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Nervous System Part III

Total questions: 123

Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The focus of nervous system part III is the _

a)

Central nervous system (CNS) and its divisions

b)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) and its divisions

2.

Which of the following are organs of the PNS?

a)

Spinal nerves

b)

Cranial nerves

c)

Ganglia

d)

Brain

e)

Spinal cord

3.

Spinal nerves contain _

a)

One neuron

b)

Many neurons

4.

Spinal nerves are bundles of neuronal _

a)

Axons

b)

Dendrites

c)

Somata

d)

Terminals

5.

Spinal nerves contain _

a)

Sensory neurons

b)

Motor neurons

c)

Interneurons

d)

Glial cells

6.

Spinal nerves connect to the _

a)

Spinal cord

b)

Brain

c)

Sensory organs

7.

Sensory neurons in spinal nerves transmit electrochemical signals towards _

a)

The spinal cord from sensory receptor cells

b)

Sensory receptor cells from the spinal cord

c)

The spinal cord from muscles and glands

d)

Muscles and glands from the spinal cod

8.

Motor neurons in spinal nerves transmit electrochemical signals towards _

a)

The spinal cord from sensory receptor cells

b)

Sensory receptor cells from the spinal cord

c)

The spinal cord from muscles and glands

d)

Muscles and glands from the spinal cod

9.

Cranial nerves contain _

a)

One neuron

b)

Many neurons

10.

Cranial nerves are bundles of neuronal _

a)

Axons

b)

Dendrites

c)

Somata

d)

Terminals

11.

Cranial nerves contain _

a)

Sensory neurons

b)

Motor neurons

c)

Interneurons

d)

Glial cells

12.

Cranial nerves connect to the _

a)

Spinal cord

b)

Brain

c)

Sensory organs

d)

Skull

13.

Sensory neurons in cranial nerves transmit electrochemical signals towards _

a)

The brain from sensory receptor cells

b)

Sensory receptor cells from the brain

c)

Muscles and glands from sensory receptor cells

d)

Muscles and glands from the brain

14.

Motor neurons in cranial nerves transmit electrochemical signals towards _

a)

The brain from sensory receptor cells

b)

Sensory receptor cells from the brain

c)

Muscles and glands from sensory receptor cells

d)

Muscles and glands from the brain

15.

Ganglia contain _

a)

Many neuronal cell bodies (somata)

b)

One neuronal cell body (soma)

c)

Many neuronal axons

d)

One neuronal axon

16.

Ganglia primarily function in _ electrochemical signals in the PNS

a)

Relaying

b)

Generating

c)

Terminating

17.

What are the major divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

a)

Sensory system

b)

Motor system

c)

Somatic nervous system

d)

Autonomic nervous system

e)

Sympathetic nervous system

18.

What are the subdivisions of the motor system?

a)

Sensory system

b)

Parasympathetic nervous system

c)

Somatic nervous system

d)

Autonomic nervous system

e)

Sympathetic nervous system

19.

What are the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

a)

Sensory system

b)

Parasympathetic nervous system

c)

Somatic nervous system

d)

Motor system

e)

Sympathetic nervous system

20.

Sensory receptors allow for the transmission of action potentials towards the _

a)

CNS

b)

PNS

21.

Sensory receptors inform the CNS of

a)

Internal conditions

b)

External conditions

c)

Both answers are correct

22.

_ are a type of sensory receptor

a)

Sensory neurons

b)

Motor neurons

c)

Interneurons

d)

Glial cells

23.

Sensory neurons that act as sensory receptors utilize free _ to receive stimuli

a)

Dendrites

b)

Axons

c)

Terminals

d)

Somata

24.

Sensory receptors are ALWAYS sensory neurons

a)

True

b)

False

25.

How do specialized sensory receptors cells initiate action potentials (in response to a stimulus)?

a)

By generating them on their own

b)

By secreting neurotransmitters to an adjacent sensory neuron

c)

By secreting neurotransmitters to an adjacent motor neuron

d)

By secreting hormones to a nearby blood vessel

26.

