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Ecology and Evolution

Total questions: 51

Worksheet time: 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
When would convergent evolution occur?
a)
When organisms share a common ancestor
b)
When organisms live in similar environments
c)
When organisms become increasingly different
d)
When organisms experience a change in their environment
2.
Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?
a)
The function of these bones is the same in all animals
b)
They live in similar environments
c)
They have a common ancestor
d)
All organisms resemble humans
3.
Bird wings and butterfly wings are an example of
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Mimicry
d)
Camoflague
4.
Shark fins and dolphin fins are examples of analogous structures.
a)
True
b)
False
5.
Analogous structures show common ancestry.
a)
True
b)
False
6.
Individuals with favorable traits survive, reproduce, and pass their traits onto their offspring. This is called
a)
Mutation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Evolution
d)
Natural Selection
7.
Which of the following pieces of evolution evidence deals with comparing similar structures in various species?
a)
fossil record
b)
comparing embryology
c)
comparing biochemistry
d)
comparing anatomy
8.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil structures
9.
How would you describe this evolution?
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Structural adaption
d)
Functional adaption
10.
The structures shown are_________
a)
homologous
b)
heterologous
c)
analogous
d)
vestigial
11.

The success of an organism in surviving and reproducing is a measure of its:

a)

Polygenetic traits

b)

Fitness

c)

Speciation

d)

Gene pool

12.

The type of selection in which individuals of average size have greater fitness than small or large individuals in called:

a)

Genetic drift

b)

Disruptive selection

c)

Stabilizing selection

d)

Directive selection

13.

The type of selection in which individuals at one end of a curve have the highest fitness is called:

a)

Stabilizing selection

b)

Directional selection

c)

directive selection

d)

The founder effect

14.

A random change in a small population's allele frequency is knows as"

a)

A gene pool

b)

Genetic drift

c)

Variation

d)

Fitness

15.

A change in allele frequency that results from the migration of a small subgroup of a population is called:

a)

Natural selection

b)

The founder effect

c)

The hardy Weinberg principle

d)

Genetic equilibrium

16.

A group of individuals of the same species that interbreed make up a:

a)

Gene pool

b)

Species

c)

Population

d)

Genetic drift

17.

Which answer best shows an animal's adaptation to the tropical rain forest?

a)

camouflage in a tree frog

b)

the long neck of a giraffe

c)

an elephant's long trunk

d)

migration of birds in winter

18.
Humans have been a very successful species on earth.  They have very large, very diverse populations spread all around the world. As a result,
a)
Human have very limited ability to adapt to changes in the environment.
b)
Young humans have lower survival rates as compared to other species.
c)
Humans have a potential to adapt to various environmental changes.
d)
All humans are more disease resistant.
19.
Which of the following explains adaptation.
a)
An individual organism changes to meet its needs in the environment. These changes pass down to their offspring.
b)
The species as a whole changes their characteristics.
c)
Beneficial traits allow organism to survive and pass on those traits
d)
New characteristics arise in a species as needed.  If these traits are helpful, they are passed down.
20.
A large herd of goats lives in a field full of poison ivy.  Some goats are able to eat the poison ivy while others have become sick when they eat it. Over time the herd as a whole will tend to
a)
Become more likely to eat poison ivy.
b)
Become less likely to eat poison ivy.
c)
Not change in the proportion of goats that can and can not eat poison ivy.
d)
Eat all the poison ivy and leave only plants all the goats can eat.
21.

Where are hereditary traits stored in all organisms?

a)

In the blood

b)

In the brain

c)

In the DNA

d)

In the heart

22.

Why might it be helpful for a species to have a lot of variations?

a)

They can't be seen by predators

b)

If the environment changes, they might be better able to adapt

c)

It is helpful in asexual reproduction

d)

They don't recognize each other

23.

If a sick person takes an antibiotic but it doesn't kill all of the bacteria causing the sickness, what might explain this?

a)

Variations in the bacteria allowed some organisms to be less affected by the antibiotic?

b)

Bacteria cannot be killed by antibiotics

c)

You cannot cure a bacterial infection

d)

Bacteria do not cause sicknesses

24.

On the Galapagos Islands, different finches evolved on different islands to fit their environment. When a species develops unique traits because it is trapped in one area this is called:

a)

Geographic isolation

b)

Geologic separation

c)

General relocation

d)

Genetic differentiation

25.

