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Hort Final Review 2022

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

_______- is the study of fruit production

a)

olericulture

b)

arboriculture

c)

pomology

d)

floriculture

2.

Charles Darwin first proposed ______

a)

theory of evolution

b)

systematic method of nomenclature

c)

idea of genetic inheritance

d)

use of herbariums

3.

Plant growth regulators are also known as ________.

a)

plant substances

b)

chlorophyll

c)

mitochondria

d)

plant hormones

4.
When grafting Apple trees, a _________ is attached to the understock.
a)
stem
b)
twig
c)
scion
d)
rootstock
5.
Pomology is ______
a)
study of fruit production
b)
[process of going dormant
c)
vegetable production
6.

By leaving grass clippings on the lawn, you can reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer you need by _______.

a)

one bag/year

b)

one bag/month

c)

one pound/year

d)

one pound/acre

7.

Late winter/early spring would be the best time of year to :

a)

plant potatoes

b)

mulch

c)

cut down old apple trees

d)

prune apple trees

8.

_______ are used in the landscape primarily to provide seasonal color

a)

annual plants

b)

biennial plants

c)

evergreen plants

d)

fountains

9.

Turf grasses need high levels of __ to look their best.

a)

nitrogen fertilizers

b)

phosphorous

c)

foot traffic

d)

calcium chloride

10.

Seasonal interest in landscape plantings can be improved by ________.

a)

using ground covers

b)

using plants with showy flowers and ornamental fruits

c)

using wind break on the north side of building

d)

planting shade trees on the south side of building

11.

Taxonomy is study of ____.

a)

plant morphology

b)

plant names

c)

plant physiology

d)

plant structure

12.

A complete or perfect flower has _________.

a)

sepals and petals

b)

anthers and filaments

c)

sepals, petals, pistils, and stamens

d)

stigma, style and ovary

13.

A border planting has ________.

a)

more than one point of view

b)

lots of pretty flowers

c)

one primary point of view

d)

all short plants

14.

A planting hole should be dug_______ the root ball.

a)

as big as

b)

twice as deep as

c)

three times as wide as

d)

three times as deep as

15.

The xylem and phloem are ________ of a plant.

a)

reproductive tissues

b)

male and female structures

c)

vascular tissues

d)

photo-synthetically active areas

16.

Herbaceous plants ________.

a)

don't have flowers

b)

don't form seeds

c)

don't form bark

d)

don't have a function in landscape

17.

Perennial plant with small thin leaves have a ________/

a)

complementary color scheme

b)

fine texture

c)

coarse texture

d)

whorled leaf arrangement

18.

______- refers to color spectrum of light

a)

light meter

b)

light quantity

c)

light quality

d)

light duration

19.

______- refers to color spectrum of light

a)

light meter

b)

light quantity

c)

light quality

d)

light duration

20.

________ is one of the major functions of technical maintenance.

a)

recycling

b)

pest control

c)

landscape design

d)

eutrophication

21.

_________ are not typically available throughout the summer months.

a)

container grown plants

b)

bare root plants

c)

tender bulbs

d)

tender perennials

22.

What are the major vegetative parts of plant?

a)

leaf, flower, and seed

b)

leaf, root, and stem

c)

root, seed, and bud

d)

stem ,flower ,and node

23.

What are the major reproductive parts of the plant?

a)

leaf, fstem, and root

b)

leaf, seed, and flower

c)

leaf, fruit, and stem

d)

flower, fruit, and seed

24.

What are the four essential plant parts:

a)

leaf, flower, stem, and root

b)

leaf, root, seed, and flower

c)

flower, seed, petal, and root

d)

stem, flower, root, and seed

25.

What are the four essential plant parts:

a)

leaf, flower, stem, and root

b)

leaf, root, seed, and flower

c)

flower, seed, petal, and root

d)

stem, flower, root, and seed

26.

The four main parts of the flowers:

a)

stamen, style, ovary, and pistil

b)

petal, pistil, stamen, and sepal

c)

anther, petal, sepal, and receptacle

d)

anther, petal, stamen, and receptacle

27.

Plant production from a cutting is a type of __________ propagation.

a)

Asexual

b)

Bisexual

c)

Sexual

d)

Unsexual

28.

A monocotyledon is defined as

a)

embryo with no cotyledon

b)

embryo with single cotyledon

c)

embryo with two cotyledon

d)

embryo with three cotyledon

29.

Cotyledons are defined as _____

a)

vascular bundle

b)

seedlings

c)

embryo

d)

seed leaves

30.

