WorksheetsExercise Physiology: Heat + Cold
Total questions: 26
Worksheet time: 15mins
The body adapts to training in excessive heat. Which statements (multiple answers) discuss correct adaptations to heat training:
Increased sweat production - most effective method of heat loss and very closely linked with the heat transfer method of evaporation
Increased blood plasma - allows for better blood flow therefore better heat loss in the peripheral vessels. Heart rate also remains lower.
There is a reduced electrolyte and sodium concentration in sweat - the fitter the athlete the more dilute their sweat.
Sweating occurs more in places that are covered by clothing so heat loss via evaporation is enhanced
Heat transfer often works on a gradient basis. This means that heat
Flows to areas which are hotter
Flows to areas which are cooler
produced by the body only moves if exercising in hot environments
will simply build up in the body until exercise stops
Regarding cardiac drift, select the correct statement
It is an immediate response which occurs when exercising in heat
It involves an increased heart rate to compensate for a reduced stroke volume. This enables a maintenance of cardiac output.
It involves an stroke volume to compensate for a reduced heart rate. This enables a maintenance of cardiac output.
It involves an increased heart rate to compensate for a reduced stroke volume. This enables a maintenance of tidal volume
Regarding double heat load, select the INCORRECT statement
Double heat load is the decreased blood flow to both the working muscles and the skin.
It comes about because in heat, the competition between muscles and skin for blood is intensified
Is not exacerbated (intensified) when exercising in extremely hot conditions
Double heat load discusses both the heat which is absorbed from the environment and the heat generated by working muscles.
Which is NOT a physiological adaption which results from heat acclimatisation training
Increased sweat rate (you sweat more)
Reduced core temp at onset of sweating (you sweat sooner)
You sweat in more efficient places (where it can be best evaporated)
There is an increased amount of haemoglobin in the blood (increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood)
Which of the below is NOT a short term response to exercising in heat
Increased sweat response
Vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the skin
Increase blood flow to the periphery
•Increased core and skin temp
Vasodilation of the blood vessels near the skin help heat to be transferred away from the body via which method:
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
Hyponatremia refers to:
Overheating and occurs when body experiences extreme loss of salt and water through sweating
An abnormally low concentration of salt in the plasma.
when fluid intake does not match fluid loss
Sweat rates are highest in _______ environments because the functionality of ________ is impaired. In these situations, the body response by producing _____ sweat.
hot and humid / evaporation/ less
hot and windy / convection/ less
hot and windy / convection/ more
hot and humid / evaporation/ more
MULTIPLE ANSWERS: To better cope with heat athletes can:
Undertake pre-cooling methods such as drinking ice slushies or wearing ice vests
Wear light, tight fitting clothing
Ensure they increase their fat intake to have a better body composition which will insulate their bodies.
Wear light, loose fitting clothing
For an athlete who embarks on heat acclimatisation training they should:
complete a block of training of 10 days, at least 4-6 weeks prior to the competition
complete a block of training of 3 days, at least 4-6 weeks prior to the competition
complete a block of training of 10 days, at least 1 week prior to the competition
Wearing an ice vest helps to athletes to lose heat via which method?
Convection
Conduction
Evaporation
Radiation
Whilst exercising the most predominant method an athlete loses heat is through
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation
List the following in the correct order which they occur:
heat stroke - dehydration - heat exhaustion
dehydration - heat stroke - heat exhaustion
heat exhaustion - dehydration - heat stroke
dehydration - heat exhaustion - heat stroke
Which type of athlete listed below is most likely to engage in a heat training program
High jumper
Discus thrower
200m runner
Soccer midfielder
Evaporation is a method in which heat can be dissipated (lost) from the body. The physiological response which enables this to occur is:
Vasodilation of the blood vessels
Blood being redirected to the periphery
An increased sweat rate
Increased ventilation
Select the below short term physiological responses which ASSIST with cooling the body
Vasodilation of blood vessels
Increased viscosity of blood
decreased stroke volume
blood flow is redirected to the periphery
The amount of heat lost through convection is increased in which environment
High humidity
Windy
Extreme heat
Hot, humid and still conditions
Select ALL the long term physiological reasons that explain why an athlete embarks on a heat training program (multiple answers)
The onset (start) of sweating occurs at earlier temperature which results in the body's core temperature not rising as quickly.
Sweat becomes more dilute which results in more electrolytes and sodium being retained in the body.
A decreased stroke volume meaning more blood is pumped by the heart with each beat
An increase in the viscosity levels in the blood allowing for more efficient transfer of blood to the skin and working muscles.
Select the CORRECT statement
People who live in cold climates have no way of completing any forms of heat acclimatisation training
Heat training can only be achieved in countries where the mean daily temperature is above 30 degrees
There are many ways heat training can be achieved, including the use of heat chambers, travelling to hot places and wearing an excessive amount of clothing
When competing in cold conditions, some concerns are (multiple answers):
reduced thirst sensation which can lead to dehydration
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Reduced fine motor control
In regards to cold:
Acclimatisation training is necessary to stimulate a number of physiological adaptations to help athletes perform better in control
No long term adaptations occur, however training in cold can help athletes mentally prepare for game day conditions and provides opportunities for players to experiment with clothing.
Acclimatisation training must be completed at least 2 weeks prior to competition, especially if competition conditions are sub 0
Athletes should train in cold to accelerate the strength and speed of vasoconstriction as this limits heat lost through radiation
The wind chill index combines the ambient air temperature with wind speed. Wind accelerates the loss of heat via which method?
Conduction
Radiation
Evaporation
Convection
On exposure to cold climates, immediate responses are (multiple answers)
piloerection of hairs
vasoconstriction of blood vessels near the periphery
Shivering
Increased blood flow to the extremities (hands and feet)
Which two methods of heat transfer are most closely linked in atheletic performance?
Conduction and evaporation
Convection and evaporation
Radiation and conduction
Radiation and convection
When competing in cold climates athletes have: (Multiple answers)
An increased risk of tearing muscles if not appropriately warmed up
A decreased thirst sensation
decreased dexterity due shivering response and peripheral vasoconstriction
An increased sweat response due to the hyper sensitive nature of sweat ducts when exposed to extreme cold.
