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WorksheetsAS Psychology
Total questions: 130
Worksheet time: 2hrs 47mins
This research method is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing underlying reasons in behaviour.
Case Study
Experiments
Observational
Correlational
This is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).
Experiments
Case Study
Survey
Observational
What is replication?
cloning the scientist who first did an experiment
doing an experiment for the first time
doing an experiment again and getting different results
Doing an experiment again and getting the same results
What is a target population?
the whole group you want to study or describe
the population that is practicing sports
population inside the classroom
part of the group you want to study or describe
What is a sample in research?
the whole target population
a piece of food you get to try
an educated guess
only part of the target population
The Naturalistic-Observation Method takes place...
on a computer
in a house
in the field
in a lab
How can you "operationalize" verbal aggression?
Yelling at someone
Kicking someone
The number of insulting comments per hour.
Giving someone the silent treatment.
In __________ __________ every member of the target population has an equal chance of becoming part of the sample.
Stratified sampling
Random sampling
Opportunity sampling
Self-selected sampling
In_____________ _______________you recruit participants that are more easily available.
Self-selected sampling
Opportunity sampling
Random sampling
Stratified sampling
___________ ___________ __________ involves random allocation of participants into groups and a comparison b/w these groups.
Repeated measures design
Matched pair design
Independent measures design
Correlational measures design
___________ _________ is high when confounding variables have been controlled and we are quite certain that it was the change in the IV that caused the change in the DV.
External validity
Population validity
Internal validity
Ecological validity
_______________ _________________ are conducted in a real life setting. The researcher manipulates the IV, but the participants are in their natural setting.
Natural exp.
Field exp.
Lab exp.
Case study
_______________ _____________ are conducted in the participants natural environment and the researcher has no control over the IV, the IV occurred naturally.
Field exp.
Natural exp.
Lab exp.
Case study
The mind can be viewed as an information processing system.
Humanistic
Cognitive
Behavioral
Biological
Psychoanalytic
The university where the initial experiment was conducted
Princeton
Harvard
Yale
Pennsylvania
The study aimed to investigate the following, except for ...
obedience to authority
obedience to subordinate
destructive obedience
following order to harm others
What was the range of the shock generator?
450
435
300
150
Participants' comments were recorded as ... data
quantitative
qualitative
Which ones of the following behaviors were not displayed by the participants during the procedure?
sweating
laughs of relief
groaning
shaking
Which one of the following is not an IV in the study?
The race of the victim
The type of the victim
The race of the bystanders
The size of the group of bystanders
Diffusion of responsibility occurs in situations where....
people are less likely to help when others are also present
people are more likely to help when others are absent
a small group is present and all help the one in need
a large group is present and people help those similar to them
Which of the following is false about the Models in the study
All white males aged 24 and above
They lifted the drunk vicitm to a sitting position
They stood in the adjacent area of the train
They had a standardised time on which they offered help
This was not found in the results
Black victims received less help overall
Cane victims were helped in 62/65 trials
Early model was more effective in encouraging helping behaviour
The less the passengers present the more the helping of the victim
The cost-benefit model suggests that
Being close to an emergency does not lead to arousal
People help a drunk because of the disgust and aversion they feel
Arousal causes one to act to reduce this difficult feelings
When the benefits outweigh the costs people are less likely to help
This type of sampling was used in the study to recruit more than 4500 passengers
Random sampling
Volunteer sampling
Opportunity sampling
Stratified sampling
The study is low in reliability because of
The quantitative data produced
The control of variables such as the type of victim
The use of a natural setting where unpredictable behaviour occurs
The cause and effect relationship between victim type and helping
Practical problems affected the study. Which one was not a practical problem.
The Columbia student strike that caused the study to end
Some groups choosing to have more cane trials than drunk trials
Having only one black victim in comparison to three white victims
The victim collapsing on the train with no model to offer help
In the model trials the following occurred
The white drunk vicitim received 100% spontaneous help
The black cane victim received 100% spontaneous help
The black drunk victim received 100% spontaneous help
The white cane victim received 100% spontaneous help
The following is the IV of the Dement & Kleitman Experiment
Sleeping at bedtime
Woken up during REM or NREM sleep
Number of dreams recalled
The EEG machine readings
They discovered that eye movements are related to dreaming as confirmed in both normal subjects and schizophrenics.
