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IB Topic 6 (4-6)

Total questions: 86

Worksheet time: 3hrs 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which term describes the physical movements in the thorax which bring fresh air to the alveoli and remove stale air?

a)

gas exchange

b)

respiration

c)

ventilation

d)

circulation

2.

Which of the following is/are processes of all living organisms?

a)

ventilation

b)

homeostasis

c)

metabolism

d)

respiration

3.

Which of the following is/are true for inhalation?

a)

internal intercostal muscles contract

b)

ribcage moves up and out

c)

volume in the thorax decreases

d)

air enters when pressure in the thorax is below atmospheric pressure

4.

Which of the following is/are true for exhalation?

a)

internal intercostal muscles contract

b)

abdominal muscles relax

c)

diaphragm muscle relaxes and is dome-shaped

d)

the pressure in the thorax increases above atmospheric pressure

5.

Which of the following is/are correct adaptations of alveoli for fast gas exchange?

a)

thin cell wall gives a short diffusion distance

b)

moist inner surface to dissolve O2 and CO2

c)

gas exchange maintains concentration gradients between alveoli and blood

d)

close to blood capillaries gives a short diffusion distance

6.

Ventilation maintains a high concentration of oxygen in the alveoli.


Which one of the following maintains a low concentration of oxygen in blood capillaries that are close by?

a)

respiration

b)

perspiration

c)

circulation

d)

evaporation

7.

Which of the following is/are true of Type 1 pneumocytes?

a)

They are thin and permeable cells

b)

They secrete a chemical called surfactant

c)

There is a single layer of these cells in alveoli walls

d)

They help to dissolve gases

8.

Which of the following is/are true of Type 2 pneumocytes?

a)

The surfactant that they secrete increases surface tension

b)

They prevent the sides of alveoli from sticking together

c)

They help gases to dissolve

d)

They are found on the inner surface of alveoli

9.

Which of the following is/are true of the lung disease emphysema?

a)

It is caused by bacteria

b)

Damaged cells release trypsin enzyme

c)

Elastic fibres in alveoli membranes are digested

d)

Alveoli walls break down

10.

Which of the following is/are true of the lung disease emphysema?

a)

The diffusion distance between alveoli and blood increases

b)

Alveoli become larger

c)

Cilia are damaged so less bacteria can enter the lungs

d)

Alveoli cannot recoil as easily so it is more difficult to exhale

11.

What is the main reason for placing an oxygen mask on a patient, who has a severe lung disease?

a)

It makes them feel less tired

b)

It increases the concentration gradient for oxygen between the alveoli and blood capillaries

c)

It allows aerobic respiration to occur

d)

It allows oxygen to diffuse faster into the alveoli from blood capillaries

12.

Which of the following muscles relax during inhaling?

a)

A only

b)

B only

c)

A and C

d)

B and C|

13.

Which of the following muscles relax during exhaling?

a)

A only

b)

B only

c)

A and C

d)

B and C

14.

Which of the following is/are reason(s) that alveoli are adapted for fast gas exchange?

a)

thin cell membrane

b)

many large sacs create a large surface area

c)

impermeable walls

d)

close to blood capillaries

15.
Within the lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between the ___ and the capillaries. 
a)
trachea 
b)
bronchi 
c)
alveoli
d)
diaphragm
16.

The fatty substance that lines the inner surface of the alveoli and prevents alveoli from collapsing.

a)

pleural fluid

b)

ciliated mucus

c)

surfactant

d)

mucus

17.

Who is more likely to develop COPD?

a)

Aunt Jane who works at a day care

b)

Cousin Jessica who is being treated for sinusitis

c)

Grandma who had influeza last year

d)

Uncle John who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day

18.

Given the following structures:


1. larynx

2. nasal cavity

3. pharynx

4. trachea


Which of the following is the correct order that air would flow during inhalation.

a)

1,2,3,4

b)

2,3,1,4

c)

2,1,3,4

d)

4,2,3,1

19.

Which of the following is/are true of the lung disease emphysema?

a)

It is caused by bacteria

b)

It is non-life threatening

c)

Elastic fibres in alveoli membranes are digested

d)

It is when the alveoli walls break down

20.

What part of the neuron receives incoming messages from other cells?

a)

nucleus

b)

cell body

c)

dendrites

d)

synaptic terminals

21.

