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WorksheetsNervous System Part III
Total questions: 123
Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins
The focus of nervous system part III is the _
Central nervous system (CNS) and its divisions
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) and its divisions
Which of the following are organs of the PNS?
Spinal nerves
Cranial nerves
Ganglia
Brain
Spinal cord
Spinal nerves contain _
One neuron
Many neurons
Spinal nerves are bundles of neuronal _
Axons
Dendrites
Somata
Terminals
Spinal nerves contain _
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons
Glial cells
Spinal nerves connect to the _
Spinal cord
Brain
Sensory organs
Sensory neurons in spinal nerves transmit electrochemical signals towards _
The spinal cord from sensory receptor cells
Sensory receptor cells from the spinal cord
The spinal cord from muscles and glands
Muscles and glands from the spinal cod
Motor neurons in spinal nerves transmit electrochemical signals towards _
The spinal cord from sensory receptor cells
Sensory receptor cells from the spinal cord
The spinal cord from muscles and glands
Muscles and glands from the spinal cod
Cranial nerves contain _
One neuron
Many neurons
Cranial nerves are bundles of neuronal _
Axons
Dendrites
Somata
Terminals
Cranial nerves contain _
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons
Glial cells
Cranial nerves connect to the _
Spinal cord
Brain
Sensory organs
Skull
Sensory neurons in cranial nerves transmit electrochemical signals towards _
The brain from sensory receptor cells
Sensory receptor cells from the brain
Muscles and glands from sensory receptor cells
Muscles and glands from the brain
Motor neurons in cranial nerves transmit electrochemical signals towards _
The brain from sensory receptor cells
Sensory receptor cells from the brain
Muscles and glands from sensory receptor cells
Muscles and glands from the brain
Ganglia contain _
Many neuronal cell bodies (somata)
One neuronal cell body (soma)
Many neuronal axons
One neuronal axon
Ganglia primarily function in _ electrochemical signals in the PNS
Relaying
Generating
Terminating
What are the major divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Sensory system
Motor system
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
What are the subdivisions of the motor system?
Sensory system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
What are the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sensory system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Motor system
Sympathetic nervous system
Sensory receptors allow for the transmission of action potentials towards the _
CNS
PNS
Sensory receptors inform the CNS of
Internal conditions
External conditions
Both answers are correct
_ are a type of sensory receptor
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons
Glial cells
Sensory neurons that act as sensory receptors utilize free _ to receive stimuli
Dendrites
Axons
Terminals
Somata
Sensory receptors are ALWAYS sensory neurons
True
False
How do specialized sensory receptors cells initiate action potentials (in response to a stimulus)?
By generating them on their own
By secreting neurotransmitters to an adjacent sensory neuron
By secreting neurotransmitters to an adjacent motor neuron
By secreting hormones to a nearby blood vessel
Sensory receptors communicate the intensity of a stimulus by increasing the _ of action potentials transmitted towards the brain
Amount
Frequency
Intensity
Consistency
Sensory receptors allow for _
The 5 senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch)
Many different senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch, balance/coordination, pain, temperature, humidity, IV radiation, UV radiation, pressure in blood vessels, etc.)
The stimuli of chemoreceptors are _
Molecules
Ions
Light
Pressure
The stimulus of thermoreceptors is _
Thermal energy
Heat
Temperature
Hot/cold
All answers are acceptable, but thermal energy is the best answer
The stimulus of mechanoreceptors is _
Molecules
Ions
Light
Pressure
Force/area
The stimulus of nociceptors is _
Tissue damage (pain)
Positioning in 3D space (balance/coordination)
Pressure (force/area)
Electromagnetic radiation
Osmolarity of fluids
The stimulus of proprioceptors is _
Tissue damage (pain)
Positioning in 3D space (balance/coordination)
Pressure (force/area)
Electromagnetic radiation
Osmolarity of fluids
The stimulus of photoreceptors is _
Light
Pressure
Molecules
Pain
3D positioning
Photoreceptors detect _
Visible light waves (ROYGBIV)
Gamma waves
Radio waves
IV radiation
UV radiation
What allows sensory receptors to generate action potentials after stimulus reception (in certain cases)?
Signal transduction pathways
Membrane hyperpolarization
Regulation of gene expression
Increased rate of mitosis and meiosis
Membrane repolarization
What are signal transduction pathways?