Dement and Kleitman
Piliavin and Piliavin
Aserinsky and Kleitman
Schachter and Singer
What explanations are given for recalling dreams in NREM
The P was remembering things that happened during the day
The P was recalling a previous REM dream
The P was having hallucinations
The P was too lazy to move their eyes
Which ethic was raised when WD was told he would only be woken up in REM sleep yet he was woken in NREM.
consent
harm
deception
privacy
One of the following variables is not an individual factor in sleep and dreaming in the study
sleeping in a quiet dark room
the content of the dream
the duration of sleep each night
the pattern of eye movement
Which one of the following supports the 'nature' aspect in the study
eyes moving behind the eyelids when dreaming
not drinking caffeine and alcohol
time for bedtime
the content of the dreams recalled
The laboratory experiment used increased
the ecological validity
the extraneous variables
the demand characteristics
the population validity
An EEG measures
the number of eye movements
the content of a dream
the electrical activity in the brain
the frequency of dream duration
The following were used for the Dement & Kleitman Experiment?
Placebo Pills
Epinephrine Shots and Stooges
FMRI
Sleep laboratory EEG machine Electrodes
What was the percentage of occasions on which dreams recalled "Within 8 minutes" and "After 8 minutes"
Within 8 minutes = 28%
After 8 Minutes = 4%
Within 8 minutes =29%
After 8 Minutes = 4%
Within 8 minutes =29%
After 8 Minutes = 5%
Within 8 minutes =29%
After 8 Minutes = 6%
How many awakenings followed mixed eye movements?
21
20
22
19
When someone was woken after little or no eye movement, they reported watching something in the distance or staring at a fixed object.
True
False
What is the research design of the Yamamoto (Chimpanzee) study?
Independent groups
Repeated measures
Laboratory experiment
Field experiment
In the Yamamoto study, trial begins when the helper chimp had a box of 7 items, trial recorded as ended when
The helper chimp chose an item
The juice was obtained or when 5 minutes passed without success
When the helper chimp handed over the first tool; or 10 minutes had passed
When the helper chimp handed over any object
In the Yamamoto (chimpanzee) study, what was the AIM of the study?
Will conspecifics help when asked?
Understand helping behavior
Whether chimpanzees understand the needs of conspecifics and whether they will respond with targeted helping
Can chimpanzees use targeted helping when asked for help?
Which is the dependent variable? - Yamamoto
How many chimpanzees offered the correct tool.
How long it took each chimp to offer the correct tool.
How many trials ended with the helper looking through window
All answers are correct.
What were the names of the chimpanzees?
Marsha, Jan, Peter, Cindy, Greg, Bobby
Ai, Pal, Chloe, Cleo, Pan, Ayumu.
Buffy, Spike, Willow, Xander, Angel, Cordelia
Betty, Veronica, Archie, Jughead, Cheryl, Josie
What was the object that Pan offered the most? - Yamamoto
Stick
Brush
straw
rope
What is the biggest difference between the results of the two conditions? - Yamamoto
How often a tool was offered.
If the correct tool was offered.
Request was needed all the time.
How long it took to help.
In the Baron Cohen (Eyes Test)
All 5 hypothesis were supported
Only 4 hypothesis were supported
Only 3 hypothesis were supported
No hypothesis was supported
What was sampling method used in the Baron Cohen (Eyes test) study? (mark all that apply)
Volunteer
Self-Selecting
Opportunity
Random
Which of the following was an AIM of the Baron Cohen (Eyes Test) study?
To show that people better at science will score better on the R-ET
To test and see if people with AS/HFA will be better at math and science
To see if female superiority on the R-ET will be replicated
To show that high performance on AQ will make you score better on the R-ET
Which of the following was an AIM of the Laney (false memories) study?
