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AP Psych Test Review May 2020

Total questions: 143

Worksheet time: 2hrs 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
This research method is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
2.
This research method is a technique for ascertaining the self – reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
3.
This research method is a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
4.
This is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
5.

What is replication?

a)

cloning the scientist who first did an experiment

b)

doing an experiment for the first time

c)

doing an experiment again and getting different results

d)

Doing an experiment again and getting the same results

6.

This is an example of what?

a)

Negative Correlation

b)

Positive Correlation

c)

Negative skew

d)

Positive skew

7.

The middle score in a distribution, half scores are above it and half are below it, is known as what?

a)

Standard deviation

b)

Mean

c)

Mode

d)

Median

8.

Dr. Lee is interested in the effect of lighting on people's ability to concentrate. Dr. Lee studies this by manipulating the amount of lighting while participants read and then measuring their scores on a reading comprehension test. Which of the following research methods is Dr. Lee using?

a)

Case study

b)

Survey

c)

Correlational study

d)

Experiment

e)

Simulation

9.

Researchers find that there is a significant, positive correlation between the number of hours students sleep and their grades. The researchers would be justified in concluding that...

a)

Earning good grades causes people to sleep more

b)

Sleeping more causes students to perform better in school

c)

Students who earn good grades tend to sleep more than those who do not

d)

More sleep has a beneficial impact on school performance

10.

A teacher finds the distribution of scores on a final exam to be positively skewed with low variability. On the basis of this information, the teacher would be most justified in concluding that...

a)

A small number of students in the class did poorly on the exam

b)

The students in her class have a very wide range of intellectual abilities

c)

The exam was too difficult

d)

The exam is not a reliable assessment tool

e)

Most of her students are of above average ability

11.

Which procedure can reduce problems associated with the use of deception by a researcher?

a)

Debriefing

b)

Random sampling

c)

Random assignment

d)

Using only single-blind studies

e)

Using only double-blind studies

12.
What is a double blind procedure?
a)
Participants don't know which group they're in
b)
Researchers don't know which group the participants are in
c)
Neither participants nor researcher knows who is in which group
d)
Both researcher and participants know who is in each group
13.
The tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that one would have foreseen it
a)
Intuition
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Perceiving order in random events
14.
When people have the tendency to think they know more than they do
a)
Intuition
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Perceiving order in random events
15.
What is a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study?
a)
Hypothesis
b)
Theory
c)
Operational definition
d)
Case study
16.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a case study?
a)
takes too long
b)
not specific enough
c)
may not be a reliable representation of everyone - only that individual
d)
They may not be honest
17.
It is commonly believed that going outside when the weather is cold and rainy, you will get a cold. This is not true. This is an example of a(n) __.
a)
Illusory correlation
b)
placebo effect
c)
random assignment
d)
experiment
18.
What is cognitive psychology?
a)
Perceive, process and remember information through scientific processes
b)
Focus on biological structures and process
c)
Focus on the conscious experiences and choices in our lives
d)
How the natural selection of traits prompted survival of genes
19.
The science of behavior and mental processes is ________
a)
Cognitive neuroscience
b)
behaviorism
c)
psychology
d)
structuralism
20.
What is the meaning of replicate?
a)
A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures
b)
A testable prediction
c)
A self-correcting process for evaluating ideas with observations and predicts behaviors or events
d)
A recreating of the study with other participants in different situations to prove the feelings to be reliable
21.
What do personality psychologists "investigate"?
a)
How we view and effect one another
b)
How we percieve, think, and solve problems
c)
How we view and affect one another
d)
Our persistant traits
22.

Involves studying different age groups at the same time to see changes that occur over the lifespan.

a)

Cross-sectional method

b)

Longitudinal method

c)

Survey

d)

Naturalistic observation

23.

Which of the following is NOT an ethical guideline for experimentation established by the APA?

a)

Participation must be voluntary and subjects can stop participating at any time

b)

Personal information must be kept confidential

c)

The subject must be informed of potential risks

d)

Animals should be used in experimentation instead of humans when possible

24.

