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APPsychReviewUnit1andUnit5

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Any system that encodes, stores and retrieves information
a)
Chunking
b)
Memory
c)
Sensory experience
d)
Rehearsal
2.
Preserves brief sensory impression for only a fraction of a second.
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Working Memory
c)
Short-Term Memory
d)
Long-Term Memory
3.
Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.
a)
Rehearsal
b)
Chunking
c)
Perserverance
d)
Encoding
4.
Location and recovery of info from memory
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
5.
Has unlimited storage capacity
a)
Working memory
b)
Short-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
d)
Long-term memory
6.
A memory of something that was NOT deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
7.
Memory of something that WAS deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
8.
The rules of language
a)
Grammer
b)
Morphemes
c)
Language acquistion
d)
Script
9.
A knowledge cluster 
a)
Script
b)
Schema
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
10.
Problem-solving procedures or formulas that guarantee a correct outcome
a)
Schema
b)
Script
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
11.
Inability to perceive a new use for an object associated with a different purpose
a)
Mental set
b)
Functional Fixedness
c)
Bias
12.
When Janice forgot to pack a pillow for her camping trip she used her down-jacket as a substitute pillow. In this situation Janice:
a)
Was not constrained by functional fixedness
b)
Was constrained by a mental set
c)
Was constrained by functional fixedness
d)
Used an algorithm to solve her problem
13.
You hear that one of the Smith children is an outstanding Little League player and you immediately conclude that it’s their son rather than any of their four daughters. You reached your quite possibly erroneous conclusion as the result of:
a)
The confirmation bias
b)
The availability heuristic
c)
The representativeness heuristic
d)
Belief perseverance
14.
With regards to ground beef, consumers respond more positively to an ad describing it as “75 percent lean” than to one referring to its “25 percent fat” content. This is an example of:
a)
The framing effect
b)
Confirmation bias
c)
Mental set
d)
Overconfidence
15.
The child who says “milk gone” is engaging in ____________. This type of utterance demonstrates that children are actively experimenting with the rules of ____________.
a)
Babbling; syntax
b)
Telegraphic speech; syntax
c)
Babbling; semantics
d)
Telegraphic speech; semantics
16.

Whorf’s linguistic determination hypothesis states that:

a)

Language is primarily a learned ability

b)

Language is partially an innate ability

c)

The size of a person’s vocabulary reflects his or her intelligence

d)

Our language shapes our thinking

17.
You are used to driving a car with a standard shift.  Today you are driving a friend’s car that has an automatic transmission.  As you drive, you keep trying to shift gears, but there is no shift.  This tendency is most likely due to: 
a)
nretroactive interference.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
motivated forgetting.
d)
encoding failure.
18.
After studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material that he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty best illustrates
a)
retroactive interference.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
source amnesia.
d)
the spacing effect.
19.

What three types of intelligence constitute Sternberg's triachic theory of intelligence?

a)

global, intuitive, and special

b)

general, global, and specific

c)

analytical, creative, and practical

d)

mathematical, reasoning, and verbal

e)

intuitive, emotional, and general

20.

The sentence "The musician great a tune knowed to play" violates the rules of

a)

semantics

b)

syntax

c)

morphemes

d)

deep structure

21.
Students who restudy course material at the end of a semester in order to pass the AP final exam are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of
a)
implicit memory
b)
the serial position effect
c)
long-term potentation
d)
the spacing effect
22.
Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.
a)
recall; recognition
b)
recognition; relearning
c)
recall; relearning
d)
recognition; rehearsal
23.
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. 
a)
iconic memory
b)
implicit memory
c)
echoic memory
d)
working memory
24.
What element of language does the sh- in shirt and sheep represent?
a)
PHONEME
b)
MORPHEME
c)
SYNTAX
d)
BABBLING
25.
What part of the brain deals with implicit memory?
a)
CEREBELLUM
b)
HIPPOCAMPUS
c)
FRONTAL LOBE
d)
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
26.
What type of memory allows you to remember sounds for a short time?
a)
ECHOIC MEMORY
b)
ICONIC MEMORY
c)
IMPLICIT MEMORY
27.
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. 
a)
 implicit memory
b)
echoic memory
c)
sensory memory
d)
flashbulb memory
28.
The process of filing information into your memory is...
a)
Chunking
b)
Encoding
c)
Retrieving
d)
Priming
29.
John was in a car accident and can no longer make new memories. He suffers from 
a)
retrograde amnesia
b)
anterograde amnesia
c)
serial position effect
d)
self-reference effect 
30.