The required conditions of germination include:

a)

moisture, soil, temperature

b)

soil, air, and temperature

c)

moisture, air, optimal temperatures,

d)

light soil and temperature

31.

The most favorable temperature or seed germination is :

a)

65-80 °\degree F

b)

32-105 °\degree F

c)

32-65 °\degree F

d)

80-105 °\degree F

32.

Vigor is ______.

a)

the ability of seeds to germinate under different conditions

b)

the ability of seed to work hard

c)

the ability of seed to grow

33.

A monocot plant example is:

a)

bean

b)

carrot

c)

oats

d)

turnip

34.

Dicots have _______.

a)

fibrous roots

b)

tap roots

c)

non-fibrous roots

d)

adventitious roots

35.

Which of the following is not a specialized stem:

a)

tuber

b)

bulb

c)

tendril

d)

root

36.

Which of the following is not a specialized stem:

a)

tuber

b)

bulb

c)

tendril

d)

root

37.

An evergreen is an example of an _______.

a)

Annual

b)

Biennial

c)

Perennial

d)

Winter Annual

38.

Trees and shrubs that drop all of their leaves in fall are :

a)

annual

b)

biennial

c)

decidous

d)

evergreen

39.

As materials such as organic matter and minerals are altered in the soil, the process is called_______.

a)

translocation

b)

transpiration

c)

transformation

d)

relocation

40.

Most productive soils range from:

a)

0- 4.0 pH

b)

4.0- 9.0 pH

c)

7.0-9.0 pH

d)

9.0- 14.0 pH

41.

Which practice will reduce and prevent soil erosion on property?

a)

mechanical tillage

b)

crop rotation

c)

monocropping

d)

traditional tillage

42.

Three functions of a growing medium are:

a)

provide fertilizer, moisture, and oxygen

b)

provide seed cover, support, and light

c)

provide nutrients, support, and oxygen

d)

provide seed cover, nutrients, and moisture

43.

Common components in a soilless mix are:

a)

peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite

b)

sand, silt, and clay

c)

sand, peat moss, and bark

d)

perlite, vermiculite, and miracle grow

44.

A soil that contains equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay is called a___________.

a)

even mix

b)

sandy silt

c)

uniform mix

d)

loam

45.

Soil is classified by amount of :

a)

sand, silt, clay, and loam it contains

b)

where it is found in soil profile

c)

silt, clay, and gravel it contains

d)

sand, silt, clay it contains

46.

Fertilizer containing 15-10-26 contains:

a)

15% Nitrogen, 10% Phosphate, and 26% Potash

b)

15% Phosphate, 10% Nitrogen, and 26% Potash

c)

15% Potash, 10% Phosphate and 26% Nitrogen

d)

none of the above

47.

The method of asexual propagation that involves the growing of small pieces of plant tissues.

a)

propagation culture

b)

plant culture

c)

cell culture

d)

tissue culture

48.

Which of the following is the correct soil layer order?

a)

subsolil, topsoil, parent material, bedrock

b)

parent material, subsoil, topsoil, bedrock

c)

parent material, topsoil, subsoil, bedrock

d)

topsoil, subsoil, parent material, bedrock

49.

Two growth regulators used with tissue culture techniques are:

a)

auxins, cytokinins

b)

auxins, callus

c)

cytokinins, plantlets

d)

callus, cytikniins

50.

The male part of the flower is called the _______.

a)

pistil

b)

ovary

c)

style

d)

stamen

51.

A flower which is missing either male or female parts is called:

a)

complete flower

b)

incomplete flower

c)

perfect flower

d)

imperfect flower

52.

Which of the following defines "endosperm"?

a)

a littel plant that eventually grows and develops into mature plant

b)

fleshy fruit

c)

the food storage tissue in the seed

d)

normal cells containing a double set of chromosomes

53.

Which environmental factor does not play a key role in seed germination?

a)

soil

b)

moisture

c)

air/oxygen

d)

warm temperatures

54.

Which part of the seedling will emerge first from a dicot?

a)

roots

b)

leaves

c)

stem

d)

bloom

55.

