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WorksheetsTopic 2 SL Biology Pt 1 (Macromolecules w/o Nucleic Acids)
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 2hrs 52mins
In which processes are macromolecules broken down into monomers?
Anabolism and catabolism
Catabolism and hydrolysis
Hydrolysis and reduction
Reduction and anabolism
Which type of chemical reaction is an example of anabolism?
Photolysis
Combustion
Hydrolysis
Condensation
hich reaction is an example of catabolism?
Photolysis of water
Denaturation of a protein by a change in pH
Production of maltose from amylose by amylase
Condensation of glucose to form starch
Which molecule diagram corresponds to the name?
The diagram shows a cycle of reactions that occurs in human liver cells. Which term describes the overall reactions of this cycle?
Oxidation
Catabolism
Condensation
Metabolism
The diagram shows the structure of palmitic acid. What type of fatty acid is palmitic acid?
It is monounsaturated.
It is polyunsaturated.
It is saturated.
It is a trans-fatty acid.
Glucose is absorbed through protein channels in the plasma membrane of epithelium cells in the small intestine. Which characteristics of glucose prevent its diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer?
It is non-polar and therefore hydrophobic.
Its hydrogen bonds link with amino acids in the protein channel.
It is polar and therefore hydrophilic.
Its covalent bonds interact with the phospholipids.
What characteristic shows that this steroid molecule is a lipid?
It is made of carbon rings.
It has a very low proportion of oxygen to carbon.
It contains OH groups as do fatty acids.
It is made only of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen.
Which molecule can be hydrolyzed?
Glycerol
Maltose
Fructose
Galactose
The image shows the structural formula of a molecule. What is this molecule?
Amino acid
Ribose
Deoxyribose
Lactose
What are the most frequently occurring elements in living organisms?
calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium
calcium, sodium, nitrogen and phosphorus
carbon, phosphorus, oxygen and nitrogen
nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
What is a property of water?
Water has a low specific heat capacity so large increases in heat energy cause a small temperature change.
Water is an excellent solvent for non-polar substances.
Covalent bonds between adjacent water molecules are responsible for its unique properties.
Water molecules are highly cohesive which is important for transport in xylem.
Which substance must be transported in the blood by lipoprotein complexes?
Cholesterol
Oxygen
Sodium chloride
Amino acids
Where do hydrogen bonds form?
Between the slight negative charge of hydrogen and slight positive charge of oxygen within a water molecule
Between the slight positive charge of hydrogen and slight negative charge of oxygen within a water molecule
Between the slight positive charge of hydrogen and slight negative charge of oxygen in different water molecules
Between the slight negative charge of hydrogen and slight positive charge of oxygen in different water molecules
Water has a specific heat capacity of 4.2 J g–1 K–1 at room temperature, a latent heat of vaporization equal to 2257 J g–1, and a boiling point of 100 °C. What are the specific heat capacity, latent heat of vaporization and boiling point of methane?
A
B
C
D
Researchers have developed a skin patch which can detect and measure very small concentrations of ions, sugars, amino acids, proteins and hormones which remain when sweat evaporates. What allows the presence of these substances in sweat?
Cohesion
Hydrophobic interactions
Solvent properties
Thermal properties
At room temperature, water is a liquid and methane is a gas. Which molecular property explains this difference?
Higher molecular mass of water
Dipolarity of water
Presence of more hydrogen in methane
Higher boiling point of methane
Which property of water accounts for its moderating effects on the Earth’s atmosphere?
Cohesive
Thermal
Transparency
Adhesive
Which can be explained by the solvent properties of water?
Sodium chloride is transported as Na+ and Cl– in blood.
Movement of water occurs under tension in the xylem.
Water is the coolant in sweat.
Ice floats on liquid water.
Which properties explain the ability of water to dissolve solutes?
I. Polarity of water molecules
II. High specific heat capacity of water
III. Hydrogen bonding
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
Why is sweat a good coolant for the body?
The arterioles that transfer water to sweat move closer to the skin surface when it is hot.
Breaking H bonds between water molecules in sweat requires energy from body heat.