The greater likelihood of recalling an item when our mood matches the mood we are in when the event happened.

a)

flashbulb memories

b)

state dependent memories

c)

constructed memory

d)

mood congruent memory

31.
The title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by
a)
repression.
b)
encoding failure.
c)
retrieval failure.
d)
a physical decay of stored memory.
32.
What is the information processing model (aka what 3 things do we need to do to remember an event?)
a)
Encode, store, retrieve
b)
Sensory, short-term, long-term
33.

Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner’s multiple intelligences?

a)

Naturalist

b)

Spatial

c)

General

d)

Musical

34.

Which of Sternberg’s areas of intelligence focuses on everyday task success?

a)

Analytical

b)

Academic

c)

Creative

d)

Practical

35.

Which is designed to predict a person’s future performance?

a)

Mental age

b)

Intelligence test

c)

Achievement test

d)

Aptitude test

36.

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest is called __________________________.

a)

standardization.

b)

reliability.

c)

content validity.

d)

predictive validity.

37.

Peter is doing a research paper on intelligence and notices that IQ scores have significantly increased over the years. This is called (the)__________________.

a)

Flynn effect.

b)

reliability.

c)

content validity.

d)

normal curve.

38.

Fred and Eric are identical twins. Which is likely true about their intelligence?

a)

Their intelligence test scores are closely matched.

b)

Their brain matter volume and activation are different.

c)

Their environment has no influence on their intelligence.

d)

They have the same intelligence correlations as adopted siblings would.

39.

Jacob is 9 years old and academically performs at a 12 year-old level. What’s his average IQ?

a)

75

b)

133

c)

13

d)

100

40.
If a researcher wants to be able to predict if two variables are related to each other they would use
a)
experimental research
b)
correlational research
c)
case study
d)
illusory research
41.
What is a double blind procedure?
a)
Participants don't know which group they're in
b)
Researchers don't know which group the participants are in
c)
Neither participants nor researcher knows who is in which group
d)
Both researcher and participants know who is in each group
42.
The tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that you knew it all along is the definition of...
a)
Overconfidence
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
Perceiving order in random events
d)
Critical thinking
43.
All those in a group being studied is referred to as the...
a)
Random sample
b)
Representative sample
c)
Population
d)
Sampling bias
44.
If two sets relate inversely, then it has a ___ correlation
a)
Positive
b)
Negative
c)
Causation
d)
There is no correlation
45.
A way of measurement that shows how much the scores depart from a mean?
a)
range
b)
reliability
c)
inferential statistics
d)
standard deviation
46.
Which of the following shows a negative correlation?
a)
As the temperature goes up, the amount of ice cream sales increases
b)
The more absences Henry has, the lower his grades are
c)
The taller you are, the more candy you eat
d)
When you eat more food, your weight increases
47.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a case study?
a)
takes too long
b)
not specific enough
c)
may not be a reliable representation of everyone - only that individual
d)
They may not be honest
48.
It is commonly believed that going outside when the weather is cold and rainy, you will get a cold. This is not true. This is an example of a(n) __.
a)
Illusory correlation
b)
placebo effect
c)
random assignment
d)
experiment
49.
A corelation coefficient __.
a)
tells what is being compared
b)
shows the factor being manipulated
c)
is the expirament
d)
describes the strength and direction of the relationship of two variables
50.
The study over a long period of time using the same group of people is called what?
a)
Longitudinal study
b)
Case study
c)
Survey
d)
Cross sectional study
51.
A graphed cluster of dots that represent the value of 2 variables is called what?
a)
Correlation
b)
Random shaping
c)
Sampling bias
d)
Scatter plot
52.
Which correlation coefficient demonstrates the highest correlation?
a)
0.92
b)
-0.38
c)
-0.11
d)
0.67
53.
A statement of procedure used to define research variables is what?
a)
Operational definition
b)
Case study
c)
Naturalistic observation
d)
Survey
54.