Sensory receptors communicate the intensity of a stimulus by increasing the _ of action potentials transmitted towards the brain

a)

Amount

b)

Frequency

c)

Intensity

d)

Consistency

27.

Sensory receptors allow for _

a)

The 5 senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch)

b)

Many different senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch, balance/coordination, pain, temperature, humidity, IV radiation, UV radiation, pressure in blood vessels, etc.)

28.

The stimuli of chemoreceptors are _

a)

Molecules

b)

Ions

c)

Light

d)

Pressure

29.

The stimulus of thermoreceptors is _

a)

Thermal energy

b)

Heat

c)

Temperature

d)

Hot/cold

e)

All answers are acceptable, but thermal energy is the best answer

30.

The stimulus of mechanoreceptors is _

a)

Molecules

b)

Ions

c)

Light

d)

Pressure

e)

Force/area

31.

The stimulus of nociceptors is _

a)

Tissue damage (pain)

b)

Positioning in 3D space (balance/coordination)

c)

Pressure (force/area)

d)

Electromagnetic radiation

e)

Osmolarity of fluids

32.

The stimulus of proprioceptors is _

a)

Tissue damage (pain)

b)

Positioning in 3D space (balance/coordination)

c)

Pressure (force/area)

d)

Electromagnetic radiation

e)

Osmolarity of fluids

33.

The stimulus of photoreceptors is _

a)

Light

b)

Pressure

c)

Molecules

d)

Pain

e)

3D positioning

34.

Photoreceptors detect _

a)

Visible light waves (ROYGBIV)

b)

Gamma waves

c)

Radio waves

d)

IV radiation

e)

UV radiation

35.

What allows sensory receptors to generate action potentials after stimulus reception (in certain cases)?

a)

Signal transduction pathways

b)

Membrane hyperpolarization

c)

Regulation of gene expression

d)

Increased rate of mitosis and meiosis

e)

Membrane repolarization

36.

What are signal transduction pathways?

a)

Cascades of neurotransmitter secretion

b)

Series of enzyme controlled biochemical reactions

c)

Mechanisms that hyperpolarize membranes

d)

Processes that initiate the binding of ligands to their appropriate receptors

e)

Events that prevent sensory receptors from generating action potentials

37.

_ is the stimulus received in vision

a)

Light

b)

Sound

c)

Molecules/ions

d)

Head/body movement

38.

In vision, light passes through the _ of the eye

a)

Cornea, pupil, and then lens

b)

Pupil, cornea, and then lens

c)

Lens, pupil, and then cornea

d)

Cornea, lens, and then pupil

e)

Lens, cornea, and then pupil

39.

Which of the following describes the function of the iris in vision?

a)

Controlling the amount of light that enters the eye

b)

Protecting the eye from mechanical and chemical damage

c)

Bending light and focusing it on the back on the eye

d)

Allowing light to enter the eye into the vitreous humor

e)

Constricting and dilating the optic nerve

40.

In vision, _ receive the stimulus of light

a)

Photoreceptors

b)

Mechanoreceptors

c)

Chemoreceptors

d)

Nociceptors

e)

Proprioceptors

41.

The photoreceptors responsible for vision are located on the _

a)

Retina

b)

Pupil

c)

Cornea

d)

Iris

e)

Lens

42.

_ are photoreceptors that allow for black & white vision

a)

Rods

b)

Cones

43.

_ are photoreceptors that allow for color vision

a)

Rods

b)

Cones

44.

_ are photoreceptors that allow for sharpness of vision

a)

Rods

b)

Cones

45.

What initiates the formation of an action potential in vision?

a)

A conformational change in rhodopsin

b)

The activation of tranducin

c)

The activation of phosphodiesterase

d)

The closing of cation channels

e)

The secretion of stimulatory neurotransmitters

46.

The _ nerves allow for vision

a)

Optic

b)

Vestibulocochlear

c)

Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

d)

Olfactory

47.