Cascades of neurotransmitter secretion
Series of enzyme controlled biochemical reactions
Mechanisms that hyperpolarize membranes
Processes that initiate the binding of ligands to their appropriate receptors
Events that prevent sensory receptors from generating action potentials
_ is the stimulus received in vision
Light
Sound
Molecules/ions
Head/body movement
In vision, light passes through the _ of the eye
Cornea, pupil, and then lens
Pupil, cornea, and then lens
Lens, pupil, and then cornea
Cornea, lens, and then pupil
Lens, cornea, and then pupil
Which of the following describes the function of the iris in vision?
Controlling the amount of light that enters the eye
Protecting the eye from mechanical and chemical damage
Bending light and focusing it on the back on the eye
Allowing light to enter the eye into the vitreous humor
Constricting and dilating the optic nerve
In vision, _ receive the stimulus of light
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Proprioceptors
The photoreceptors responsible for vision are located on the _
Retina
Pupil
Cornea
Iris
Lens
_ are photoreceptors that allow for black & white vision
Rods
Cones
_ are photoreceptors that allow for color vision
Rods
Cones
_ are photoreceptors that allow for sharpness of vision
Rods
Cones
What initiates the formation of an action potential in vision?
A conformational change in rhodopsin
The activation of tranducin
The activation of phosphodiesterase
The closing of cation channels
The secretion of stimulatory neurotransmitters
The _ nerves allow for vision
Optic
Vestibulocochlear
Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus
Olfactory
The visual cortex is located in the _ lobe of the cerebrum
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
_ is the stimulus received in audition
Light
Sound
Molecules/ions
Head/body movement
In audition, sound waves initially travel through the _ (external ear)
Pinna
Tympanic membrane
Ossicles
Cochlea
Oval window
In audition, sound waves initially travel through the pinna until they reach the _
Pinna
Tympanic membrane
Ossicles
Cochlea
Oval window
What does the tympanic membrane (eardrum) do in response to sound waves?
It vibrates
It amplifies the sound
It secretes stimulatory neurotransmitters
It initiates a signal transduction pathway
It migrates to the cochlea
What is the relationship between the tympanic membrane and the ossicles (small bones)?
The ossicles amplify the vibrations produced by the tympanic membrane
The ossicles increase the frequency of vibrations produced by the tympanic membrane
The ossicles convert the vibrations produced by the tympanic membrane into an action potential
The ossicles protect the tympanic membrane from rupturing due to vibrations
The tympanic membrane amplifies the vibrations produced by the ossicles
In audition, _ receive the stimulus of sound waves (via vibrations)
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Proprioceptors
_ are the specific type of mechanoreceptors that respond to vibrations in audition
Rods and cones
Hair cells
Gustatory cells
Olfactory sensory neurons
Proprioceptors
Hair cells responsible for audition are located in the _ of the inner ear
Cochlea
Oval window
Pinna
Tympanic membrane
Ossicles
In response to vibrations produced by sound waves (generated by the tympanic membrane and amplified by the ossicles), hair cells (mechanoreceptors) in the cochlea of the inner ear _
Bend
Secrete stimulatory neurotransmitters
Undergo a conformational change
Initiate a signal transduction pathway
In response to vibrations produced by sound waves (generated by the tympanic membrane and amplified by the ossicles), hair cells (mechanoreceptors) in the cochlea of the inner ear bend. This causes the _
Secretion of inhibitory neurotransmitters
Secretion of stimulatory neurotransmitters
Initiation of a signal transduction pathway
Termination of a signal transduction pathway
The _ nerves allow for audition
Optic
Vestibulocochlear
Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus
Olfactory
The auditory cortex is located in the _ lobe of the cerebrum
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
_ is the stimulus received in gustation
Light
Sound
Molecules/ions
Head/body movement
In gustation, _ receive the stimulus of tastants (molecules/ions)
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Proprioceptors
_ are the chemoreceptors that allow tastants (molecules/ions) to bind in gustation
Gustatory cells
Taste buds
Papillae (folds of the tongue)
Olfactory sensory neurons
Hair cells
Gustatory cells _ in response to specific tastant (molecule/ion) binding/reception
Secrete inhibitory neurotransmitters
Secrete stimulatory neurotransmitters
Initiate a signal transduction pathway
Terminate a signal transduction pathway
The _ nerves allow for gustation
Optic
Vestibulocochlear
Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus
Olfactory
The gustatory cortex is located in the _ lobe of the cerebrum
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
_ is the stimulus received in olfaction
Light
Sound
Molecules/ions
Head/body movement
Nasal hair and mucus _ inhaled air in olfaction
Filter
Amplify
Bend
Taste?