What structure(s) aid in speeding up synaptic transmission across the axon?

a)

Nodes of Ranvier

b)

dendrites

c)

myelin sheath

d)

both Nodes of Ranvier and the myelin sheath

22.

The central nervous system

a)

consists of the brain and spinal cord

b)

consists of the nerves that communicate motor and sensory signals throughout the rest of the body

23.

Structure B represents

a)

a sensory receptor

b)

an interneuron

c)

a motor neuron

d)

a sensory neuron

24.

During which stage of this action potential do sodium ions (Na+) flow through the sodium channels from the outside of the membrane to the inside of the membrane?

a)

threshold

b)

depolarization

c)

repolarization

d)

refractory period

25.

During which stage of the action potential does the membrane return to its resting state?

a)

undershoot to threshold

b)

depolarization

c)

rising phase of the action potential

d)

falling phase of the action potential

26.

An action potential

a)

is another name for a nerve impulse

b)

is an all or none response to the depolarization of the membrane of the nerve cell

c)

cannot occur unless the nerve cell is at its resting potential

d)

all of these answers are correct

27.

What is released by the presynaptic membrane into the synaptic cleft?

a)

neurotransmitters

b)

excitatory neurotransmitters

c)

inhibitory neurotransmitters

d)

all of these are released by the presynaptic membrane

28.

The sodium-potassium pump

a)

uses diffusion to attain -70mV

b)

uses ATP to create a membrane differential along the axon

c)

is stimulated by neurotransmitters

d)

is an example of passive transport across a membrane

29.

The operation of the sodium-potassium "pump" moves:

a)

sodium & potassium ions into the cell

b)

sodium & potassium ions out of the cell

c)

sodium ions out of the cell & potassium ions into the cell

d)

sodium ions into the cell & potassium ions out of the cell

30.

After depolarization what happens to restore resting potential?

a)

Sodium channels open & sodium ions diffuse out of the neuron.

b)

Potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse into the neuron.

c)

Potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron.

d)

Sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse into the neuron.

31.
What describes the phase of quick entry of sodium ions into an axon during an action potential? 
a)
passive transport
b)
depolarization
c)
ion transport
d)
repolarization 
32.
What generates a nerve impulse on the post-synaptic membrane? 
a)
Calcium binding with a receptor site
b)
Potassium leaking into the post-synaptic membrane 
c)
Neurotransmitter binding with receptor sites
d)
Neurotransmitter being removed from the synapse
33.
Label the Neuron-What does the letter "D" represent?
a)
Dendrite
b)
Axon
c)
Myelin Sheath
d)
Node of Ranvier
34.
What number(s) on the graph represents the Resting Potential?
a)
1 and 2
b)
1 and 5
c)
2 and 3
d)
3 and 4
35.
What number on the graph represents the Repolarization phase?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
36.
Name the ion that is pumped into the axon to maintain resting potential. 
a)
Calcium
b)
Hydrogen
c)
Potassium 
d)
Sodium 
37.
W
a)
Axon Terminal Button
b)
Neurotransmitters
c)
Dendrite
d)
Synapse
38.
Y
a)
Axon Terminal Button
b)
Neurotransmitters
c)
Dendrite
d)
Synapse
39.

The location of neurotransmitters

a)

axon terminals

b)

dendrites

c)

Schwann cells

d)

cell body

40.

Z

a)

Axon Terminal Button

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

Dendrite

d)

Synapse

41.

X

a)

Axon Terminal Button

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

Dendrite

d)

Synapse

42.

What chemical is activated by the action potential in the presynaptic neuron that causes the vesicles containing neurotranmitters to move toward the synaptic cleft?

a)

calcium

b)

potassium

c)

sodium

d)

phosphorus

43.

Which of the following restores the resting membrane potential in a neurone?


I. Na+ channels opening

II. K+ channels closing

III. The Na+/K+ ATP pump

a)

I and II only

b)

II and III only

c)

I and III only

d)

III only

44.

Which one of the following is involved in maintaining a resting membrane potential?

a)

Na+ channels open and Na+ diffuses into the neuron

b)

Na+ channels close and Na+ cannot diffuse out of the neuron

c)

Na+ channels open and Na+ diffuses out of the neuron

d)

Na+ channels close and Na+ cannot diffuse into the neuron

45.