The visual cortex is located in the _ lobe of the cerebrum

a)

Occipital

b)

Parietal

c)

Temporal

d)

Frontal

48.

_ is the stimulus received in audition

a)

Light

b)

Sound

c)

Molecules/ions

d)

Head/body movement

49.

In audition, sound waves initially travel through the _ (external ear)

a)

Pinna

b)

Tympanic membrane

c)

Ossicles

d)

Cochlea

e)

Oval window

50.

In audition, sound waves initially travel through the pinna until they reach the _

a)

Pinna

b)

Tympanic membrane

c)

Ossicles

d)

Cochlea

e)

Oval window

51.

What does the tympanic membrane (eardrum) do in response to sound waves?

a)

It vibrates

b)

It amplifies the sound

c)

It secretes stimulatory neurotransmitters

d)

It initiates a signal transduction pathway

e)

It migrates to the cochlea

52.

What is the relationship between the tympanic membrane and the ossicles (small bones)?

a)

The ossicles amplify the vibrations produced by the tympanic membrane

b)

The ossicles increase the frequency of vibrations produced by the tympanic membrane

c)

The ossicles convert the vibrations produced by the tympanic membrane into an action potential

d)

The ossicles protect the tympanic membrane from rupturing due to vibrations

e)

The tympanic membrane amplifies the vibrations produced by the ossicles

53.

In audition, _ receive the stimulus of sound waves (via vibrations)

a)

Photoreceptors

b)

Mechanoreceptors

c)

Chemoreceptors

d)

Nociceptors

e)

Proprioceptors

54.

_ are the specific type of mechanoreceptors that respond to vibrations in audition

a)

Rods and cones

b)

Hair cells

c)

Gustatory cells

d)

Olfactory sensory neurons

e)

Proprioceptors

55.

Hair cells responsible for audition are located in the _ of the inner ear

a)

Cochlea

b)

Oval window

c)

Pinna

d)

Tympanic membrane

e)

Ossicles

56.

In response to vibrations produced by sound waves (generated by the tympanic membrane and amplified by the ossicles), hair cells (mechanoreceptors) in the cochlea of the inner ear _

a)

Bend

b)

Secrete stimulatory neurotransmitters

c)

Undergo a conformational change

d)

Initiate a signal transduction pathway

57.

In response to vibrations produced by sound waves (generated by the tympanic membrane and amplified by the ossicles), hair cells (mechanoreceptors) in the cochlea of the inner ear bend. This causes the _

a)

Secretion of inhibitory neurotransmitters

b)

Secretion of stimulatory neurotransmitters

c)

Initiation of a signal transduction pathway

d)

Termination of a signal transduction pathway

58.

The _ nerves allow for audition

a)

Optic

b)

Vestibulocochlear

c)

Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

d)

Olfactory

59.

The auditory cortex is located in the _ lobe of the cerebrum

a)

Occipital

b)

Parietal

c)

Temporal

d)

Frontal

60.

_ is the stimulus received in gustation

a)

Light

b)

Sound

c)

Molecules/ions

d)

Head/body movement

61.

In gustation, _ receive the stimulus of tastants (molecules/ions)

a)

Photoreceptors

b)

Mechanoreceptors

c)

Chemoreceptors

d)

Nociceptors

e)

Proprioceptors

62.

_ are the chemoreceptors that allow tastants (molecules/ions) to bind in gustation

a)

Gustatory cells

b)

Taste buds

c)

Papillae (folds of the tongue)

d)

Olfactory sensory neurons

e)

Hair cells

63.

Gustatory cells _ in response to specific tastant (molecule/ion) binding/reception

a)

Secrete inhibitory neurotransmitters

b)

Secrete stimulatory neurotransmitters

c)

Initiate a signal transduction pathway

d)

Terminate a signal transduction pathway

64.

The _ nerves allow for gustation

a)

Optic

b)

Vestibulocochlear

c)

Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

d)

Olfactory

65.

The gustatory cortex is located in the _ lobe of the cerebrum

a)

Occipital

b)

Parietal

c)

Temporal

d)

Frontal

66.