______________ studies are different from experiments in that the researcher does not manipulate any variables.

a)

Descriptive

b)

Qualitative

c)

Correlational

d)

Quantitative

55.

__________ refers to the extent to which the results of the study can be applied beyond the sample and the settings used in the study.

a)

Generalizability

b)

Population

c)

Sample

d)

Credibility

56.

_____________ ____________ are variables that can potentially distort the relationship between the IV and the DV.

a)

Target population

b)

Confounding variables

c)

Matching variables

d)

Target variables

57.

The variable manipulated by the researcher is the

a)

Dependent Variable

b)

Independent Variable

c)

Confounding Variable

d)

Correlational variable

58.

This is an example of

a)

Positive Skew

b)

Negative Skew

c)

Positive Correlation

d)

Negative Correlation

59.

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution is known as the

a)

Range

b)

Mean

c)

Median

d)

Mode

60.

A sample that represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion is known as

a)

Random sample

b)

Random assignment

c)

Random variable

d)

Random blind study

61.

If the findings of the research showed that the difference between the experimental and control group was relatively large, it would be said that it is

a)

randomized

b)

had confounding variables

c)

statistically significant

d)

had a standard deviation

62.

In an experiment, the variable that changes in response to independent variable is known as

a)

Independent variable

b)

Dependent variable

c)

Changing variable

d)

Control variable

63.

The middle score in a distribution, half scores are above it and half are below it, is known as what?

a)

Standard deviation

b)

Mean

c)

Mode

d)

Median

64.

In an experiment, the group with independent variable is known as what?

a)

Single blind Group

b)

Control Group

c)

Experimental Group

d)

The effect

65.

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research experiment is known as

a)

replication

b)

operational definition

c)

hypothesis

d)

standardization

66.

Which of the following methods best limits the influence of unknown variables in an experiment?

a)

Random assignment

b)

Debriefing

c)

Stratified Sampling

d)

Subject matching

e)

Correlational study

67.

Dr. Lee is interested in the effect of lighting on people's ability to concentrate. Dr. Lee studies this by manipulating the amount of lighting while participants read and then measuring their scores on a reading comprehension test. Which of the following research methods is Dr. Lee using?

a)

Case study

b)

Survey

c)

Correlational study

d)

Experiment

e)

Simulation

68.

It is important for researchers to use precise operational definitions when...

a)

They want to ensure that conditions are assigned randomly

b)

They want to be able to replicate the experiment

c)

They want to organize the hypothesis appropriately

d)

They are conducting experimental research but not correlational research

e)

They are conducting an experiment with no independent and dependent variables

69.

Research particpants are randomly assigned to one of three groups. One group listens to a list of words, another group reads a list of words, and the third group hears and reads the words. The researcher then tests the participants' memories to see how many words the members of each group can recall. The way the words are presented is which type of variable?

a)

Confounding

b)

Dependent

c)

Independent

d)

Extraneous

e)

Control

70.

Researchers find that there is a significant, positive correlation between the number of hours students sleep and their grades. The researchers would be justified in concluding that...

a)

Earning good grades causes people to sleep more

b)

Sleeping more causes students to perform better in school

c)

Students who earn good grades tend to sleep more than those who do not

d)

More sleep has a beneficial impact on school performance

71.

Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on a given test, the higher the student's college GPA. Which of the following best describes this relationship?

a)

A bimodal distribution

b)

A normal distribution

c)

A skewed distribution

d)

A positive correlation

e)

A negative correlation

72.

The term “g-factor” refers to

a)

General Intelligence

b)

Gardeners Factors

c)

Group Intelligence

d)

Generation Factors

73.

When the same procedures are used in giving a test to all people, the test has been __________

a)

Standardized

b)

Validated

c)

Normalized

d)

Operationalized

74.

A test is said to be reliable if it

a)

measures the skill it claims to test

b)

gives the same score to a person taking the test multiple times

c)

can be used to test different topics

d)

is passed easily

75.

Tests should be which of the following?

a)

valid, difficult, and relevant

b)

relevant, modernized, and unique

c)

reliable, valid, and standardized

d)

standardized, 25 questions, and reliable

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