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APES unit 1

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 2hrs 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The environment refers to

a)

all conditions surrounding us on Earth.

b)

species interactions that affect human life.

c)

conditions that cause negative effects on our health.

d)

interactions that harm the atmosphere.

e)

the sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life.

2.

Evidence of biodiversity is seen in

a)

genetic variation among human populations.

b)

number of species in a region.

c)

number of ecosystems and habitats in a region.

d)

genetic variation among plants and animals in a region.

e)

All of these answers are correct.

3.

Which is NOT a non-renewable resources?

a)

aluminum

b)

oil

c)

timber

d)

copper

e)

coal

4.

An ecological footprint considers

a)

per capita resource use of a nation.

b)

how much an individual consumes in terms of land area.

c)

average yearly consumption of resources.

d)

resources that an entire nation consumes in and average year.

e)

the ratio of resources consumed in developed nations to less developed nations.

5.

An experiment is designed to determine if wheat grows better when it is planted alone or with clover. The design calls for 3 pans of each treatment. Pans A, B, and C contain only wheat. Pans D, E, and F contain clover and wheat planted in alternating rows. Each pan contains a total of

100 seeds. All treatments contain the same type of soil, are planted in the same size pan, are exposed to the same amount of sunlight, and are maintained at the same temperature throughout the course of the experiment.


The treatments planted with only wheat are the

a)

sample size.

b)

control.

c)

environmental variable.

d)

null hypothesis.

e)

replication.

6.

The study of environmental science differs from study of other natural sciences because it

a)

doesn’t use experiments.

b)

does not require any mathematical calculations.

c)

also includes politics, law, and economics.

d)

does not require an understanding of biology.

e)

uses the scientific process.

7.

The goal of using resources to meet the needs of both current and future generations is referred

to as

a)

NAFTA.

b)

preservation

c)

remediation

d)

sustainability

e)

environmental science

8.

An experiment is designed to determine if wheat grows better when it is planted alone or with clover. The design calls for 3 pans of each treatment. Pans A, B, and C contain only wheat. Pans D, E, and F contain clover and wheat planted in alternating rows. Each pan contains a total of

100 seeds. All treatments contain the same type of soil, are planted in the same size pan, are exposed to the same amount of sunlight, and are maintained at the same temperature throughout the course of the experiment.


Which statement provides a hypothesis for this experiment?

a)

Wheat grows taller when planted by itself than when it is alternated with clover.

b)

Clover grows better when planted by itself.

c)

Wheat grows better when planted together with clover.

d)

Clover grows better when planted together with wheat.

e)

Both A and C are legitimate hypotheses for this experiment.

9.

Which is NOT considered an example of natural capital?

a)

Copper ore

b)

Potable water

c)

Wind

d)

Plastic bottles

e)

Soil

10.

How do you calculate % Change?

a)

(y2-y1)/y2 * 100%

b)

(y1-y2)/y1 * 100%

c)

(y2-y1)/y1 * 100%

d)

(y1-y2)/y2 * 100%

11.
Which of the following BEST defines Gross domestic product?
a)
the total value of everything produced by all the people and companies in the country
b)
a measure of the total output of a country divided it by the number of people in the country.
c)
an increase in a nation's output
12.
The per capita ecological footprint of U.S. citizen is about ____ times as much as an average citizen of China.
a)
2
b)
4
c)
6
d)
8
13.
The atomic number is the number of
a)
electrons
b)
protons
c)
electrons and protons
d)
nuetrons
14.
An atom or group of atoms with an abnormal number of electrons is called:
a)
an isotope
b)
an ion
c)
a boson
d)
a gluon
15.
An atom or group of atoms with an abnormal number of neutrons is called:
a)
an isotope
b)
an ion
c)
a boson
d)
a gluon
16.
What can be defined as the ability to do work?
a)
photosynthetic
b)
energy
c)
hyperactivity
d)
hypoactivity
17.
Each trophic level receives about ____% of the energy available to the last trophic level.
a)
1
b)
5
c)
10
d)
20
18.

The study of environmental science primarily considers

a)

interactions among human systems and those found in Earth

b)

the effect of human systems

c)

abiotic factors that influence the state of our environment

d)

factors that affect global climate change

19.

An ecosystem is a location on Earth that includes

a)

only biotic components

b)

only abiotic components

c)

interacting biotic and abiotic components

d)

positive and negative feedback loops

20.