Hypothesis: the louder a classroom environment is, the lower test scores will be. What is the independent variable?

a)

Test scores

b)

Level of noise in the classroom

c)

Type of class

d)

Seating arrangement in the classroom

25.

Which comes first in an experiment?

a)

Creating a hypothesis

b)

Collecting data

c)

Analyzing data

d)

Dividing subjects into groups

26.

An extra, unexpected variable that can lead to false conclusions.

a)

Confounding

b)

Independent

c)

Dependent

d)

Neutral

27.

A sample that represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion is known as

a)

Random sample

b)

Random assignment

c)

Random variable

d)

Random blind study

28.

If the findings of the research showed that the difference between the experimental and control group was relatively large, it would be said that it is

a)

randomized

b)

had confounding variables

c)

statistically significant

d)

had a standard deviation

29.

In an experiment, the group with independent variable is known as what?

a)

Single blind Group

b)

Control Group

c)

Experimental Group

d)

The effect

30.

Repeating a research study, using different participants to see if findings extended to other people and situations is known as what

a)

Random assignment

b)

Operational definition

c)

Replication

d)

Control group

31.
The best way to assure that there is no bias in a study is to have a...
a)
Control group
b)
Random assignment
c)
Confounding variable
d)
Double-blind procedure
32.
Which of the following is not related to forgetting?
a)
Retroactive interference
b)
Repression
c)
Decay
d)
Long term potentiation
33.
Julie appeared not to be surprised when the couple broke up.  “I could have predicted that,” she said.  Julie is demonstrating:
a)
ESP
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
•overestimation the extent to which others share her opinion.
d)
correlation proves causation
34.
Melanie is addicted to her cell phone.  She can't sleep at night because she keeps checking all her social media apps and even wakes up in the middle of the night to check it.  What neurotransmitter would be the main reason for Melanie's addiction? 
a)
serotonin 
b)
GABA
c)
dopamine
d)
Glutamate 
35.
Lisa a stay-at-home mom has had four plastic surgeries in one year.  During each recovery period, she has been taking codeine as prescribed by her doctor.  Every time she goes off it the pain comes back and she can't function, so she gets another prescription.  Lisa now finds herself faking illness and pain to just get another prescription because she can't handle any pain or anxiety without wanting more codeine.   Lisa appears to be addicted to codeine, which is an opiate.  What do opiates trigger the brain to stop making on their own? 
a)
norepinephrine
b)
endorphins
c)
hormones
d)
epinephrine 
36.
Random sampling is to ________ as random assignment is to ________.
a)
surveys; experiments
b)
illusory correlation; control group
c)
description; prediction
d)
replication; correlation
37.
Which of the following is most important when conducting survey research?
a)
Choosing a representative sample
b)
Choosing a large sample
c)
Choosing a biased sample
d)
Choosing a sample whoes answers will likely support your hypothesis
38.
The part of the brain most closely associated with maintaining balance and the coordination of complex sequences of movements is the 
a)
hypothalamus
b)
cerebellum
c)
medulla
d)
pons
39.
Which organ of the brain processes the emotions of fear and anger?
a)
Thalamus
b)
pons
c)
medulla oblongata
d)
amygdala
40.
What is the function of the hippocampus with in the brain?
a)
The organization of emotional events
b)
To store long term memorie and regulate short term memories
c)
to regulate fear and anger
d)
the process of connecting the left and right hemispheres
41.
In a normal curve, about _____% of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean. 
a)
50%
b)
68%
c)
95%
d)
99%
42.
___ is when one's attitudes don't match his/her feelings.
a)
Obedience to Authority
b)
Cognitive Dissonance 
c)
Conformity
d)
Social Influence
43.
Diamond went swimming with friends who did not want to get into the water because it was cold. Diamond jumped in and after a few minutes declared it was cold when she first got in but then her body got used to it.Diamond's body got accustomed to the water due to....
a)
perceptual set
b)
absolute threshold
c)
selective attention
d)
sensory adaptation
44.
Parents say, “I’m taking away your phone because you failed Chemistry.”  Parents are using           
a)
positive punishment
b)
negative punishment
c)
positive reinforcement
d)
classical conditioning
45.
You could receive a text message at any random time.  You are reinforced on a ______schedule of reinforcement
a)
fixed ratio
b)
variable ratio
c)
variable interval
d)
fixed interval
46.
Drugs that calm neural activity and slow body functions...
a)
Depressants
b)
Stimulants
c)
Hallucinogens
d)
Hypnosis
47.
This connects our two brain hemispheres
a)
corpus callosum
b)
cerebellum
c)
medulla
d)
thalamus
48.
Shaping is a(n) ________ technique for ______ a behavior.
a)
operant; establishing
b)
operant; supressing
c)
respondent; establishing
d)
respondent; supressing
49.
A moderate positive correlation has been found between a person's weight and hours of television watched per week. Which of the following scatterplots best shows this relationship?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
50.
People who score high in ____ are characterized as anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure, and vulnerable.
a)
neuroticism
b)
extraversion
c)
conscientiousness
d)
openness to experience
51.
Jose is one of the top baseball players in his league, but last week, he struck out on an easy pitch. When this happened, he smashed the water cooler in the dugout with his bat. According to Freud, Jose may be using the defense mechanism of
a)
projection
b)
reaction formation
c)
regression
d)
displacement
52.
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus such as a picture or an inkblot is called a
a)
self report personality inventory
b)
projective test
c)
behavior rating
d)
deceptive test
53.