Which one of the following is involved in maintaining a resting membrane potential?

a)

K+ channels open and K+ diffuses into the neuron

b)

K+ channels close and K+ cannot diffuse out of the neuron

c)

K+ channels open and K+ diffuses out of the neuron

d)

K+ channels close and K+ cannot diffuse into the neuron

46.

What is essential for conduction of nerve impulses to be saltatory?

a)

Reaching the threshold potential in dendrites

b)

Pumping potassium ions into the neuron

c)

Pumping sodium ions into the neuron

d)

Wrapping of myelin around the axon

47.

Why is the speed of an impulse increased if a neurone is wrapped in myelin?

a)

potassium ions flow out of the neurone faster

b)

myelin insulates the neurone so the temperature increases

c)

the impulse can jump from node to node

d)

it allows neurones to touch each other

48.
When glucose levels in the blood rise, your brain sends a signal to your pancreas. The pancreas releases insulin, which opens channels in cell membranes to allow glucose to enter the cell, lowering blood sugar levels. 
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
49.

The pancreas produces _____ when your blood sugar level is high.

a)

Thyroxin

b)

Melatonin

c)

Glucagon

d)

Insulin

50.
Thyroxine regulates _______. 
a)
sleep patterns
b)
metabolism
c)
blood sugars
d)
sperm production
51.

Which hormones are secreted from the pancreas?

a)

glucagon & leptin

b)

glucagon & melatonin

c)

thyroxin & insulin

d)

insulin & glucagon

52.

Which hormone is involved in biological clock and seasonal activities?

a)

insulin

b)

melatonin

c)

leptin

d)

thyroxin

53.

Where does thyroxine come from?

a)

Thyroid gland

b)

Ovary

c)

Brain

d)

Adrenal gland

54.

What does insulin affect?

a)

Stomach and intestines

b)

Blood and heart

c)

Liver, muscle and fat tissue

d)

Lungs

55.

Leptin is secreted by......

a)

cells in the adipose tissue

b)

cells in the hypothalamus

c)

cells in the pancreas

d)

cells in the thyroid

56.

Which hormone is associated with jet lag?

a)

insulin

b)

thyroxin

c)

melatonin

d)

leptin

57.

Which are TRUE about insulin? (2)

a)

it is secreted by alpha (α) cells in the pancreas

b)

it is secreted by beta (β) cells in the pancreas

c)

it causes an uptake of glucose into cells all over the body

d)

it causes enzymes to convert glycogen and amino acids into glucose

58.

What are 3 effects of insulin?

a)

An increase in the rate at which glucose is used in respiration

b)

To trigger conversion of glucose to glycogen

c)

To trigger glucose to fatty acids and fats

d)

To reduce the rate of respiration

59.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the regulation of blood glucose levels?

a)

The hypothalamus monitors blood glucose levels

b)

The beta (β) cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans monitor blood glucose levels

c)

Abnormally high levels or concentrations of blood glucose is called hypoglycemia

d)

Abnormally low levels or concentrations of blood glucose is called hyperglycemia

60.

What do you call the fusion of egg and sperm cell?

a)

menses

b)

homeostasis

c)

fertilization

d)

ovulation

61.

Where does fertilization usually take place?

a)

ovary

b)

oviduct

c)

uterus

d)

vagina

62.

What is the mystery part?

a)

Vagina

b)

Uterus

c)

Cervix

d)

Ovaries

63.
a)

Epididymis

b)

Prostate gland

c)

Bladder

d)

Seminal gland

64.
a)

Ovary

b)

Oviduct

c)

Uterus

d)

Cervix

65.

Which of the following is TRUE about ovulation?

a)

Estrogen levels reach a 'critical' peak, stimulating the secretion of LH

b)

Estrogen levels reach a 'critical' peak, stimulating the secretion of FSH

c)

Progesterone levels reach a 'critical' peak, stimulating the secretion of LH

d)

Progesterone levels reach a 'critical' peak, stimulating the secretion of FSH

66.

The ovarian follicle development is stimulated by......

a)

FSH

b)

LH

c)

Estrogen

d)

Progesterone

67.

Which hormone stimulates the build up of the endometrium?

a)

FSH

b)

LH

c)

Estrogen

d)

Progesterone

68.