Which best describes the difference between an environmentalist and an environmental scientist?

a)

the difference is unimportant because both care about Earth

b)

an environmentalist follows a belief system; an environmental scientist is concerned with the methods of science

c)

an environmentalist studies the humanities; an environmental scientist has a background in biology and chemistry

d)

an environmentalist is concerned with abiotic factors; an environmental scientist studies biotic factors

21.

Living in a sustainable way refers to

a)

recycling all paper, plastic, and metals

b)

using resources in a way that does not deprive future generations

c)

using Earth's resources efficiently

d)

eating locally whenever possible

22.

Which of the following is a qualitative observation?

a)

15 inches

b)

a liquid

c)

a green solution

d)

6 feet 1 inches

23.

Which is NOT a common issue with experimental design?

a)

having only uncontrolled variables

b)

no repeated trials

c)

having control groups

d)

having more than one independent variable

24.

Place the ecology levels of organization in proper order (smallest to largest)

a)

organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere

b)

community > organism > ecosystem > biosphere > population

c)

organism > community > biosphere > population > ecosystem

d)

population > biosphere > ecosystem > community > organism

25.

A tapeworm lives in the small intestines where it feeds and grows, robbing the human of essential nutrients. This is a _____ type of relationship.

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Symbiotic

d)

Mutualism

26.

The cattle egret follows herds of cattle and eat the insects that the cattle stir up as they move through the grassland. The cattle appear to be unaffected by the egrets. This is a _____ type of relationship.

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Symbiotic

d)

Mutualism

27.

A positive feedback loop occurs

a)

when a system responds to a change by returning to its original state

b)

when feedback into a system decreases a rate of response

c)

when a system is in a steady state

d)

when feedback into a system increases a rate of response

28.

Which is a biotic factor?

a)

producers

b)

pH

c)

energy

d)

humidity

29.

What law best relates to energy loss within an ecosystem?

a)

First law of thermodynamics

b)

Second law of thermodynamics

c)

Third law of thermodynamics

d)

Law of conservation of matter

30.

Which best describes the concept of net primary production?

a)

total amount of energy available from the Sun

b)

total amount of cellular respiration conducted within an ecosystem

c)

energy captured minus energy lost

d)

total amount of energy available from the producer

31.

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 10oC and 200 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Temperate seasonal forest

b)

Temperate rainforest

c)

Woodland/shrubland

d)

Tropical seasonal forest

32.

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 4oC and 50 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Tundra

b)

Boreal forest

c)

Temperate grassland/cold desert

d)

Woodland/shrubland

33.

What factors are used to classify a biome?

a)

average temperature

b)

average precipitation

c)

distinctive plants adapted to area

d)

all of these are correct

34.

Terrestrial biomes are defined by ____ and ____ variables.

a)

temperature; precipitation

b)

temperature; animals

c)

precipitation; plants

d)

animals; plants

35.

What is a herbivore?

a)

receives energy from the sun

b)

only eats meat

c)

only eats plants

d)

eats both plants and meat

36.

A keystone species is best defined as

a)

an organism that eats all others

b)

an organism that runs the fastest

c)

an organism that keeps the food web stable

d)

an organism that has the most advantages

37.

Which of the following are examples of wetlands?

a)

swamps

b)

marshes

c)

bogs

d)

all of these are correct

38.

Which biome has warm temperatures, high precipitation, and little seasonal variation due to its location near the equator?

a)

Boreal forest

b)

Tropical rainforest

c)

Woodland/shrubland

d)

Subtropical desert

39.

The direction of an arrow in a food chain represents

a)

the flow of energy from organism B to A

b)

the movement of organisms

c)

the directionality of the sun

d)

the flow of energy from organism A to B

40.

All of the following is true about a niche generalist EXCEPT

a)

thrives in multiple environments

b)

feeds on specific food only

c)

lives in various habitats

d)

feeds on various food

41.

What is an omnivore?

a)

receives energy from the sun

b)

only eats meat

c)

only eats plants

d)

eats both plants and meat

42.

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not have an atmospheric phase?

a)

Hydrolic Cycle

b)

Nitrogen Cycle

c)

Sulfur Cycle

d)

Carbon Cycle

e)

Phosphorous Cycle

43.

Producers rely on _____ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on ____ to release chemical energy.

a)

Cellular Respiration; photosynthesis

b)

Cellular Respiration; cellular respiration

c)

photosynthesis; cellular respiration

d)

photosynthesis; photosynthesis

44.