The Five Factor (Big Five) personality test is considered a(n)

a)

projective test

b)

interview

c)

personality inventory

d)

case study

54.
According to Piaget, during the formal operational stage people begin to:
a)
reason abstractly
b)
adhere to social norms
c)
distinguish between good and bad behaviors
d)
become aware of the positive and negative consequences of their own behaviors
55.
The part of the brain that controls life-sustaining functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing, is the:
a)
cerebral cortex.
b)
cerebellum.
c)
medulla.
d)
hippocampus.
56.
The "master gland" that controls or influences all of the other endocrine glands is the:
a)
adrenal gland.
b)
pituitary gland.
c)
thyroid gland.
d)
pineal gland.
57.
The venom of a black widow spider is an example of a(n) __________, which mimics or enhances the effects of neurotransmitters.
a)
beta blocker
b)
antagonist
c)
endorphin
d)
agonist
58.
Xzasia has been suffering from severe bouts of depression for the past several years. Her doctor suggests that some medications designed to impact a specific neurotransmitter might be helpful for her. Which neurotransmitter would be the most likely target of this medication?
a)
GABA
b)
Dopamine
c)
Serotonin
d)
Acetylcholine
59.
Young Keith was in a very bad accident, where specific parts of his brain were damaged. His neurologists noted that over the course of the next several months, other parts of his brain began to compensate for these deficits, and he was not as impaired as they had expected. Keith’s case demonstrates the concept of _______________.
a)
neuroadaptivity
b)
neuroplasticity
c)
neurogenesis
d)
pruning
60.
The ______ lobes are responsible for higher mental processes such as decision making.
a)
parietal
b)
frontal
c)
temporal
d)
occipital
61.
Neurons that carry messages from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body are the 
a)
afferent neurons
b)
efferent neurons
c)
interneurons
d)
sensory neurons
62.
The left hemisphere of the brain specializes in which of the following?
a)
visual-spatial perception
b)
language
c)
emotional thought and recognition
d)
pattern recognition
63.
When a person is hurt, ________ is/are released.
a)
hormones
b)
endorphins
c)
antagonists
d)
dopamine
64.
Cassie's mother suffered a stroke. Since then, she sometimes says strange things, such as, "I need to go to the store to buy some canaries," when she means to say that she needs groceries. Cassie's mother seems to be suffering from:
a)
nonspecific aphasia.
b)
language degenerative disease.
c)
Broca’s aphasia.
d)
Wernicke’s aphasia.
65.
When looking at a flying bird, we are consciously aware of our cognitive processing (“It's a bird!”) but not of our subconscious processing of the bird's form, color, distance, and movement. This illustrates what psychologists call
a)
brain plasticity.
b)
selective attention.
c)
serial processing.
d)
dual processing.
66.
Reward centers trigger the release of what neurotransmitter?
a)
Acetycholine
b)
Serotonin
c)
Dopamine
d)
Norepinephrine
67.
inside of the neuron is negatively charged relative to the outside of membrane
a)
polarization
b)
depolarization
68.
chemical messager, released into the bloodstream, slow but long lasting
a)
neurotransmitter
b)
hormones
69.