_ is the stimulus received in olfaction

a)

Light

b)

Sound

c)

Molecules/ions

d)

Head/body movement

67.

Nasal hair and mucus _ inhaled air in olfaction

a)

Filter

b)

Amplify

c)

Bend

d)

Taste?

e)

Smell?

68.

In olfaction, _ receive the stimulus of odorants (molecules/ions)

a)

Photoreceptors

b)

Mechanoreceptors

c)

Chemoreceptors

d)

Nociceptors

e)

Proprioceptors

69.

_ are the chemoreceptors that allow odorants (molecules/ions) to bind in olfaction

a)

Gustatory cells

b)

Taste buds

c)

Papillae (folds of the tongue)

d)

Olfactory sensory neurons

e)

Hair cells

70.

Where are olfactory sensory neurons located?

a)

On the olfactory epithelium of the nostrils

b)

In the taste buds of the papillae

c)

In the cochlea of the inner ear

d)

On the retina of the back of the eye

e)

In the semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus

71.

Olfactory sensory neurons _ in response to specific odorant (molecule/ion) binding/reception

a)

Secrete inhibitory neurotransmitters

b)

Secrete stimulatory neurotransmitters

c)

Initiate a signal transduction pathway

d)

Terminate a signal transduction pathway

72.

The _ nerves allow for olfaction

a)

Optic

b)

Vestibulocochlear

c)

Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

d)

Olfactory

73.

The olfactory cortex is located in the _ lobe of the cerebrum

a)

Occipital

b)

Parietal

c)

Temporal

d)

Frontal

74.

Besides the olfactory cortex, which other brain region is responsible for integrating olfaction?

a)

The limbic system

b)

The cerebellum

c)

The brainstem

d)

The basal ganglia

e)

The thalamus and hypothalamus

75.

_ is the stimulus received in proprioception

a)

Light

b)

Sound

c)

Molecules/ions

d)

Head/body movement

76.

In proprioception, head/body movement causes _

a)

Fluid in the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear to move

b)

Hair cells in the cochlea of the inner ear to bend

77.

In proprioception, _ receive the stimulus of head/body movement

a)

Photoreceptors

b)

Mechanoreceptors

c)

Chemoreceptors

d)

Nociceptors

78.

_ are the mechanoreceptors that detect head/body movement in proprioception

a)

Gustatory cells

b)

Taste buds

c)

Papillae (folds of the tongue)

d)

Olfactory sensory neurons

e)

Hair cells

79.

Hair cells that detect fluid movement caused by head/body movement (proprioception) are located in _

a)

Semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus

b)

Semicircular canals of the cochlea

c)

Organ of Corti of the vestibular apparatus

d)

Organ of Corti of the cochlea

80.

In response to head/body movement, which causes fluid in the semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus to move, hair cells _

a)

Depolarize

b)

Repolarize

c)

Hyperpolarize

d)

Polarize

e)

Secrete stimulatory neurotransmitters

81.

The _ nerves allow for proprioception

a)

Optic

b)

Vestibulocochlear

c)

Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

d)

Olfactory

82.

The vestibular cortex (allows for proprioception) is located in the _ lobe of the cerebrum

a)

Occipital

b)

Parietal

c)

Temporal

d)

Frontal

83.

Besides the vestibular cortex, which other brain region is responsible for integrating balance/coordination (proprioception)?

a)

The limbic system

b)

The cerebellum

c)

The brainstem

d)

The basal ganglia

e)

The thalamus and hypothalamus

84.

The autonomic nervous system allows for _ control

a)

Involuntary

b)

Voluntary

85.

Which of the following is NOT controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

a)

Skeletal muscle

b)

Smooth muscle

c)

Cardiac muscle

d)

Exocrine glands

e)

Endocrine glands

86.

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, exocrine glands, and endocrine glands are _ by the autonomic nervous system

a)

Stimulated

b)

Inhibited

c)

Both answers are correct

87.