Sweat contains minerals such as sodium chloride.
Sweat is non-polar.
What is a consequence of the specific heat capacity for liquid water, ice and water vapour?
Less energy is needed to warm water vapour than liquid water.
Salt dissolves more readily in liquid water than in ice.
Small insects can walk on liquid water.
Ice floats on liquid water.
Which of the molecules shown would be most suitable for long-term energy storage in humans?
A
B
C
D
Using the nomogram, what is the minimum mass at which a woman of height 165 cm would be considered overweight?
72
67
64
61
What type of molecule is formed by the chemical reaction shown in the diagram?
Dipeptide
Disaccharide
Diglyceride
Cellulose
The diagram shows a type of fatty acid. What type of fatty acid is shown?
Trans unsaturated
Cis unsaturated
Trans saturated
Cis saturated
The diagram shows two polysaccharides, formed from condensation of many glucose molecules. What are the names of X and Y?
X is glycogen and Y is amylose
X is amylopectin and Y is amylase
X is amylase and Y is glycogen
X is amylose and Y is amylopectin
Which type(s) of fatty acid in the diet is/are positively correlated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease?
I. Saturated
II. Trans unsaturated
III. Cis unsaturated
I only
I and II only
II only
II and III only
Which molecule represents a lipid?
A
B
C
D
Which fatty acid would occur in a trans fat?
A
B
C
D
The Framingham heart study was an observational study that went on for 20 years. The following data were produced. Which conclusion can be drawn, based on these data?
It is better to eat margarine than to eat butter.
The more margarine consumed, the greater the incidence of coronary heart disease.
Butter is a natural product whereas margarine is hydrogenated vegetable oil that leads to coronary heart disease.
Margarine causes more heart related deaths than butter.
Which of the molecules contain peptide bonds or are sugar molecules?
I and III contain peptide bonds; II is a sugar molecule
III contains peptide bonds; II and IV are sugar molecules
I, III, and IV contain peptide bonds; II is a sugar molecule
I contains peptide bonds; II Iand IV are sugar molecules
Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is based on DNA sequences and the cladogram on the right is based on comparing protein sequences. What is the reason that cladograms based on DNA sequences are more reliable predictors of the phylogenetic relationship of species than cladograms based on protein sequences?
Amino acids are not as chemically stable as DNA nucleotides.
DNA mutates but amino acids do not.
Several different triplets of bases can code for the same amino acid.
There are 20 different amino acids but only 4 nucleotides.
A polymer of alpha-D-glucose found in plants has mostly 1,4 linkages and some 1,6 linkages. Which molecule fits this description?
Glycogen
Cellulose
Amylose
Amylopectin
What type of molecule is shown in this diagram?
Trans saturated fatty acid
Cis unsaturated fatty acid
Cis saturated fatty acid
Trans unsaturated fatty acid
Which type of reaction is the breakdown of starch into sugars?
Denaturation
Reduction
Catabolic
Condensation
The diagram shows a molecular structure. Which type of molecule is shown?
Amino acid
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Nucleotide
Olive oil may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. What is/are the compound(s) responsible for the health benefits of olive oil?
I. Cis unsaturated fatty acids
II. Trans unsaturated fatty acids
III. Saturated fatty acids
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III
Which molecule is a sugar?
Which molecule is a polysaccharide?
Glucagon
Glucose
Glycerol
Glycogen
Which always contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen?
I. Carbohydrate
II. Protein
III. Fat
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
What are these molecules?
I is amino acid; II is glucose
I is amino acid; II is ribose
I is fatty acid; II is glucose
I is fatty acid; II is ribose
Which sugars are examples of a monosaccharide and disaccharide?
A
B
C
D
What is a proteome?
The genes that code for all the proteins in the ribosome
The group of proteins that generate a proton gradient in mitochondria
The entire genome of a prokaryote
The entire set of proteins expressed by an organism at a certain time
What is found in insulin molecules?
Phosphates
Nucleotides
Peptide bonds
Glycerol
The graph shows the results of an investigation into the activity of turnip peroxidase. The accumulation of the product of the reaction catalysed by the enzyme is shown at different pH values. Based on the data in the graph, what is most probably the optimum pH for turnip peroxidase?