Which part of the cerebral cortex directs the muscle movements involved in producing speech?

a)

amygdala

b)

angular gyrus

c)

Broca's area

d)

reticular formation

70.

What parts make up the central nervous system (CNS)?

a)

brain

b)

brain and spinal cord

c)

spine

d)

skull

71.

A drug that enhances the effect of a neurotransmitter by mimicking its effects or by preventing its breakdown in the synapse is referred to as what?

a)

an antagonist

b)

an excitatory postsynaptic potential

c)

an agonist

d)

a transducer

72.
Which of the following processes is likely to result in the best memory for words?
a)
visual encoding
b)
acoustic encoding
c)
rote memorization
d)
semantic encoding
73.
According to the serial position effect, you will remember more: 
a)
items at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle.
b)
nitems in the middle of a list, than at the beginning and end.
c)
vocabulary words if you process them visually.
d)
nvocabulary words if you process them acoustically.
74.
Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the: 
a)
amygdala.
b)
hypothalamus.
c)
sensory cortex.
d)
motor cortex.
75.
After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Adam cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. Adam's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates:
a)
repression.
b)
retroactive interference.
c)
encoding failure.
d)
source amnesia.
76.

Kevin seems to be able to communicate, but isn't following the rules of language, which are known as _____

a)

semantics

b)

morphemes

c)

phonemes

d)

syntax

77.

An algorithm is best described as

a)

a step-by-step problem-solving model.

b)

trial and error.

c)

the best example of its type.

d)

all of the words in a language.

78.

Which is an example of an availability heuristic?

a)

Being more worried about a car accident after seeing a terrible one.

b)

Negotiating a salary to your advantage by revealing your desired pay first.

c)

Assembling IKEA furniture using the step-by-step instructions.

d)

Trial and error

79.

Retrieval

a)

is the final stage of memory, after encoding and storage; it involves the process of recovering or locating information stored.

b)

is a mental shortcut that helps us make decisions.

c)

is a problem-solving technique that has 87% accuracy.

d)

is the stage where memories are "saved" to storage to allow for recovery later.

80.

Convergent thinking

a)

is when an individual uses linear, logical steps to analyze a number of already formulated solutions to a problem to determine which is correct or most likely to be successful.

b)

is creative thinking in which an individual solves a problem or reaches a decision using strategies that deviate from commonly used or previously taught strategies.

c)

is a process by which an individual tries various solutions until he/she arrives at one which is successful.

d)

is when an individual weighs his/her options and determines which one is the least likely to fail.

81.

Divergent thinking

a)

involves using all the resources available to you to set up working models that test theories before trying them out.

b)

is the clear and often sudden discernment of a solution to a problem by means that are not obvious and may never become so, even after one has tried hard to work out how one has arrived at the solution.

c)

is a type of creative thinking in which an individual solves a problem or reaches a decision using strategies that deviate from commonly used or previously taught strategies.

d)

is a type of critical thinking in which an individual uses linear, logical steps to analyze a number of already formulated solutions to a problem to determine the correct one or the one that is most likely to be successful.

