Font size
WorksheetsIGCSE 0610 21 Human influences on ecosystems
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 32mins
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.
Name one other greenhouse gas
(a)
A
B
C
D
There can be a shortage of water in highly-developed countries where water use is very high.
Some water is used to flush waste from domestic toilets.
Choose all of the reasons why this water must be treated before it can be reused
To remove any harmful pathogens from sewage
To stop the water running out
To reduce the pH of the water
To remove harmful chemicals from the sewage
To remove the floating poos from the sewage
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) can cause acid rain.
Name one other pollutant that can cause acid rain
(a)
A
B
C
D
A pollutant causes a plant to lose its green colour.
How will this pollutant affect plants of this type over long period of time?
colourless mutants will survive
larger leaves will be produced
there will be no long-lasting effects
this type of plant will not survive
0 km
3 km
10 km
14 km
What is the name of the effect which is enhanced by increasing carbon dioxide and methane concentrations in the atmosphere?
(a)
State a possible cause of an increase in carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.
(a)
Select all the adverse effects of increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere
increased sea levels
enhanced greenhouse effect
increased species globally
increased flooding
increased habitats
Sulfur dioxide dissolves in rainwater to form acid rain.
Select measure which can be used to reduce the effects of acid rain
Add limestone to lakes
Add sulphuric acid to rivers
Use less fossil fuels
Stop using transportation
Catalytic convertors on car exhausts
What is reduced when untreated sewage is released into rivers?
the amount of nitrate
the concentration of carbon dioxide
the concentration of oxygen
the number of bacteria
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
Select all the ways a farmer could reduce the chance of eutrophication occurring when they apply fertilisers to crops.
Water the crops with larger amounts of water during application of fertiliser
Calculate exact amounts of fertiliser to use
Use slow-release fertilisers
Use quick-release fertilisers
Do not use fertilisers close to water ways
Fertilisers, herbicides and insecticides all pollute water.
State another source of water pollution
(a)
Select all undesirable effects of habitat destruction by deforestation
extinction
loss of soil
increased flooding
increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels has what effect on the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations?
Decreases carbon dioxide concentrations
Increases carbon dioxide concentrations
Deforestation has what effect on the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations?
Decreases carbon dioxide concentrations
Increases carbon dioxide concentrations
Deforestation has what effect on the atmospheric oxygen concentrations?
Decreases oxygen concentrations
Increases oxygen concentrations
Which of these outcomes occurs during eutrophication?
increased species diversity
increased aerobic respiration by decomposers
increased dissolved oxygen
increased growth of producers with greater nitrate availability
Select all of the problems caused by non-biodegradable plastics in the environment
They reduce soil
They are persistent, they don't break down
They cause eutrophication
They release toxins
What is the purpose of chemical fertilisers in agriculture?
Kill pests
Increase plant growth
Prevent weed growth
Aerate the soil
Which option shows the correct sequence of the process of eutrophication?
Increase in nitrates -> algal bloom on surface -> reduced sunlight enters -> reduced oxygen in the water -> plants die and are decomposed
Reduced oxygen in the water -> plants die and are decomposed -> increase in nitrates -> algal bloom on surface -> reduced sunlight enters.
Algal bloom on surface -> reduced oxygen in the water -> plants die and are decomposed -> increase in nitrates -> reduced sunlight enters.
Increase in nitrates -> algal bloom on surface -> reduced sunlight enters -> plants die and are decomposed -> reduced oxygen in the water.
The diagram shows four positions on a river where water samples were taken.
Which graph shows oxygen concentrations in the river?
The graph shows changes in part of a lake after it has been polluted by fertilisers from a nearby farm.
At which time will the oxygen concentration in the water be lowest?
A
B
C
D
On the map shown, sulfur dioxide is produced at X. Which region is most likely to experience acid rain?
A
B
C
D
Different pesticides were tested to see how poisonous they were to fish. Scientists found the concentration of pesticide that killed 50% of the fish within four days.
The table shows the results of the tests.
Which pesticide was the most dangerous to the fish?
A DDT
B dieldrin
C malathion
D parathion
Which shows the effects of female contraceptive hormones in water?
Reduced sperm count in men and feminisation of fish species
Increased sperm count in men and feminisation of fish species
Reduced sperm count in fish species and feminisation of men
Reduced fertility in women and feminisation of fish species
Why do methane and carbon dioxide cause the enhanced greenhouse effect?
They absorb short wave radiation from the sun and trap it in the atmosphere
They absorb long wave radiation from the sun and trap it in the atmosphere
They absorb long wave radiation from the Earth and trap it in the atmosphere
They absorb short wave radiation from the Earth and trap it in the atmosphere
What is the correct definition of sustainable development?
