)
Conglomerate
b)
Non-foliated
c)
Foliated
d)
Permeated
175.
Formed by cooling & solidification of magma
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Extrusive Igneous
d)
Intrusive Igneous
176.
Has large crystals because of slow cooling
a)
sedimentary rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
intrusive igneous rock
d)
extrusive igneous rock
177.
Has small or no crystals because of rapid cooling
a)
sedimentary
b)
metamorphic
c)
extrusive igneous
d)
intrusive igneous
178.
Has wavy bands.
a)
sedimentary rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
extrusive igneous rock
d)
intrusive igneous rock
179.
Contains fossils. 
a)
sedimentary rocks
b)
metamorphic rocks
c)
extrusive igneous rocks
d)
intrusive igneous rocks
180.
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Extrusive Igneous Rock
c)
Intrusive Igneous Rock
d)
Metamorphic Rock
181.
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Extrusive Igneous Rock
c)
Intrusive Igneous Rock
d)
Metamorphic Rock
182.
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Extrusive Igneous Rock
c)
Intrusive Igneous Rock
d)
Metamorphic Rock
183.
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Extrusive Igneous Rock
c)
Intrusive Igneous Rock
d)
Metamorphic Rock
184.
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Extrusive Igneous Rock
c)
Intrusive Igneous Rock
d)
Metamorphic Rock
185.

a sedimentary rock formed when rock fragments are squeezed together

a)

clastic

b)

organic

c)

chemical

d)

extrusive

186.

a sedimentary rock formed where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in layers

a)

clastic

b)

organic

c)

intrusive

d)

extrusive

187.

a sedimentary rock formed when minerals dissolved in a water solution crystallize

a)

extrusive

b)

organic

c)

intrusive

d)

chemical

188.

metamorphic rock with mineral grains arranged randomly and not in layers

a)

foliated

b)

nonfoliated

c)

intrusive

d)

extrusive

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