82.
The representativeness heuristic can produce faulty estimates if:
a)
We generalize our views to other, nonrepresentativeness heuristics
b)
 The representativeness  algorithm does not match the representativeness heuristic
c)
 Possible variations in the prototype are considered
d)
 We fail to consider the approximate number of prototypes that actually exist
83.
A common problem in everyday reasoning is our tendency to:
a)
Accept as logical those conclusions that agree with our own opinions
b)
Accept as logical those conclusions that disagree with our own opinions
c)
Underestimate the accuracy of our knowledge
d)
Accept as logical those conclusions that involve unfamiliar concepts
84.
During a televised political debate, the Republican and Democratic candidates each argued that the results of a recent public opinion poll supported their party’s platform regarding sexual harassment. Because both candidates saw the information as supporting their belief, it is clear that both were victims of:
a)
Functional fixedness
b)
Mental set
c)
Belief bias
d)
Confirmation bias
85.

This is referred to as the conceptual framework used to make sense of the world

a)

Schema

b)

Conservation

c)

Assimilation

d)

Evolution

86.

Which development theory did Erik Erikson coin?

a)

Moral

b)

Social

c)

Environmental

d)

Physical

87.

Lawrence Kohlberg is a ______________ psychologist who created the ____________ development theory.

a)

child; cognitive

b)

cognitive; moral

c)

bad; good

d)

clinical; social

88.
During the preoperational stage...
a)
children begin to use logic
b)
focuses on motor skills
c)
the adolescent gains ability to formulate complicated verbal arguments
d)
intense language learning takes place
89.
If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n):
a)
FAS
b)
form of DNA
c)
depressant
d)
teratogen
90.
Piaget's term for a framework of basic ideas about people, objects, and events based on past experience; building blocks of knowledge
a)
Accommodation
b)
Assimilation
c)
Schema
91.
Charles has an anger problem, so he joins athletics so he can have a positive outlet for his anger.
a)
regression
b)
sublimation
c)
rationalization
d)
compensation
92.

Not stealing a candybar because it is morally wrong is a product of the?

a)

Ide

b)

Supergo

c)

Ego

d)

Subconscience

93.
Spearman argued that intelligence could be boiled down to one ability known as
a)
Spatial Intelligence
b)
Introverted Intelligence
c)
General Intelligence
d)
Extroverted Intelligence
94.
Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence for the idea that intelligence is highly heritable?
a)
The IQ scores of parents are positively correlated with the scores of their children
b)
Monozygotic twins separated at birth have extremely similar IQ scores
c)
Dizgotic twins score more similarly on IQ tests than do other sibilings
d)
Different ethnic groups have different average IQ scores
95.
Validity means that 
a)
a test measures what it is supposed to measure
b)
that a test has been tested on many subjects
c)
a test measures both aptitude and acheivement
d)
scores are the same no matter who grades the test
96.
The fact that identical twins' IQ scores are so close together (highly correlated) even when they are raised apart suggests
a)
intelligence is strongly genetic
b)
intelligence has a strong environmental component
c)
Identical twins attend better schools than fraternal twins
d)
Adopted parents have a positive effect on intelligence.
97.

Theory that would explain why people are motivated to watch horror movies?

a)

instinct theory

b)

drive-reduction theory

c)

hierarchy of needs theory

d)

arousal theory

98.

The concept of a set point best illustrates an explanation of motivation in terms of

a)

instincts

b)

incentives

c)

homeostasis

d)

a response cycle

99.

When sleep deprived, your levels of leptin _______ and the levels of ghrelin ________.

a)

rise; rise

b)

stay the same; fall

c)

rise; fall

d)

fall; rise

100.

Rapid fear reactions in without conscious thoughts due to bypassing the

a)

amygdala

b)

prefrontal cortex

c)

hypothalamus

d)

thalamus

101.
The experience of feelings such as fear, joy, surprise and anger.
a)
Drive
b)
Motivation
c)
Emotion
d)
Interaction
102.
A specific need or desire that arouses the organism and directs its behavior toward a goal.
a)
Motivation
b)
Emotion
c)
Drive
d)
Cause
103.