In the Nitrogen cycle, what is one Natural way that Nitrogen gets into our soil?

a)

Fertilizers

b)

Human Waste through septic tanks

c)

Decomposing animals

d)

Industrial waste

45.

In the _____, there is no wet/dry season. But we do see more lower plants with a thicker epidermis..

a)

Tundra

b)

Boreal

c)

Savanna

d)

Desert

e)

Taiga

46.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a state factor for a biome?

a)

Human Interaction

b)

Forest Fires

c)

Topography

d)

Biomass

47.

Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor?

a)

Temperature

b)

Light

c)

Atmosphere

d)

Population

e)

Water

48.

Intraspecific Competition is between the same species. true or false?

a)

True

b)

False

49.

Diurnal and Nocturnal creatures share their resources through the use of which of the following processes?

a)

Competition

b)

Resource Partitioning

c)

Different trophic levels

d)

Coevolution

50.

Human activities such as the ____ release large amounts of Carbon into our atmosphere.

a)

Burning of fossil fuels

b)

burning of wood

c)

use of synthetic fertilizers

d)

use of detergents

51.

Which of the following absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

a)

Plants

b)

The ocean

c)

Sedimentary rocks

d)

all of these

52.

A _______________ is any process or activity through which an element is released into the atmosphere.

a)

Sink

b)

Source

c)

Bucket

d)

Location

53.

A ____________ is a reservoir that takes up a chemical element and stores it for a long period of time.

a)

Sink

b)

Source

c)

Bucket

d)

Location

54.

What is a greenhouse gas?

a)

A gas that helps plants grow

b)

Any gas in the atmosphere

c)

A gas that absorbs solar radiation allowing the Earth to stay at a livable temperature

d)

A gas that can only be harmful and poisonous

55.

Energy flows through an ecosystem and is transferred as ____________, but chemical elements are ____________.

a)

light, heat

b)

heat, lost

c)

light, gained

d)

heat, recycled

56.

Choose the correct process described: Acid rain dissolves minerals trapped in rocks and washes them to surface waters

a)

Burial and subduction

b)

Weathering and erosion

c)

Diffusion

d)

Respiration

57.

Which gas makes up 78% of our atmosphere?

a)

Oxygen

b)

CO2

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Water vapor

58.

Which nitrogen cycle process breaks down atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and combines it with hydrogen or oxygen using bacteria or lightning strikes

a)

Nitrogen fixation

b)

Ammonification

c)

Nitrification

d)

Dentrification

59.

Nitrogen compounds are converted back into atmospheric N2 by bacteria and burning of fossil fuels through this process

a)

Nitrogen fixation

b)

Ammonification

c)

Nitrification

d)

Dentrification

60.
_____ is the conversion of organic nitrogen into ammonia
a)
Nitrogen Fixation
b)
Ammonification
c)
Denitrification
d)
Assimilation 
61.

Plants and animals cannot use nitrogen directly from the air.

a)

True

b)

False

62.

_____ is the conversion of organic nitrogen into ammonia

a)

Nitrogen Fixation

b)

Ammonification

c)

Denitrification

d)

Assimilation

63.

A correct path that nitrogen could take would be

a)

air -> animals -> plants -> bacteria

b)

animals -> air -> bacteria -> plants

c)

bacteria -> air -> plants -> animals

d)

air -> bacteria -> plants -> animals

64.
The process where excess nutrients enter a body of water causing overgrowth of aquatic plants and algae...
a)
Eutrophication
b)
Acid Precipitation
c)
Nitrogen Fixation
d)
Decomposition
65.

What is denitrification?

a)

Conversation of nitrite back to nitrogen gas

b)

Conversation of ammonia back to nitrogen gas

66.

According to the law of conservation of matter,

I. matter can be created

II. matter can not be destroyed

III. after a chemical reaction, the original atoms remain

a)

I only

b)

II only

c)

I and II

d)

II and III

67.

The difference between potential and kinetic energy is that

a)

kinetic energy can not be captured at a dam

b)

potential energy is measured in watts, whereas kinetic energy is measured in joules

c)

potential energy has not yet been released

d)

potential energy is measured in calories, whereas kinetic energy is measured in joules

e)

kinetic energy has not yet been released

68.

