Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

1. If E.T. phones home, then blue is Joe's favorite color

2. It is not the case that blue is Joe's favorite color

3. Therefore, it is not the case that E.T phones home

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

1. If Darth Vader is Luke's Dad, then Yoda is green

2.It is not the case that Yoda is green

3. Therefore, it is not the case that Darth Vader is Luke's dad

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

1.If Bush is president, then a Republican is president

2. A Republican is president

3. Therefore, Bush is president

1. We are sometimes mistaken in our perceptual beliefs.

2. If we are sometimes mistaken in our perceptual beliefs, then it is always logically possible that our perceptual beliefs are false.

3. If it is always logically possible that our perceptual beliefs are false, then we never know that any of our perceptual beliefs are true.

Therefore

4. We never know that any of our perceptual beliefs are true.

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

If Bobo is smart, then he can do tricks. However, Bobo is not smart. So he cannot do tricks.

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

If God is always on America’s side, then America wouldn’t have lost any wars. America has lost wars. Therefore, God is not always on America’s side.

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

If your theory is correct, then light passing Jupiter will be bent. Light passing Jupiter is bent. Therefore, your theory is correct.

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

Nguyen eats carrots and broccoli for lunch, and if she does that, she probably is very hungry by dinnertime. Conclusion: Nguyen is very hungry by dinnertime.

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

If you are pregnant, then you are a woman. We can deduce, therefore, that you are pregnant, because you are a woman.

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

If the theory is correct, then we will have observed dilation in the specimen.

Therefore, since we did not observe dilation in the specimen, we know the theory is not correct.

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

If this stuff is on the final exam, I will get an A in the class because I really understand it! Further, the teacher told me that this stuff will be on the final, so I know it will be there. Therefore, I know I will get an A in the class.

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

If Charles had murdered Kardashian, then he would have mud on his shoes. We can deduce, therefore, that he did murder Kardashian, because he has mud on his shoes.

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

If it rained earlier, then the footpaths will still be wet. We can deduce, therefore, that it did rain earlier, because the footpaths are still wet..

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

If A then B

Not A

Therefore, not B

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

If A then B

Not B

Therefore, not A

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

If A then B

A

Therefore, B

Determine whether the argument is valid or invalid.

If A then B

B

Therefore, A