Emotions are a mix of consciously experienced thoughts expressive behaviors, and physiological arousal. Which theory emphasized the importance of the consciously experienced thoughts?

a)

A. Facial feedback theory

b)

B. James-Lange theory

c)

C. Arousal and performance theory

d)

D.Fight or flight theory

e)

E.Schachter-Stinger two factor theory

104.

What describes our tendency to help others when we are in a good mood?

a)

A.Relative deprivation

b)

B.Tend and befriend response

c)

C.Feel-Good Do-Good phenomenon

d)

D.Fight or flight response

e)

E.General adaptation syndrome

105.

An irritated person interacts with someone who is happy, causing him or her to become happy as well. This exemplifies

a)

A.The spillover effect

b)

B.The James-Lange theory

c)

C.The two factor theory

d)

D.The Cannon Bard theory

e)

E.Arousal and performance

106.

A parent's statement to their child, "We want you to get A's like the neighbor's son" will lead to _______.

a)

compliance

b)

intrinsic motivation

c)

extrinsic motivation

d)

obedience

107.
Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as:
a)
a desire to perform behavior in return for rewards.
b)
a rigidly patterned behavior characteristic of an entire species.
c)
an aroused or activated state that is often triggered by a physiological need.
d)
the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state.
108.
Maslow described the process of reaching Self-Actualization using a model called the...
a)
Triangle of Death
b)
Triangle of Needs
c)
Hierarchy of Needs
d)
Drive Reduction
109.
Hunger controls are located within the brain's:
a)
hypothalamus.
b)
medulla.
c)
temporal lobe.
d)
amygdala.
110.
Foolish conformity to peer pressure is most likely to be motivated by ________ needs.
a)
safety
b)
belongingness
c)
achievement
d)
self-actualization
111.
A stressor is... 
a)
a state of physiological and psychological arousal. 
b)
Any person, object, situation or event that produces stress.
c)
a psychological factor that always originates from the individual 
d)
an external factor that originates from the environment 
112.
Eustress comes with a negative psychological state, while distress comes with a positive psychological state. 
a)
True 
b)
False
113.

What is the name of the three stages of stress according to Hans Selye?

a)

Fight, flight or conquer

b)

General adaption syndrome

c)

Approach avoidance debate

d)

Stress Stages

114.

What is the body's natural defense against infection?

a)

Defense System

b)

Immune System

c)

Disease-Prevention Mechanism

d)

Stress-Coping procedure

115.
Which type of coping mechanism involves a person handling the emotions brought on by the stressor, rather than the stressor itself?
a)
Stress Focus
b)
Problem Focus
c)
Emotional Focus
d)
Personal Focus
116.
Which of the following is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience? 
a)
acquisition
b)
stimulus
c)
learning
d)
habituation
117.
In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus
a)
naturally triggers a response. 
b)
is a naturally occurring response. 
c)
is initially irrelevant, and then comes to trigger a response. 
d)
objectively studies psychology
118.

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

a)

Salivating at the sight of a lemon

b)

Raising your hand to ask a question

c)

Jerking your hand off a very hot stove

d)

Walking into a restaurant to eat

e)

Working for money

119.

Automobile advertisements, especially those for sports cars, often feature young, beautiful women. Smart advertisers know and research confirms that men rate new cars whose ads include an attractive female as faster, more appealing, better designed, and more desirable than cars with similar ads that do not include an attractive female. What is the unconditioned response?

a)

The car

b)

The advertisement

c)

The attractive women

d)

Desire to buy the car

e)

Finding the woman attractive

120.

Professor Randolph is conducting research on the impact of chewing gum on weight loss. She randomly places her 200 participants into either the group that gets sugar-free chewing gum or the group that gets regular chewing gum. After two weeks, she measures how much weight each of the participants had lost.


Professor Randolph wants to clarify the operational definition of the dependent variable. For the study described above, the operational definition of the dependent variable is

a)

the amount of regular gum eaten

b)

the amount of sugar free gum eaten

c)

pounds of weight lost

d)

two weeks

e)

amount of gum distributed in the study

121.