Smell?
In olfaction, _ receive the stimulus of odorants (molecules/ions)
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Proprioceptors
_ are the chemoreceptors that allow odorants (molecules/ions) to bind in olfaction
Gustatory cells
Taste buds
Papillae (folds of the tongue)
Olfactory sensory neurons
Hair cells
Where are olfactory sensory neurons located?
On the olfactory epithelium of the nostrils
In the taste buds of the papillae
In the cochlea of the inner ear
On the retina of the back of the eye
In the semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus
Olfactory sensory neurons _ in response to specific odorant (molecule/ion) binding/reception
Secrete inhibitory neurotransmitters
Secrete stimulatory neurotransmitters
Initiate a signal transduction pathway
Terminate a signal transduction pathway
The _ nerves allow for olfaction
Optic
Vestibulocochlear
Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus
Olfactory
The olfactory cortex is located in the _ lobe of the cerebrum
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
Besides the olfactory cortex, which other brain region is responsible for integrating olfaction?
The limbic system
The cerebellum
The brainstem
The basal ganglia
The thalamus and hypothalamus
_ is the stimulus received in proprioception
Light
Sound
Molecules/ions
Head/body movement
In proprioception, head/body movement causes _
Fluid in the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear to move
Hair cells in the cochlea of the inner ear to bend
In proprioception, _ receive the stimulus of head/body movement
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
_ are the mechanoreceptors that detect head/body movement in proprioception
Gustatory cells
Taste buds
Papillae (folds of the tongue)
Olfactory sensory neurons
Hair cells
Hair cells that detect fluid movement caused by head/body movement (proprioception) are located in _
Semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus
Semicircular canals of the cochlea
Organ of Corti of the vestibular apparatus
Organ of Corti of the cochlea
In response to head/body movement, which causes fluid in the semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus to move, hair cells _
Depolarize
Repolarize
Hyperpolarize
Polarize
Secrete stimulatory neurotransmitters
The _ nerves allow for proprioception
Optic
Vestibulocochlear
Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus
Olfactory
The vestibular cortex (allows for proprioception) is located in the _ lobe of the cerebrum
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
Besides the vestibular cortex, which other brain region is responsible for integrating balance/coordination (proprioception)?
The limbic system
The cerebellum
The brainstem
The basal ganglia
The thalamus and hypothalamus
The autonomic nervous system allows for _ control
Involuntary
Voluntary
Which of the following is NOT controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, exocrine glands, and endocrine glands are _ by the autonomic nervous system
Stimulated
Inhibited
Both answers are correct
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
Controlling “fight or flight” responses that restore homeostasis in response to stress
Returning the body to resting state after stress
Maintaining normal functioning of the body
Stimulating skeletal muscle tissue (voluntary control)
Allowing for sensory input and integration
The sympathetic nervous system allows for the secretion of _ (end result)
Epinephrine/adrenaline
Norepinephrine/noradrenaline
Acetylcholine
Insulin
GABA
EPI and NE cause a(n) _ in heart rate
Increase
Decrease
An increase in heart rate allows more _ to be delivered to essential tissues (ex. skeletal muscle)
Blood
Lymph
Extracellular fluid
Idk isn't the answer obvious???
EPI and NE cause the bronchioles to _
Dilate
Constrict
The dilation of the bronchioles allows more _ to be delivered to the bloodstream
O2
CO2
ACh
ATP
Glucose
EPI and NE cause the liver to _
Release glucose to the bloodstream
Remove glucose from the bloodstream
Release ATP to the bloodstream
Remove ATP from the bloodstream
Glucose allows cells of essential tissues to synthesize more _
ATP
DNA
RNA
O2
ACh
EPI and NE causes decreased activity in the _ system
Digestive
Reproductive
Immune
Cardiovascular
Endocrine
Why are the digestive, reproductive, and immune systems inhibited by EPI and NE?