Ovulation is trigged by a surge in.....

a)

FSH

b)

LH

c)

Estrogen

d)

Progesterone

69.
a)

cervix

b)

endometrium

c)

ovary

d)

vagina

70.
a)

epididymis

b)

sperm duct

c)

seminal vesicle

d)

urethra

71.

Where is testosterone made?

a)

Prostate gland

b)

Pituitary gland

c)

Testis

d)

Seminal vessicle

72.
a)

A - FSH; B - LH; C - Progesterone; D - Estrogen

b)

A - Estrogen; B - Progesterone; C - LH; D - FSH

c)

A - Progesterone; B - Estrogen; C - FSH; D - LH

d)

A - FSH; B - LH; C - Estrogen; D - Progesterone

73.

The following is true of FSH....

a)

It is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates the development of several immature egg cells in the ovary

b)

It stimulates the build up of the endometrium for possible implantation of an embryo should fertilization occur

c)

It continues the build up of the endometrium, further preparing for the possible implantation of an embryo should fertilization occur

d)

It is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates ovulation, release of the mature egg cell.

74.

The following is a good example of a positive (+ve) feedback system.....

a)

Estrogen leading to an increase in FSH receptors in the follicles, increasing estrogen production further

b)

Progesterone inhibiting further secretion of LH & FSH

c)

Estrogen and progesterone inhibiting FSH secretion

d)

Estrogen levels peaking resulting in LH being secreted

75.

Thyroxin regulates _______.

a)

sleep patterns

b)

metabolism

c)

blood sugars

d)

sperm production

76.
Where is leptin produced in the body?
a)
Adipose (fat storage) cells
b)
Pancreas Cells
c)
Thyroid gland
d)
pineal gland
77.
Which scientist studied sexual reproduction in deer and found that Aristotle's theory of "soil and seed" was incorrect? 
a)
William Harvey
b)
Louis Pasteur
c)
James Watson
d)
Miller and Urey
78.

Which is NOT a response to an abnormally high concentration of blood glucose (hyperglycemia)?

a)

Water is drawn from the cells and tissue fluid by osmosis back into the blood

b)

Blood volume increases, so water is excreted by the kidneys to maintain the correct concentration of blood

c)

The body becomes dehydrated and the circulatory system is deprived of fluid, resulting in blood pressure being unable to be maintained

d)

Convulsions and coma occur

79.

What is the correct order of events in fertilization?

a)

fusion of gametes, acrosome reaction and then cortical reaction

b)

cortical reaction, fusion of gametes and then acrosome reaction

c)

acrosome reaction, fusion of gametes and then cortical reaction

d)

fusion of gametes, cortical reaction and then acrosome reaction

80.

How does the body respond to an increase in body temperature?

I. Vasoconstriction of skin arterioles

II. Shivering

III. Vasodilation of skin arterioles

a)

I only

b)

I and II only

c)

II and III only

d)

III only

81.

Which of the following is/are a role of testosterone in males?

I. Pre-natal development of male genitalia

II. Maintenance of sex drive

III. Increase in mental development

a)

II only

b)

I and II only

c)

II and III only

d)

I, II, and III

82.

The acronym GnRH, FSH and LH stand for:

a)

Gonadotropin-retracting hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone

b)

Gonado- releasing hormone, follicle stimulus hormone, looting hormone

c)

Gonadotropin-reacting hormone, follicle stopping hormone, lutenising hormone

d)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, lutenising hormone

83.

Where are hormones produced (FSH, LH):

a)

The hypothalamus

b)

The anterior pituitary gland

c)

The brain

d)

The reproductive system

84.

Progesterone is released by the female in order to:

a)

Increase ovulation

b)

Promote thick endometrium for implantation

c)

Decrease ovulation

d)

promote loss of endometrial lining

85.

The corpus luteum remains after the ovum has been released. The purpose of this tissue is to:

a)

Produce estrogen

b)

Produce progesterone

c)

Produce LH

d)

Produce FSH

86.

Identify the correct order of events:

a)

Spermatozoa--> mitosis-->spermatogonia--> meiosis I and II

b)

Meiosis I and II--> spermatogonia--> spermatozoa-->mitosis

c)

Mitosis-->spermatoza--> Meiosis I and II--> spermatogonia

d)

Spermatogonia--> mitosis--> meiosis I and II--> spermatozoa

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