Strawberry plants have this type of specialized stem:

a)

rhizome

b)

stolen

c)

tendril

d)

tuber

56.
Horticulture uses a ________ system of nomenclature.
a)
varietital
b)
binomial
c)
Latin
57.
The three primary macronutrients are _________.
a)
N, P & K
b)
C, H & O
c)
Mg, Ca & S
58.
When grafting Apple trees, a _________ is attached to the understock.
a)
stem
b)
twig
c)
scion
d)
rootstock
59.
_________ are two of the limiting factors that affect plant growth.
a)
carbon and oxygen
b)
herbicides and tempertaure
c)
DNA and transpiration
d)
light and water
60.
Our USDA hardiness zone is
a)
4-5
b)
5-6
c)
6-7
61.

The amount of water applied to a veggie garden should be

a)

1"/week

b)

1"/month

c)

10"/month

d)

1/2" / day

62.

_____ are the vascular tissues of a plant

a)

meristem and cambium

b)

epicotyl and hypocotyl

c)

roots and stem

d)

xylem and phloem

63.

_______ is the father of American Horticulture

a)

Millard Fillmore

b)

Chester Burnett

c)

Liberty Hyde Bailey

64.

The root system of a plant act as

a)

balance

b)

an anchor

c)

a photosynthesis site

d)

reproductive organ

65.

The root system of a plant act as

a)

balance

b)

an anchor

c)

a photosynthesis site

d)

reproductive organ

66.

Taxonomy is the study of plant______.

a)

functions

b)

forms

c)

reproduction

d)

names

67.

An opposite leaf arrangement has ______ at each node.

a)

two leaves

b)

palmate leaves

c)

one leaf

d)

three or more leaves

68.

A complete flower has ________.

a)

sepals, petals, stamens

b)

petals, stamens, pistils

c)

sepals, petals, stamens, pistils

d)

petals, stamens, pollen, nectar

69.

A complete flower has ________.

a)

sepals, petals, stamens

b)

petals, stamens, pistils

c)

sepals, petals, stamens, pistils

d)

petals, stamens, pollen, nectar

70.

Light intensity is measured as _______.

a)

wave length

b)

nanometers

c)

color

d)

foot candles

71.

________ is planted primarily to hold top soil in place and prevent erosion

a)

landscape fabric

b)

organic matter

c)

cover crop

d)

vine

72.

A freeze warning is issued when temperatures are expected to drop below _______.

a)

50 °F\degree F

b)

32 °F\degree F

c)

28 °F\degree F

d)

24 °F\degree F

73.

By adding _____ to any soil, you may improve the drainage and water holding capacity

a)

gypsum

b)

organic matter

c)

limestone

d)

inorganic matter

74.

________ is the study of vegetable production

a)

olericulture

b)

pomology

c)

floriculture

d)

taxonomy

75.

Genus + epithet =___________

a)

variety

b)

cultivar

c)

species

d)

subspecies

76.

Short day plants are plants that bloom in response to __________.

a)

phytochrome

b)

UV light

c)

long nights

d)

short nights

77.

_________ is only plant hormone that acts as growth inhibitor

a)

Auxin

b)

Gibberellin

c)

Abscisic Acid

d)

Cytokinin

78.

Transpiration occurs when ________

a)

water is lost from plant as a vapor

b)

roots system expand

c)

carbon dioxide is produced

d)

oxygen is consumed

79.

The ________ is the reproducive organ of a plant

a)

flower

b)

stem

c)

roots

d)

sepal

80.

______ is how plants tell time.

a)

light intensity

b)

light duration

c)

light quality

d)

phototropism

81.

_____ is the high temperature at which most temperate plants stop growing

a)

48 °F\degree F

b)

86 °F\degree F

c)

101 °F\degree F

d)

102 °F\degree F

82.

A_____ is a plant with unique traits and is of garden origin

a)

subspecies

b)

variety

c)

forma

d)

cultivar

83.

Xylem tissues move _______ within the plant.

a)

water

b)

sugar

c)

carbohydrates

d)

chlorophyll

84.

__________ compete with desirable plants for light, water, and nutrients

a)

weeds

b)

green manures

c)

Japenese Beetles

d)

cover criops

85.

organic matter can be added to a soil to __________

a)

decrease water holding capactiy

b)

improve the aeration

c)

add zinc

d)

make it lighter in color

86.

Two common components of soilless medium are _____________

a)

topsoil and sand

b)

rockwool and limestone

c)

peat moss and perlite

d)

topsoil and pea gravel

87.

_________ avoid run-off by allowing water to seep back into the soil.

a)

permeable paving products help

b)

concrete can

c)

weed barriers

d)

inorganic mulches

88.

The understock used to graft apple trees will ________.

a)

make fruit sweeter

b)

control the ultimate size of tree

c)

improve disease resistance

89.