They prevent fight or flight responses
This allows for a conservation of metabolic energy
They allow for parasympathetic responses
They do not assist in maintaining homeostasis
Spinal nerves that allow for sympathetic responses are found in the _ region
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Action potentials generated by the brain travel down the spinal cord and continue in _ (sympathetic nervous system)
Preganglionic nerves
Postganglionic nerves
Ganglia
The vagus nerve
Action potentials in preganglionic nerves cause the secretion of _ (sympathetic nervous system)
ACh
NE
EPI and NE
EPI
EPI, NE, and ACh
ACh secreted from preganglionic nerves bind to receptors located on _ (sympathetic nervous system)
Ganglia
Postganglionic nerves
The vagus nerve
The spinal cord
The binding of ACh to receptors located on ganglia allow for the generation and transmission of action potentials in _ (sympathetic nervous system)
Preganglionic nerves
Postganglionic nerves
The spinal cord
The vagus nerve
Action potentials in postganglionic nerves allow for the secretion of _ (sympathetic nervous system)
EPI
NE
EPI and NE
ACh
EPI, NE, and ACh
NE secreted from postganglionic nerves allows for the stimulation of _ (sympathetic nervous system)
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
NE secreted from postganglionic nerves allows for the inhibition of _ (sympathetic nervous system)
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
In addition to stimulating the formation of action potentials in postganglionic nerves, ACh secreted by sympathetic nerves also _ (sympathetic nervous system)
Stimulates the activity of the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands
Inhibits the activity of the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands
Stimulates the activity of the adrenal cortices of the adrenal glands
Inhibits the activity of the adrenal cortices of the adrenal glands
An action potential in a sympathetic nerve causes the secrete of ACh, which in turn stimulates the activity of the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands. This causes the secretion of _ (sympathetic nervous system)
EPI
NE
EPI and NE
ACh
EPI, NE, and ACh
The adrenal medulla secretes EPI and NE to the _
Bloodstream
Postganglionic nerve
Spinal cord
Preganglionic nerve
Vagus nerve
EPI and NE secreted from the adrenal medulla to the bloodstream allows for the stimulation of _ (sympathetic nervous system)
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
EPI and NE secreted from the adrenal medulla to the bloodstream allows for the inhibition of _ (sympathetic nervous system)
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
What are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Controlling “fight or flight” responses that restore homeostasis in response to stress
Returning the body to resting state after stress
Maintaining normal functioning of the body
Stimulating skeletal muscle tissue (voluntary control)
Allowing for sensory input and integration
The parasympathetic nervous system allows for the secretion of _ (end result)
Epinephrine/adrenaline
Norepinephrine/noradrenaline
Acetylcholine
Insulin
GABA
ACh causes a(n) _ in heart rate
Increase
Decrease
ACh causes the bronchioles to _
Dilate
Constrict
ACh causes the liver to _
Release glucose to the bloodstream
Remove glucose from the bloodstream
Release ATP to the bloodstream
Remove ATP from the bloodstream
ACh causes the activity of the _ system to return to normal levels
Digestive
Reproductive
Immune
Cardiovascular
Endocrine
Action potentials generated in the brain are transmitted in the _ (cranial nerve) (parasympathetic nervous system)
Vagus nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Abducens nerve
Trigeminal
Action potentials in the vagus nerve allow for the secretion of _ (parasympathetic nervous system)
EPI
NE
EPI and NE
ACh
EPI, NE, and ACh
ACh secreted by the vagus nerve bind to receptors located on _ (parasympathetic nervous system)
Ganglia
Postganglionic nerves
Preganglionic nerves
The spinal cord
Sympathetic nerves
The binding of ACh to ganglia stimulates the generation and transmission of action potentials in _ (parasympathetic nervous system)
Preganglionic nerves
Postganglionic nerves
The spinal cord
The vagus nerve
Action potentials in postganglionic nerves allow for the secretion of _ (parasympathetic nervous system)
ACh
NE
EPI
EPI and NE
EPI, NE, and ACh
ACh secreted from postganglionic nerves allows for the stimulation of _ (parasympathetic nervous system)
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
ACh secreted from postganglionic nerves allows for the inhibition of _ (parasympathetic nervous system)
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
I messed up teaching this so it won't be on the test:
The pelvic splanchnic nerves are parasympathetic nerve fibers that secrete ACh towards smooth muscle, exocrine glands, or endocrine glands found in various organs of the reproductive, excretory, and digestive systems, stimulating or inhibiting their activity.
Cool
Great
Wow
Amazing
All answers are correct