One female salmon can lay hundreds of eggs. Why doesn't the salmon population increase dramatically?

a)

Salmon reproduce asexually

b)

Most offspring do not grow up to reproduce

c)

Salmon eggs don't hatch

d)

Salmon are extinct

26.

individuals with alleles for an extreme type are more likely to survive and reproduce

a)

stabilizing selection

b)

directional selection

c)

disruptive selection

d)

genetic drift

27.

the selection pressure favors the extreme phenotypes, dividing the population into 2 distinct groups

a)

directional selection

b)

stabilizing selection

c)

geographic selection

d)

disruptive selection

28.

Individuals with intermediate traits are more likely to survive and reproduce

a)

stabilizing selection

b)

directional selection

c)

adaptive radiation

d)

disruptive selection

29.

Speciation can occur as a result of geographic isolation because _________.

a)

members of a species can no longer find mates

b)

populations that live in different environments may be exposed to different selection pressures

c)

exchange of genes during recombination

d)

movement of genes within a population because of interbreeding

30.

The dolphin and the shark are similar because they have

Both adapted to a marine (ocean) environment and they both have a similar body shape but they do not share a recent common ancestor. This is known as ___________.

a)

coevolution

b)

ancestral breeding

c)

artificial selection

d)

convergent evolution

31.
How do lichens contribute to primary succession?
a)
Lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants
b)
Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil
c)
Lichens are nitrogen fixing bacteria
d)
Lichens convert carbohydrates into fossil fuels.
32.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
eutrophication
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
33.
After a forest fire, an ecosystem would start regrowth through -
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
c)
climax community
d)
limiting factors
34.
starts with bare rock followed by lichen
a)
primary succession 
b)
secondary succession
c)
both types of succession
35.
When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat.  Why do they do this?
a)
Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly
b)
Non-native  plants cause native animals to relocate
c)
Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine
d)
Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources
36.
What effect will an invasive species have on the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
a)
The carrying capacity will increase
b)
The carrying capacity for everyone will decrease
c)
The carrying capacity will only decrease for those in competition for same resource
d)
The carrying capacity for all animals will stay the same
37.
If a blue catfish is introduced and eats the large fish who eat the smaller fish, what will happen to the population of the smaller fish?
a)
Increase
b)
Decrease
c)
Stay the same
d)
No affect on smaller fish
38.
Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
competition
d)
parasitism
39.
A tapeworm and a cat have this type of relationship.
a)
mutualism
b)
parasitism
c)
commensalism
d)
competition
40.
What type of symbiosis?  Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers.  The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
41.
What type of symbiosis?  Skunks often live in burrows that have been dug and abandoned by woodchucks.  
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
42.
Red-billed oxpeckers are birds that often feed on parasites that infest impala.  This is an example of _______.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
neutralism
d)
competition
43.
When a mosquito bites you, you are the __________ and the mosquito is the  ____________.
a)
host, hostess
b)
parasite, host
c)
host, parasite
d)
prey, predator
44.

Aphids are tiny insects that live on and eat the leaves of plants, removing vital nutrients from the plants.

a)

Predation

b)

Parasitism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Mutualism

45.
Use the diagram to answer the question.
The Mayfly is a food source for which 3 organisms?
a)
Frog, Dragon Fly and snake
b)
Frog, trout and dragon fly
c)
Frog, salamander and trout
d)
Frog and phytoplankton
46.
The deer, grasshopper, and bird are all examples of which type of consumers on this food pyramid?
a)
decomposers
b)
omnivores
c)
carnivore
d)
herbivore
47.

According to this phylogenetic tree, which creature is the least related out of all pictured?

a)

Fish

b)

Frog

c)

Salamander

d)

Human

48.

Which of these animals does not have/produce an amniotic egg?

a)

Turtle

b)

Leopard

c)

Lamprey

d)

All three of these animals produce the amniotic egg

49.

According to this image, when did the ancestors of Indohyus and Pakicetus diverge?

a)

52 million years ago

b)

56 million years ago

c)

25 million years ago

d)

47 million years ago

50.
In the energy pyramid, which organism has the least amount of energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Top Predator
51.

Which pyramid of biomass is correct for the food chain shown?

a)
b)
c)
d)

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