To show that people who liked asparagus as children would pay more for it as adults
To investigate whether positive false memories of loving asparagus as a child, can be implanted into people
To investigate whether people will eat more asparagus if they think they like it
To investigate whether we can help adults each more vegetables by implanting false memories of loving them as a child
What were participants told the experiment was about in the Laney (false memory) study?
They would be completing questionnaires to determine which vegetable they liked the most
They would be completing a questionnaire to determine why they choose to eat certain foods when going to eat at a restaurant
They would be completing questionnaires
They would be completing a series of questionnaires to study the relationship between food preferences and personality
Which material was used in Experiment 2 ONLY of the Laney (false memory) study?
Memory or belief questionnaire
20 slides showing common food
Restaurant Questionnaire
Food Cost Questionnaire
How many subjects were there
180
182
184
186
Which one of the following was NOT a category in the observation of the euphoria condition?
Ignores
Neutral
Joins in
Watches
Suggests new activity
Which one of the following was NOT a category in the observation of the anger condition?
agrees
disagrees
Watches
leaves
ignores
Each participant had to wait 'how long' for the suproxin to enter the blood stream
10 mins
20 mins
30 mins
40 mins
Participants were asked to rate their palpitations/tremors on a scale of 0 - ?
2
3
4
5
Participants were asked to rate their irritation/happiness on a scale of 0 - ?
3
4
5
6
Which condition felt the happiest in the euphoric condition?
Epi-Infomed
Epi-misinfomed
Epi-ignorant
Placebo
Which condition felt the most angry in the angry condition?
Epi-ignorant
Placebo
Epi-informed
Epi-misinformed
How many participants were excluded because they were suspicious?
5
7
11
13
How many participants were excluded because they had no reaction to the adrenaline?
5
7
11
13
Identify the research method and the design of the study
lab experiment, matched pairs
field experiment,matched pairs
lab experiment, repeated measure
field experiment, independent measure
What were the IVs of the study?
Type of model
Model gender
Children's gender
Age of model
Children's age
Remembering what the model did is called:
reproduction
attention
retention
remembering
In the past, language training has been focused on
many birds species
primates
dogs
dolphins
In each training session, how many human was/were there?
One
Two
Three
Four
The human learner serves two roles, those are ...
model
rival
supporter
team mate
In continuous reinforcement, learner is rewarded ...
everytime he does as expected
when he has master the skill
when he makes no more mistakes
when he pass the test at minimum score
How many human was/were involved during the testing stage?
One
Two
Three
Four
Data were collected based on Alex responses to questions. Identify these questions.
What's the same?
What's different?
What colour?
How many?
What shape?
Some items used during training are also used to test Alex. these are called ...
familiar objects
novel objects
trained objects
known objects
What was the primary training technique used?
Model/Rival Technique
Evaluative Learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
What is the second humans purpose in the training process?
To act as a model and also a rival for the trainer's attention.
To act as a trainer to the other.
To get rewards of the correct answers given
To vocalise the words for Alex
In each trial, Alex was presented with two objects that could differ in one of the three categories, what were the categories?
shape, color or texture
color, material or sound
shape, color or sound
shape, color or material
The training procedure used in the Pepperberg was based on the concept of ____ by _____.
modeling; Bandura
attention; Andrade
false memory; Laney
2 factor theory of emotion; Schachter and Singer
Was Alex given a reward for the correct response and if so, what was the reward?
A cork.
A cracker.
No.
The object itself.
In terms of novel objects, the P answered correctly _____% of the time overall
50%
75%
85%
95%
There were four processes Alex had to go through to get a correct response. Which one is the odd one out?
Work our what is same/different
Determine the correct colour/shape of the object
Verbally produce a category response
Attend to multiple features of two different objects
What was the quantitative data collected in Pepperburg?
The objects Alex received as a reward.
The total number of colors recalled
Correct labeling of familiar objects and novel objects.
The number of correct shapes
What was the sampling technique for Pepperberg?
Opportunity
Volunteer
Stratified
Random
How many trials were conducted using new objects, during the testing stage?
79
96
113
129
In real life setting, birds use the concept of same/different to ...
identify food
identify human
interact with one another
learn expected behavior
A phobia is a fear that is
about something life threatening.
easy to overcome.
out of proportion to the danger
only mildly upsetting.