Stopping the use of non-renewable resources so they are available for future generations
Developing more renewable resources so that non-renewable resources can be conserved.
Managing use of resources so that we have what we need, whilst still leaving enough for future generations.
Making sure that resources are replaced as quickly as they are used so that they do not run out
One way to sustainably manage fish stocks is to ensure that only fish over a certain size are removed from the ocean. How does this help?
It limits the number of fish removed, leaving enough behind to reproduce.
It prevents juveniles from being caught, so they are able to reach an age where they can reproduce.
It reduces the variation within the fish species to encourage natural selection
It means that the fish can be sold for a higher price.
Why is agricultural machinery important in food production?
It allows greater areas of land to be farmed
It makes plants grow faster
It removes the weeds that compete for soil nutrients
It increases efficiency
What is a consequence of mining for natural resources?
Habitat destruction and extinction of species
Reduced land available for farming
It is not sustainable
More resources are available for use
What is the purpose of a herbicide?
Reduce competition between pests and humans
Reduce competition between crops and weeds
Increase the rate of plant growth
Increase the amount of land that can be farmed
Which option explains how deforestation causes loss of soil?
Reduction in transpiration increases surface run-off
Reduction in photosynthesis causes increased concentrations of carbon dioxide
Reduction in plant roots decreases anchorage
Reduction in transpiration increases the volume of water stored underground
Which of these are reasons for species endangerment?
Loss of habitat
Hunting
Pollution
Introduction of new species to the ecosystem
Increase in population of a natural predator
Which of the following is not a cause of famine?
Insufficient global food production
Unequal food distribution
Weather - drought/flooding
Poverty
Increasing human population
Which are possible consequences to an ecosystem of intensive livestock rearing?
Soil erosion due to overgrazing
Slurry - animal waste - washes into lakes and streams
Monoculture reduces biodiversity
Increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics
What are the two most significant effect of discarded plastic on marine ecosystems?
It looks unsightly (not pretty)
It breaks apart into microplastic which is ingested by filter feeders
It builds up in the digestive systems of organisms that mistake it for food
It is hard to remove
not using insecticides
not using herbicides
using selective breeding
using smaller areas of land
Many farms grow one type of crop plant on a large area of land. This is called large-scale monoculture.
Select the negative impacts to ecosystems of large-scale monoculture
habitat destruction
pollution
species extinction
enhanced greenhouse effect
feminisation of aquatic organisms
Which feature of deforestation has the greatest effect on atmosphere?
extinction of forest animal species
increased risk of flooding
reduction of photosynthesis
soil erosion
State the name of the type of habitat destruction shown in the photograph
(a)
What is an effect of deforestation?
more erosion
more species
more transpiration
more variety of habitats
cutting down the forest
removing the cattle
removing the silt out of the lake
using pesticides on the crops
Deforestation can cause an increase in the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.
Select two uses for the land which has been cleared of trees
National park
Agriculture
Building houses
Carbon dioxide sink
Select all methods for conserving endangered plant species
Growing them in glasshouses
Seed banks
Captive breeding programmes
Set quotas on harvesting
Nature reserves / protected areas
Treatment of sewage has several stages.
Some of the stages are: Screening, filtration, Primary and secondary treatment.
Stage the name of one other stage of sewage treatment
(a)
What term is used to describe a resource which is produced as rapidly as it is removed from the environment so that it does not run out?
(a)
Select all of the reasons that organisms may become endangered or extinct
climate change
habitat destruction
hunting
pollution
introduced species
Select all of the reasons for conservation programmes
giving the government something to do
protecting vulnerable environments
maintaining ecosystem functions eg water cycling
producing greater yields of food crops
(a)
Select which are reasons that we should conserve fossil fuels
They are non-renewable
They are renewable
They are sustainable
less carbon dioxide will be released from burning
What risk is there to the fish population if the population decreases?
greater variation in genes
reduced variation in genes
migration to alternate habitat
greater competition for food resources
Which of these can be reused or recycled?
paper
glass
some plastics
metal
What methods can be used to maintain fish stocks?
Select all that apply
Education of consumers
Selective breeding
Destruction of habitats
Limiting fishing by use of quotas
Restocking the population by captive breeding ad release
Which of the following are required for successful sustainable development?
Management of conflicting demands
Planning and co-operation at local, national and international levels
Strict laws, fines and prosecution
Greater resource use across all levels
Which of the following is NOT a source of pollution in the ocean?
Nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers used on land.
Oils found on city streets.
Sand drifting along the bottom of the ocean floor.
Emissions from gas-burning vehicles.
What is a species that does not belong in an area that causes harm to the ecosystem?
native species
invasive species
inverted species
wrong species
