A method of payment for goods whereby the buyer pays the seller in advance of shipment of goods.

Penalty charge by an operator to the shipper due to longer uses of vehicles caused by loading and unloading delay by shipper.

Combining two or more shipments in order to realize lower transportation rates.

A contract between a cargo shipper and carrier for the transport of multiple cargoes over a period of time.

To avoid taxation

To avoid political instability and political restriction

To engage in shipping commitments through bilateral, regional and other trade agreements

To gain advantage on sales tax, profit tax and registration fee

LASH

FOC

BACAT

JIT

To reduce cost

To reduce turnover time

To reduce traffic congestion

To increase capacity

To speed up movement

FOB Destination

FOB Time

FOB Origin

FOB Schedule

The seller will bear the cost of shipment to the named port of destination.

The seller is responsible to clear the goods for export and bears all possibilities and costs related with shipment of the cargo to the named place of destination, not unloaded.

The seller is responsible for the cost and shipment arrangement from the origin to the name port of destination.

One or more companies or individuals who participate in the flow of goods and services from the manufacturer to the final user or consumer.

Where the supplier pays the shipping costs, which include insurances from origin to final destination.

Involves shipping goods or freight between various distribution locations to avoid stockouts.

Users who travel using public transport.

A single-decked vessel with big hatches, wing tank arrangements, and a clear access to the stern.

Determine the minimum responsibilities on seller but greater on buyer.

To calculate no of passenger

To estimate cost

The estimate the price of ticket

To increase the capacity and productivity of the service.

Warehouse Layout

Weather conditions

Type of material handling

Type of vessel

Transshipment cost