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

a)

Controlling “fight or flight” responses that restore homeostasis in response to stress

b)

Returning the body to resting state after stress

c)

Maintaining normal functioning of the body

d)

Stimulating skeletal muscle tissue (voluntary control)

e)

Allowing for sensory input and integration

88.

The sympathetic nervous system allows for the secretion of _ (end result)

a)

Epinephrine/adrenaline

b)

Norepinephrine/noradrenaline

c)

Acetylcholine

d)

Insulin

e)

GABA

89.

EPI and NE cause a(n) _ in heart rate

a)

Increase

b)

Decrease

90.

An increase in heart rate allows more _ to be delivered to essential tissues (ex. skeletal muscle)

a)

Blood

b)

Lymph

c)

Extracellular fluid

d)

Idk isn't the answer obvious???

91.

EPI and NE cause the bronchioles to _

a)

Dilate

b)

Constrict

92.

The dilation of the bronchioles allows more _ to be delivered to the bloodstream

a)

O2

b)

CO2

c)

ACh

d)

ATP

e)

Glucose

93.

EPI and NE cause the liver to _

a)

Release glucose to the bloodstream

b)

Remove glucose from the bloodstream

c)

Release ATP to the bloodstream

d)

Remove ATP from the bloodstream

94.

Glucose allows cells of essential tissues to synthesize more _

a)

ATP

b)

DNA

c)

RNA

d)

O2

e)

ACh

95.

EPI and NE causes decreased activity in the _ system

a)

Digestive

b)

Reproductive

c)

Immune

d)

Cardiovascular

e)

Endocrine

96.

Why are the digestive, reproductive, and immune systems inhibited by EPI and NE?

a)

They prevent fight or flight responses

b)

This allows for a conservation of metabolic energy

c)

They allow for parasympathetic responses

d)

They do not assist in maintaining homeostasis

97.

Spinal nerves that allow for sympathetic responses are found in the _ region

a)

Cervical

b)

Thoracic

c)

Lumbar

d)

Sacral

98.

Action potentials generated by the brain travel down the spinal cord and continue in _ (sympathetic nervous system)

a)

Preganglionic nerves

b)

Postganglionic nerves

c)

Ganglia

d)

The vagus nerve

99.

Action potentials in preganglionic nerves cause the secretion of _ (sympathetic nervous system)

a)

ACh

b)

NE

c)

EPI and NE

d)

EPI

e)

EPI, NE, and ACh

100.

ACh secreted from preganglionic nerves bind to receptors located on _ (sympathetic nervous system)

a)

Ganglia

b)

Postganglionic nerves

c)

The vagus nerve

d)

The spinal cord

101.

The binding of ACh to receptors located on ganglia allow for the generation and transmission of action potentials in _ (sympathetic nervous system)

a)

Preganglionic nerves

b)

Postganglionic nerves

c)

The spinal cord

d)

The vagus nerve

102.

Action potentials in postganglionic nerves allow for the secretion of _ (sympathetic nervous system)

a)

EPI

b)

NE

c)

EPI and NE

d)

ACh

e)

EPI, NE, and ACh

103.

NE secreted from postganglionic nerves allows for the stimulation of _ (sympathetic nervous system)

a)

Cardiac muscle

b)

Smooth muscle

c)

Skeletal muscle

d)

Exocrine glands

e)

Endocrine glands

104.

NE secreted from postganglionic nerves allows for the inhibition of _ (sympathetic nervous system)

a)

Cardiac muscle

b)

Smooth muscle

c)

Skeletal muscle

d)

Exocrine glands

e)

Endocrine glands

105.

In addition to stimulating the formation of action potentials in postganglionic nerves, ACh secreted by sympathetic nerves also _ (sympathetic nervous system)

a)

Stimulates the activity of the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands

b)

Inhibits the activity of the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands

c)

Stimulates the activity of the adrenal cortices of the adrenal glands

d)

Inhibits the activity of the adrenal cortices of the adrenal glands

106.