Sand, silt, and clay are _____________.

a)

types of organic matter

b)

types of humus

c)

the mineral faction of soil

d)

the organic faction of soil

90.

________ is adequate for most garden plants.

a)

one inch of water per week

b)

two inches of water per month

c)

two inches of water per week

d)

one half inch of water every 4 days

91.

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium are ____________.

a)

primary macronutrients

b)

secondary macronutrients

c)

micronutrients

d)

toxic to most types of fish

92.

At 86 °\degree  F  most temperate plants _______________.

a)

begin to bloom

b)

stop growing

c)

start going dormant

d)

stop flowering

93.

______ is/are one benefit of composting

a)

pleasant aroms

b)

worm castings

c)

organic matter

d)

inorganic matter

94.

Linneaus created ___________.

a)

methods of micropropagation

b)

binomial system of nomenclature

c)

Mendelian genetics

d)

gene splicings

95.

The USDA Heat Zone map indicates the ____________

a)

average number of days above 86 °F\degree F

b)

number of days above 50 °F\degree F

c)

maximum high temperature

d)

number of growing says

96.

A temperature of _____ °F\degree F  will trigger a "Freeze Warning"

a)

32

b)

30

c)

2

d)

24

97.

__________ can accumulate in well insulated buildings

a)

Volatile Organic Compounds

b)

Oxygen

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

De-icing Salts

98.

A ______ is a greenhouse used to display plant collections

a)

research greenhouse

b)

geodisc dome

c)

conservatory

d)

retail greenhouse

99.

The initial interview with a potential client is known as ________.

a)

an appointment

b)

needs determination

c)

negotiation

d)

the interview

100.

Pollarding is a type of _____.

a)

exotic tree

b)

organic fertilizer

c)

specialized pruning

d)

insect control

101.

________ would be considered an abiotic or physiological disease

a)

rust

b)

chlorosis

c)

Japanese Beetle

d)

No Fall Color

102.

The top part of graft is known as the _________________

a)

scion

b)

stock

c)

interstock

d)

dwarfing stock

103.

By definition a plant hormone must be _______.

a)

translocated

b)

used in large amounts

c)

phytotoxic

d)

in a gas form

104.

A _____________ is a plant with unique traits different from the species that is of garden origin

a)

subclass

b)

cultivar

c)

witches broom

d)

chimera

105.

________ is type of asexual propagation

a)

grafting

b)

seeding

c)

stratifiying

d)

scarification

106.

In Wisconsin ________ grasses are usually used for lawns and athletic fields.

a)

short season

b)

late season

c)

warm season

d)

cool season

107.

In Wisconsin ________ grasses are usually used for lawns and athletic fields.

a)

short season

b)

late season

c)

warm season

d)

cool season

108.

Existing weeds can be controlled by

a)

pre-emergent herbicides

b)

post-emergent herbicides

c)

using chicken manure

d)

using copper drenches

109.

_______ is an example of plant hormone

a)

nitrogen

b)

carbon

c)

auxin

d)

pheromone

110.

A_____ involves using materials such as pavers or concrete.

a)

bubble diagram

b)

hardscape

c)

softscape

d)

functional diagram

111.

Plant materials should be selected for the landscape primarily for their ________

a)

price

b)

fragrance

c)

size

d)

function

112.

________ are two of the limiting factors that will affect a plants rate of growth

a)

air and water

b)

concentration of PGR's

c)

root and shoot system

d)

water and the amount of clay

113.

Woody plants ________ should be checked for girdling roots before planting

a)

grown as standards

b)

grown in containers

c)

with damaged stems

d)

with ornamental bark

114.

A site inventory will ______ of a particular site.

a)

help determine budget

b)

plan the sequence of events for construction

c)

recommend grade changes

d)

identify all existing features

115.

_________ is known as the father of Genetics

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Gregor Mendel

c)

McKinley Morganfield

d)

Chester Burnett

116.

The ______ of a landscape can be modified by planting a wind break

a)

climate

b)

drainage

c)

hardscape

d)

site analysis

117.

The incidence of plant disease can be reduced by _________

a)

creating comprehensive insecticide spray program

b)

using manures and compost for soil improvement

c)

using disease resistant cultivars

d)

excluding virus-infected plant materials

118.

Light intensity is measured in _______.

a)

time

b)

foot candles

c)

color spectrum

d)

day length

119.

An opposite leaf arrangement will have ___________.

a)

one leaf at each node

b)

two leaves at each node

c)

three leaves at each node

d)

four or more leaves at each node

120.