A dishwasher uses 700 watts each time it is run. The cycle takes one hour. It is run 150 times per year. How much energy does it use in one year?

a)

Energy = Power x Time; E = 700W x 150h = 105000 Wh = 105kWh

b)

Energy = Power x Time; E = 700W x 150h = 105000 Wh = 1050 kWh

c)

Energy = Power x Time; E = 700W x 150h = 105000 Wh = 1050 J

69.

A positive feedback loop

a)

is when feedback into a system increases a rate of response

b)

is when feedback into a system decreases a rate of response

c)

may be seen in some examples of population growth

d)

both a and c

70.

Extinctions of species can be the result of

a)

natural systems changing

b)

introduction of invasive species

c)

systems that are not in steady state

d)

human inputs

e)

All of these are correct

71.

One characteristic feature of the tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter, leaving a permanently frozen subsoil. This characteristic is known as

a)

Hoarfrost

b)

Glaciation

c)

Permafrost

d)

Crystallization

72.
The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...
a)
Food and Water
b)
Rain and Sunlight
c)
Temperature and Oxygen
d)
Precipitation and Temperature 
73.
The atmospheric layer that is closest to the Earth is the __________.
a)
troposphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
mesosphere
d)
thermosphere
74.
The ozone layer is located in which atmospheric layer?
a)
stratosphere
b)
thermosphere
c)
troposphere
d)
exosphere
75.
The mountain lion is endangered for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a)
habitat loss
b)
pest control
c)
being an apex predator
d)
invasive species
76.
Our native green anole population is developing bigger toe pads than previous generations.  This is an example of 
a)
directional selection
b)
stabilizing selection
c)
diversifying selection
d)
pointed selection
77.
Which of these was endangered because of biomagnification?
a)
Bald Eagle
b)
Attwater's Prairie Chicken
c)
Panda
d)
Alligators
78.
Which of the following requires a recovery plan for increasing endangered populations?
a)
Endangered Species Act
b)
CITES
c)
Lacey Act
d)
One Act Plays
79.
The three types of biodiversity are
a)
genetic, species and ecosystem
b)
medical, agricultural, ethical
c)
habitat loss, pollution, overharvesting
d)
camera traps, invasive species, cookies
80.
Removal of which of the following will result in the greatest change(s) in an ecosystem?
a)
indicator species
b)
keystone species
c)
foundation species
d)
threatened species
81.
A species of lizard has gone extinct. This could be due to any reason EXCEPT:
a)
increased genetic diveristy within the species
b)
inbreeding
c)
climate change
d)
habitat destruction
82.
Which is NOT a trait of a successful invasive species?
a)
long lived
b)
high dispersal rate
c)
specialists
d)
short generation time
83.
Select the statement that is NOT a reason why protecting marine biodiversity is difficult. 
a)
human eco footprint is expanding
b)
much of the damage is not visible to most people
c)
much of the global ocean area lies outside the boundaries of any country
d)
there is no scientific understanding of what needs to be done
84.
Pangolins are illegally hunted, decreasing the population. Their scarcity makes them more valuable, so hunting increases. This is a(n):
a)
negative feedback loop
b)
mutualistic relationship
c)
positive feedback loop
d)
commensalistic relationship
85.
Which is NOT a strategy to reduce fire-related harm to forests and people?
a)
set small, contained surface fires in high-risk forest areas
b)
encourage growth of young trees and underbrush
c)
thin a zone of 60 meters around homes in fire prone areas
d)
allow fires on public lands to burn as long as they don't threaten lives
86.
3 common methods in the cleanup of oil spills are
a)
large floating booms, skimmer boats, and genetically engineered bacteria
b)
skimmer boats, high temp incineratoin, and phytoremediation
c)
large floating booms, high temp incineration, and phytoremediation
d)
aeration of water, skimmer boats, and genetically engineered bacteria
87.
Homeostasis
a)
allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment
b)
is impossible in vertebrates
c)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
d)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
88.
The following is an example of what type of feedback loop?
a)
Negative Feedback Loop
b)
Neutral Feedback Loop
c)
Positive Feedback Loop
d)
Cowboy Feedback Loop
89.
The following is an example of what type of feedback loop?
a)
Negative Feedback Loop
b)
Neutral Feedback Loop
c)
Positive Feedback Loop
d)
Hypothermia Feedback Loop
90.
A rise in temperatures can cause more evaporation and clouds. These clouds will, in turn, reflect more incoming radiation. Identify this type of feedback 
a)
positive feedback
b)
negative feedback

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