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WorksheetsS2 BIO TEST 3 CH15: Mutations, Pedigree, Karyotypes
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 58mins
A karyotype is assembled from the cell of a human donor who has a genetic disorder. Which disorder can be determined by studying the karyotype?
A chromosomal disorder, such as Downs Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder such as Huntington’s Disease
A genetic disorder caused by a point mutation, such as sickle cell
An X- Linked genetic disorder, such as colorblindness
A photograph of all of the chromosomes arranged in pairs is called a _____.
karyotype
pedigree
punnett square
venn diagram
A human karyotype has _____.
23 pairs of autosomes and 2 pairs of sex chromosomes
22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
23 pairs of sex chromosomes and 2 pairs of autosomes
22 pairs of sex chromosomes and 1 pair of autosomes
A _____ shows family relationships and the presence or absence of a trait in each member.
karyotype
pedigree
genome
punnett square
The diagram shows 4 pairs of chromosomes from a human male. Which pair of chromosomes is the sex chromosomes?
Pair 1
Pair 2
Pair 3
Pair 4
Sophie is studying the karyotype of an unknown human donor. She observes that in each of the chromosome pairs, the two chromosomes have the same size and shape. What can Sophie conclude from these observations?
The donor is female
The donor is male
The donor will express only the dominant forms of traits.
The donor will express only the recessive forms of traits.
A genetic disorder is caused by a sex- linked allele on the Y chromosome. How is this disorder inherited?
from father to son
from mother to son
from father to son or daughter
from mother to son or daughter
What is the probability of a couple having a son who is colorblind if the mother is a carrier (XCXc) and the father has normal vision (XcY)? Colorblindness is a recessive trait.
HINT: Do a Punnett Square
25%
50%
75%
100%
Which gender can carry colorblindness if it is an X- linked trait?
females
males
both
neither
In a pedigree, squares represent _____, and circles represent _____.
males; females
males; males
females; females
females; males
If a woman, who carries colorblindness, marries a colorblind man, what is the probability that one of their children will be colorblind?
25%
50%
100%
0%
Based on the pedigree, which sex CANNOT be carriers of colorblindness?
males
females
both
depends on age
What pattern of inheritance is shown in the above pedigree?
sex- linked
incomplete dominance
autosomal dominant
autosomal recessive
What kind of individuals are in II-2, 4, 7; III-2, 7; and IV-3, 6?
carrier female
carrier male
colorblind male
colorblind female
Which individual describes a male with normal vision?
II-6
IV-5
III-5
I-1
A scientist describes the karyotype of a human egg cell as (23, X). The egg cell unites with a sperm cell to form the first cell of a healthy baby boy. What is the karyotype of the sperm cell?
(23, XY)
(23, Y)
(23, XX)
(23, X)
Consider the abbreviated model of meiosis. The end result of meiosis should be the production of four haploid gametes. In this example, an error has taken place. Describe and name this error.
Non-disjunction of sister chromatids during meiosis II. Sister chromatids fail to separate.
Translocation of sister chromatids during meiosis II. One chromatid is translocated into incorrect cell.
Separation mutation during meiosis I. Resulting gametes in meiosis II have incorrect chromosome number at end of meiosis.
Replication error during meiosis I. Results of mutation show during meiosis II as incorrect chromosome number in two gametes.
Digestive enzymes in your stomach and intestines help digest the food you eat. If you are lactose intolerant and cannot digest milk products, it is the result of a mutated message in your
chromosomes
X or Y chromosomes
lysosomes
nucleolus
The genotype of individual 2 could be _____.
ee, only
EE or Ee
Ee, only
EE, only
Is this pedigree showing a dominant or a recessive trait?
recessive
Dominant
none of these
Mustard gas removes guanine from DNA. For developing embryos, exposure to mustard gas can cause serious deformities because guanine _____.
is part of the genetic code.
produces energy for DNA replication.
stores the building blocks of proteins.
causes mutations in DNA.
Sequences for the types of hemoglobin are shown. Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a mutation of one nucleotide in a gene. The type of mutation that causes sickle-cell anemia is known as _____.
an insertion mutation
a frameshift mutation
an inversion mutation
a point mutation
In a species of plant, the sudden appearance of one plant with a different leaf structure would most likely be the result of _____.
chromosomal mutations.
asexual reproduction.
slow environmental changes.
stable gene frequencies.
How can Diagram 1 be identified?
male with Down syndrome
normal male
female with Down syndrome
normal female
How can Diagram 2 be identified?
male with Down syndrome
normal male
female with Down syndrome
normal female
_____ is a technique used to organize DNA fragments in order of size.
Gel Electrophoresis
Restriction enzymes
PCR
Cloning
What pattern of inheritance is shown in the pedigree above?
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
X-link Dominant
X-link Recessive
What is the genotype of individual III-8?
AA
Aa
aa
none of these
Is selective breeding an example of biotechnology? Why or why not?
Yes. Selective breeding involves the application of technology to living things.
Yes. Selective breeding allows a species to incorporate beneficial genes from another species.
No. Selective breeding is a process that occurs naturally among plants or animals.
No. Selective breeding does not involve technical processes that occur in laboratories.
Luther Burbank bred potatoes that combined a variety of useful traits. One of Burbank’s breeding techniques was hybridization. Which cross of potato plants would have been MOST USEFUL for producing a useful strain by hybridization?
a disease-resistant plant crossed with a plant that is not disease resistant
a plant that is not disease resistant crossed with a plant that produces a low volume of food
a disease-resistant plant crossed with a plant that produced a low volume of food
a disease-resistant plant crossed with a plant that produced a high volume of food
Tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following represents a genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?
Tt
TT
tt
T
The phenotype of an organism _____.
is the physical appearance of a trait.
is used to represent its genetic composition.
cannot be seen.
occurs only in dominant individuals.
The light independent reactions take place in the _____.
stroma
thylakoid
mitochondria
golgi apparatus
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and _____ are converted through a series of reactions into two products: high-energy _____ and _____ gas.
water; glucose; oxygen
glucose; water; oxygen
oxygen; water; glucose
water; oxygen; glucose
What are the two processes that keep the carbon cycle going?
photosynthesis and cellular respiration
gametophyte and sporophyte
mitosis and meiosis
none of the above
It is very common for yellow labs to have bad hips. This is because owners want purebred yellow labs who are good hunting dogs. This is an example of
Natural Selection
Inbreeding
Hybridization
Fossil Record
Crossing a red sweet apple with a large disease resistant apple is an example of ________________.
inbreeding
cloning
natural selection
hybridization
All these birds are finches but they have developed different beaks due to the type of foods available to them, this is because of
Natural Selection
Selective Breeding
What process is being shown in this image?
Selective Breeding
Natural Selection
Another name for Selective Breeding is
Evolution
Natural Selection
Extinction
Artificial Selection
A mutation is defined as:
A change in the cell's structure
Anything that changes in an embryo
Any change in the physical features of a human
A change in the DNA sequence
A mutation in which only one nucleotide is altered is called a:
Frameshift Mutation
Deletion Mutation
Point Mutation
Insertion Mutation
ATTTGAGCC- Original
ATTGAGCC - Mutated
The example above is an example of a
Insertion
Point mutation
Deletion
Substitution
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
Which Karyotype displays a female with Down syndrome?