Organic fertilizers release their nutrients to a plant _________

a)

very quickly

b)

very slowly

c)

as salts

d)

only after composting

121.

A bed planting would be an example of ______.

a)

hardscape

b)

softscape

c)

seasonal interest

d)

rain garden

122.

Botanically speaking, a tomato is a ________.

a)

red

b)

fruit

c)

vegetable

d)

ornamental

123.

Botanically speaking, a tomato is a ________.

a)

red

b)

fruit

c)

vegetable

d)

ornamental

124.

A clone is a ______________

a)

heterozygous

b)

reproduced by vegetative methods

c)

usually grown by seed

d)

dwarfing understock

125.

The use of native plant materials _______.

a)

guarantees success in landscape

b)

cuts down on amount of maintenance inputs

c)

results in unkempt landscape

d)

provides over-wintering habitat for disease

126.

According to Extension Service, a lawn in Wisconsin needs ____________.

a)

a lot of water

b)

1 lb. of Phosphorus per 1,000 sq ft per year

c)

2 lbs of Nitrogen per 1,000 sq ft per year

d)

4 lbs of Nitrogen per 1,000 sq ft per year

127.

Propagating plants by ________ will always be the least expensive option.

a)

seed

b)

cutting

c)

grafting

d)

micropropagation

128.

There are _______ limiting factors to plant growth

a)

4

b)

6

c)

8

d)

10

129.

The disease triangle consists of a susceptible host, environment and __________.

a)

pathogen

b)

damp soil

c)

insects

d)

carcinogen

130.

_______ helps contribute to multiple seasons of interest in the landscape

a)

girdled roots

b)

fastigate form will

c)

Ornamental bark can

d)

Mulch volcanoes will

131.

______- is the movement of water through a plant

a)

Evaporation

b)

Transpiration

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Respiation

132.

Early greenhouses were used for ________/

a)

food production

b)

seasonal plant displays

c)

livestock

d)

aquaponics

133.

________ is the most common turf grass in Wisconsin

a)

Vermont Bluegrass

b)

Moorgrass

c)

Kentucky Bluegrass

d)

Switchgrass

134.

The USDA Hardiness Zone rating indicates :

a)

possible low winter termperatures

b)

coldest recorded temperatures

c)

hottest recorded temperatures

d)

length of growing season

135.

Plants with thorns can:

a)

be used to direct foot traffic

b)

be planted on play grounds

c)

be fun to prune

d)

be pretty at times

136.

Green manure crops are _____.

a)

foul smelling

b)

good for earthworms

c)

bad for earthworms

d)

tilled under while in active growth

137.

The flower is the________.

a)

least effective part of plant

b)

top part of a graft

c)

reproductive part of plant

d)

usually only visible in spring

138.

Most _______ are annual plants.

a)

fruits

b)

vegetables

c)

bulbs

d)

vines

139.

To determine depth of planting for a tree, you need to ________.

a)

know diameter of root ball

b)

estimate mature height

c)

find the root flare

d)

check for girdling roots

140.

The reproduction of plants can be protected by the use of patents and _____.

a)

prices

b)

trademarks

c)

breeding

d)

marketing

141.

Newly planted trees should be staked using ________ stakes.

a)

one

b)

two

c)

three

d)

four

142.

A pre-emergent herbicide will

a)

stain your clothes

b)

control weed seeds

c)

control existing weeds

d)

require applicators license

143.

Newly seeded lawns should be ________.

a)

mulched

b)

compacted

c)

protected from from frost

d)

watered with soft water

144.

Day length is how most plants _____/

a)

put on new growth

b)

tell time

c)

begin respiration

d)

secrete auxins

145.

_____ are used in landscape for the color they provide.

a)

Annual plants

b)

Christmas lights

c)

Birch trees

d)

Dwarf plants

146.

Herbaceous perennial plants can have an impact on landscape ________.

a)

as soon as they are installed

b)

only if they are staked

c)

even when they are out of bloom

d)

only if they are healthy

147.

Genus + epithet =

a)

variety

b)

cultivar

c)

species

d)

family

148.

The use of ground covers on bare soil can _____________

a)

minimize soil eroison

b)

increase the amount of maintenance needed

c)

create very high energy bills

d)

require frequent irrigation

149.

Short day plants bloom is response to

a)

long days

b)

cool days

c)

long nights

d)

short nights

150.

A (n) _________ arrangement has one leaf at each node

a)

alternate

b)

opposite

c)

whorled

d)

compound

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