The sample in this study is
47 young adults with a phobia of buttons
A 9 year old Hispanic boy
A 12 year old white girl with fear of buttons
3 children aged 9-12
What research method is used in this study?
Lab experiment
Independent measures
Case Study
Field Experiment
Naturalistic Observation
The phobia began when
The child got hurt by a button on their shirt
The child was hurt by someone wearing a lot of buttons
The children were annoyed by the buttons in their uniform
A bowl of buttons fell on the child
What therapy helped to get rid of the disgust for buttons
Reward therapy
Imagery exposure
Evaluative learning
Behavioural exposure
The sampling method in the Saavedra and Silverman study was
opportunity sampling
random sampling
volunteer sampling
free sampling
When did the button phobia for the participant begin?
When a teacher scolded him for taking too many buttons
When other students at made fun of the buttons on his coat
In school, buttons from a bowl fell on him causing distress
When he accidentally swallowed a button at a young age
Which of the following was rated the highest by the participant in terms of disgust?
Large denim buttons
Small denim buttons
Large plastic clear buttons
Small plastic clear buttons
Which of the following aroused the lowest level of disgust?
large denim buttons
small denim buttons
large clear plastic buttons
small clear plastic buttons
Which of the following is true of the exposure therapy to buttons?
Over time the boy could handle more buttons and anxiety decreased
Over time the boy could handle fewer buttons and anxiety increased
Over time the boy could handle more buttons and anxiety increased
Over time the boy could handle more buttons and anxiety decreased
The distress ratings and severity ratings represent what kind of data
Qualitative
Quantitative
Both Qualitative and Quantitative
Neither Qualitative nor Qualitative
Answers to questions of why the boy found buttons disgusting would be classified as
Qualitative
Quantitative
Neither Quantitative nor Qualitative
Both Quantitative and Qualitative
Identify the experiment type of Experiment 1 & 2:
Experiment 1 : field, Experiment 2 : laboratory
Experiment 1 : laboratory, Experiment 2 : laboratory
Experiment 1 : laboratory, Experiment 2 : field
Experiment 1 : field, Experiment 2 : field
Identify the experiment type of Experiment 1 & 2:
Experiment 1 : field, Experiment 2 : laboratory
Experiment 1 : laboratory, Experiment 2 : laboratory
Experiment 1 : laboratory, Experiment 2 : field
Experiment 1 : field, Experiment 2 : field
For Experiment 1, believers ratings in FHI increased by ...
2.4
2.6
4.5
0.9
Identify all questionnaire that were used as a "before" and "after' measurement in experiment 2
FHI
RQ
FCQ
FPQ
MBQ
Why was asparagus chosen as the feature of the false memory?
Because most adults can't remember liking it as children
Because its a healthy vegetable
Because it has a rather sophisticated taste, and thus not a food that most children immediately like
Because most people don't like it.
What was the sample of the first study?
128 students from the University of California.
128 students from the University of Washington
103 students from the University of Washington
128 students from the University of California, Irvine
Characteristics of this sample included
Mostly male (72%) with a mean age of 21.9
Mostly female (77%) with a mean age of 20.8.
Mostly male (67%) with a mean age of 20.8.
Mostly female (75%) with a mean age of 21.8.
The experimental design was?
Matched Pairs
Repeated Measures
Independent Measures
Quasi
The Food History Questionnaire included....
24 items and the critical item was “Loved asparagus the first time you tried it,”
26 items and the critical item was “Loved the way your Mum cooked asparagus,”
24 items and the critical item was “Loved cooked asparagus,”
32 items and the critical item was “Loved asparagus the first time you tried it,”
The false feedback included which statement in the 3rd position
“you loved to eat cooked asparagus,”
“you enjoyed fried foods,”
“you disliked spinach,”
“you felt happy when a classmate brought sweets to
school.”
What dod subjects have to do to ensure that they processed the feedback?
complete the food preferences questionnaire
complete the food preferences questionnaire and the food costs questionnaire
answer brief questions about the items given as part of the feedback
repeat all the questionnaires given in Session 1
4, 2, 7, 4, 3