Which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological traits?

a)

biopsychosocial

b)

cognitive

c)

humanistic

d)

social-cultural

e)

pyschodynamic

122.
The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how
a)
people try to understand their own unconscious motives.
b)
feelings are influenced by blood chemistry.
c)
people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
d)
how behaviors and thinking vary across cultures.
123.
A correlation coefficient of 0.8 is a _______________ and suggests that as one variable ____________, the other variable ______________.
a)
strong positive | increases | increases
b)
weak positive | increases | increases
c)
strong positive | increases | decreases
d)
weak positive | increases | decreases
124.
Which answer lists two measures of the spread of data around the mean?
a)
mode and median
b)
standard deviation and range
c)
inferential statistics and descriptive statistics
d)
scattergrams and boxplots
125.
The condition that exists when the probability that the findings are not due to chance
a)
statistical significance
b)
experimenter bias
c)
confounding variables
126.
Drive Reduction Theory relies on the idea that humans desire to exist in a state of __________________.
a)
Homeostasis
b)
Peace
c)
Tension
d)
Change
127.
Having to earn 3 gold stars in order to get an item from the class treasure chest is an example of a _______________ schedule of reinforcement.
a)
fixed ratio
b)
variable ratio
c)
fixed interval
d)
variable interval
128.
You work at Men’s Warehouse. They pay you a $25 commission on each men’s suit you sell. You would be paid (reinforced) on a …
a)
fixed ratio
b)
variable ratio
c)
fixed interval
d)
variable interval
129.
Slot machines are an example of ____ schedule of reinforcement. (You don't know how many attempts it will take)
a)
fixed ratio
b)
variable ratio
c)
fixed interval
d)
variable interval
130.
Your allowance for doing your chores at home is an example of
a)
positive reinforcement
b)
negative reinforcement
c)
aversive control
131.
Your mom yells at your when you come home smelling like a juul/vape/smoke
a)
positive reinforcement
b)
negative reinforcement
c)
positive punishment
d)
negative punishment 
132.

What kind of reinforcement is money and grades?

a)

secondary reinforcer

b)

primary reinforcer

c)

negative reinforcer

d)

positive punishment

133.

The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the...

a)

basilar membrane

b)

spinal cord

c)

semicircular canal

d)

olfactory bulbs

e)

fovea

134.

The process by which your ears convert sound waves to neural impulses is called...

a)

sensory adaptation

b)

accommodation

c)

parallel processing

d)

sensory introduction

e)

Transduction

135.
each time a study is repeated, the results are consistent.
a)
validity
b)
reliability
c)
sample
136.
The best way to assure the post-treatment differences found between the experimental and control groups is due to the treatment is by
a)

random assignment
b)

training your subjects well
c)

letting your subjects know which group they are in
d)

using a placebo
137.

Hormone secreted by empty stomach; sends “I’m hungry” signals to the brain

a)

Ghrelin

b)

Insulin

c)

Glucose

d)

Orexin

138.
the process of getting information out of memory storage
a)
retrieval
b)
working memory
c)
relearning
139.
Sally got a virus that took away her ability to remember events before the virus. She has
a)
retrograde amnesia
b)
anterograde amnesia
c)
flashbulb memory
d)
state-dependent memory
140.

What sense helps maintain balance?

a)

Vestibular

b)

Kinesthetic

c)

Proprioception

d)

Audition

e)

Olfaction

141.

The specialized cells in each of the sense organs that collect information to send to the brain are called...

a)

sensory cells

b)

sensory nuerons

c)

bipolar cells

d)

ganglion cells

e)

sensory receptors

142.
The Young-Helmholtz Theory proposes that:
a)
There are three different types of color-sensitive cones
b)
Retinal cells are excited by one color and inhibited by its complementary color
c)
There are four different types of cones
d)
Rod, not cone, vision accounts for our ability to detect fine visual detail 
143.
Kinesthesis involves:
a)
The bones of the middle ear
b)
Information from muscles, tendons and joints
c)
Membranes within the cochlea
d)
The body’s sense of balance

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