An action potential in a sympathetic nerve causes the secrete of ACh, which in turn stimulates the activity of the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands. This causes the secretion of _ (sympathetic nervous system)

a)

EPI

b)

NE

c)

EPI and NE

d)

ACh

e)

EPI, NE, and ACh

107.

The adrenal medulla secretes EPI and NE to the _

a)

Bloodstream

b)

Postganglionic nerve

c)

Spinal cord

d)

Preganglionic nerve

e)

Vagus nerve

108.

EPI and NE secreted from the adrenal medulla to the bloodstream allows for the stimulation of _ (sympathetic nervous system)

a)

Cardiac muscle

b)

Smooth muscle

c)

Skeletal muscle

d)

Exocrine glands

e)

Endocrine glands

109.

EPI and NE secreted from the adrenal medulla to the bloodstream allows for the inhibition of _ (sympathetic nervous system)

a)

Cardiac muscle

b)

Smooth muscle

c)

Skeletal muscle

d)

Exocrine glands

e)

Endocrine glands

110.

What are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?

a)

Controlling “fight or flight” responses that restore homeostasis in response to stress

b)

Returning the body to resting state after stress

c)

Maintaining normal functioning of the body

d)

Stimulating skeletal muscle tissue (voluntary control)

e)

Allowing for sensory input and integration

111.

The parasympathetic nervous system allows for the secretion of _ (end result)

a)

Epinephrine/adrenaline

b)

Norepinephrine/noradrenaline

c)

Acetylcholine

d)

Insulin

e)

GABA

112.

ACh causes a(n) _ in heart rate

a)

Increase

b)

Decrease

113.

ACh causes the bronchioles to _

a)

Dilate

b)

Constrict

114.

ACh causes the liver to _

a)

Release glucose to the bloodstream

b)

Remove glucose from the bloodstream

c)

Release ATP to the bloodstream

d)

Remove ATP from the bloodstream

115.

ACh causes the activity of the _ system to return to normal levels

a)

Digestive

b)

Reproductive

c)

Immune

d)

Cardiovascular

e)

Endocrine

116.

Action potentials generated in the brain are transmitted in the _ (cranial nerve) (parasympathetic nervous system)

a)

Vagus nerve

b)

Vestibulocochlear nerve

c)

Glossopharyngeal nerve

d)

Abducens nerve

e)

Trigeminal

117.

Action potentials in the vagus nerve allow for the secretion of _ (parasympathetic nervous system)

a)

EPI

b)

NE

c)

EPI and NE

d)

ACh

e)

EPI, NE, and ACh

118.

ACh secreted by the vagus nerve bind to receptors located on _ (parasympathetic nervous system)

a)

Ganglia

b)

Postganglionic nerves

c)

Preganglionic nerves

d)

The spinal cord

e)

Sympathetic nerves

119.

The binding of ACh to ganglia stimulates the generation and transmission of action potentials in _ (parasympathetic nervous system)

a)

Preganglionic nerves

b)

Postganglionic nerves

c)

The spinal cord

d)

The vagus nerve

120.

Action potentials in postganglionic nerves allow for the secretion of _ (parasympathetic nervous system)

a)

ACh

b)

NE

c)

EPI

d)

EPI and NE

e)

EPI, NE, and ACh

121.

ACh secreted from postganglionic nerves allows for the stimulation of _ (parasympathetic nervous system)

a)

Cardiac muscle

b)

Smooth muscle

c)

Skeletal muscle

d)

Exocrine glands

e)

Endocrine glands

122.

ACh secreted from postganglionic nerves allows for the inhibition of _ (parasympathetic nervous system)

a)

Cardiac muscle

b)

Smooth muscle

c)

Skeletal muscle

d)

Exocrine glands

e)

Endocrine glands

123.

I messed up teaching this so it won't be on the test:


The pelvic splanchnic nerves are parasympathetic nerve fibers that secrete ACh towards smooth muscle, exocrine glands, or endocrine glands found in various organs of the reproductive, excretory, and digestive systems, stimulating or inhibiting their activity.

a)

Cool

b)

Great

c)

Wow

d)

Amazing

e)

All answers are correct