The temples in Cusco were built to worship the god of _______

Inca Empire was the largest empire in ____ - Columbia America.

The capital city of the Inca Empire was _______

The Inca Empire expanded in the ________ mountains. There are broad valleys carved by rivers and streams, many great rivers including the largest one in South America--______ River starts in these mountains.

By 1200s, Incas carved ________ out of the steep side of mountains to get field for growing crops.

For the tropical rainforest, Incas use _____________ technology to farm land.

Incas develop the _______ Farming : they raise animals including _______ on the top of the mountains, grow food including ______ & _____ at the slop and bottom of the mountain.

Incas have great achievement in architecture: they were skilled at ______ (working with stone). They precisely cut blocks of stone without iron tools, to fit them together perfectly.

Incas are ______ theistic: they worshiped many gods including gods of _________, ________ & animals.

Incas have no _________ () language. Official storytellers passed Inca history _____ly.

Incas use Quipus to record numbers for crop/harvest, ______, ______.

The Inca emperor/king is not the leader of ______ , ______ & ______ of the Inca Empire.

Across the world, kings/emperors claim the royal family’s _____ to rule & _____ to conquer derived from their holy ancestor. → ______ right of kings.

The Incas believe that their kings never die, so the bodies are preserved as ______

The Inca developed in near isolation, missing many things vital in ___ World, e.g. no ____, no pulling animals (cow, horse), no steel & iron tools

Incas have domesticated/tamed animals___________ they are suitable to live on top of mountains.

Which agriculture product was not cultivated by Incas ?

Inca Empire is a _______( like USA ) with provincial governors managing ____ suyus (state/province).

Aztec is _______ like European Union, while Han & Roman Empire is _______ like China today.

For expansion & consolidation, Incas used both military conquest & peaceful ________

There was no currency and _____ in Inca Empire, so people barter to get goods.

Production, storage & distribution of goods were controlled by the _______ government.

For tax, Incas did not pay in money but Mitas which means they pay tax by ______. Mita jobs were farming, making cloth, building roads & bridges.

As there is no navigable ____rivers, wheeled vehicles, draft animals, ____long distance transportation in Inca is impossible, so they built _______every 12 km to respond to the challenging condition.

The priest in Pizarro’s team read the Requerimiento to the Inca Sapa, informing the locals of Spain’s right to conquer the lands in the name of ______. The priest also give a ________ to Sapa Inca.

After Atahualpa refused to convert to _______ by throwing away the Bible, Pizarro kidnapped him & killed thousands of Incan soldiers.

After being captured, Atahualpa noted that Spaniards crazy about ______. He concluded that these were _________ from some faraway land.

Spanish easily conquered two of empires in America, because the Incas lost the war like the Aztecs as they were both weakened by the ______ & the Spanish had superior _____

Up to _____% native Americans died because of the small pox.

By _____ the Spaniards had controlled the entire Inca Empire.

How was the Inca defeat by the Spanish similar to the Aztec defeat?

Where did Maya live ?

Deep in the Yucatan Peninsula_ lie culture relics of Maya civilizations which a _____ dominated their lives. The Maya have a roughly ______ year long history.

How did the Maya adapt to their environment ?

For astronomy, Mayans knew exact ____moon phases, and able to predict sun and moon ____eclipses

Solar Calendar for Maya: ，___ months, ___ days/month；

Lunar Calendar for Maya: ，___ months, ___ days/month；

Most cradles of civilization arose around fertile _____ valleys. Maya, however, chose to live on a hot _____stone shelf into the Caribbean Sea

There are only a few navigable _____ and ____soils, farming in Yucatan Peninsula is not easy.

Only _____, ______ and dogs as potential domesticable animals on the Yucatan Peninsula.

This region is prone to ______ as all rain falls between June & October, and immediately seeps into the porous limestone landscape. The US-Mexican research team indicated that the Maya environment was “geochemically ________”

Much of what we know comes from archaeology & colonial records as many archives were destroyed by ____

Unlike Aztec or Inca, there was never a Maya Empire, but rather dozens of unique & competing ______ united by a common culture, language family and reliance on _____.

By 300 CE, Maya entered the ____ Period when powerful city-states began to arise along with massive projects, beautiful monuments & gorgeous plazas.

Maya cities built around __________centers. Some cities had great palaces.

Maya built flat-topped pyramids of ______limestone. At the top of these pyramids were temples, where Maya_____ held religious rituals.

Maya Rituals and ceremonies were carried out on the top of ______.

Many of these ceremonies and rituals involve the most sacred substance in the Maya universe ______.

Unlike______, Maya didn’t rely heavily on mass human sacrifice.

When a human sacrifice was offered by Maya, it was almost always a captured ______&______

• Mayans believed that _______royal blood keeps gods happy.

Located near the pyramids there was always a ____ court. Intense sports/games were practiced here.

______ is the staple crop of the region also has _____ status, central to the Maya mythological origin.

The Maya scribes wrote thousands of _____ books in hieroglyphic script.

Most of Maya books have been lost to time & the fire of ____

_____ beans → money & restricted to the most important Mayan.

Maya developed 3 calendars: the ____ calendar of 365 days, a _____ calendar of 260 days.

the long count calendar that tracked every day from 11^th of August 3114 BC. The farthest date calculated by the Maya was a period of ________ years.

Maya created a number system. were the first to use the symbol of ____

By the early _____ century, the Maya civilization was at its zenith/peak.

Maya did not succumb to Spanish control until ______, nearly 200 years after the Aztec and the Inca.

By ______ century, the large-scale constructions of Maya had mostly stopped.

Which of the following was not an achievement of the Maya?

Native Americans were not given the citizenship until the year of _______

Incas built ______ to connect mountains -- hanging from ropes and cables.