Between 3 and 5
Between 10 and 11
Between 7 and 8
Between 9 and 10
Which statement correctly describes genome and proteome?
Only the genome but not the proteome can be analysed using gel electrophoresis.
The genome and the proteome are the same in all tissues in an organism.
In cells of different tissues, the genome is the same while the proteome varies.
Only mutations in the proteome but not in the genome cause any variability.
Which protein is identified with its function?
A
B
C
D
The graph shows the activity of an enzyme at different temperatures. What does the dashed line in the graph represent?
Increasing temperature increases substrate concentration.
Increasing temperature affects the active site.
Increasing temperature increases the rate of reaction.
Increasing temperature decreases the movement of particles.
Which protein has the highest tensile strength (ability to resist breaking when stretched)?
Cellulose
Actin
Spider silk
Albumin
Which molecule could be hydrolysed into amino acids?
How does the proteome of a species contain a larger number of proteins than genes that code for these proteins?
Some proteins have more than one polypeptide chain.
There are genes that code for several proteins.
Not all proteins are coded for by the genome.
Some proteins are coded for by other proteins.
The most abundant structural protein in the human body is found in ligaments and skin. What is the name of this protein?
Collagen
Hemoglobin
Myoglobin
Immunoglobulin
Which is an effect of protein denaturation?
The order of amino acids is changed when the protein overheats.
The bonds between amino acids are broken by condensation.
Parts of the protein become linked together by hydrolysis.
The three-dimensional structure of the protein is altered.
Where are proteins synthesized by free ribosomes used?
Outside the cell after secretion
Within the nucleus
Within the lysosomes
Within the cytoplasm
What effect do changes in pH have on enzymes?
All enzymes increase in activity as pH increases.
The activity of all enzymes is reduced by a pH below or above 7.
Low pH causes reversible denaturation in all enzymes.
Extreme pH can alter the active site of all enzymes.
Lactose intolerance occurs when the enzyme, lactase, that digests lactose is not produced after infancy in humans. The incidence of lactose intolerance varies in different racial groups. The graph shows the distribution of lactose intolerance in different human populations. What can be hypothesized from the graph?
Native American people produce most lactase after infancy.
Most Indian people do not produce lactase after infancy.
Lactase is not produced after infancy in most Caucasian people.
One quarter of Afro-Caribbean people will probably experience digestive problems when drinking milk.
Living organisms control pH within their tissues. What is a reason for regulating pH?
A.
D.
Many reactions can only happen at specific pH levels.
All parts of a body must be kept at the same pH to survive.
C. pH affects osmosis.
Control of active transport is achieved by pH.
The graph shows the effect of changing the substrate concentration on the early stages of an enzyme-catalysed reaction. What can be interpreted about the rate of reaction from the graph?
Rate of reaction increases up to a point and then remains constant.
Rate of reaction increases linearly with increasing substrate concentration.
Rate of reaction increases non-linearly with increasing substrate concentration.
Rate of reaction is not affected by any change in the substrate concentration.
What is the advantage of using lactase in an immobilized state in the food manufacturing industry?
It functions within cells.
It dissolves in multiple solvents.
It converts cellulose into glucose.
It is less likely to become denatured.
Three flasks were prepared for an analysis of the activity of amylase. At time zero, each of the substances indicated in the diagrams was added. Which flask(s) could provide support for the hypothesis that heat denatures enzymes?
Flasks I and II after 15 minutes
Flasks II and III after 15 minutes
Flasks I and III after 15 minutes
Flask III at time zero and again after 15 minutes
The graph shows the effect of increasing the substrate concentration on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction. What is occurring during the phase indicated by section Y of the graph?
The active site of the enzyme is saturated.
The enzyme becomes denatured.
The substrate concentration has risen too high.
The optimum rate is reached.
In an experiment the effect of changing pH on an enzymatic reaction is tested. Which could be a dependent variable in this kind of experiment?
Changing substrate concentration
Rate of formation of product
Variation in temperature
Change in pH
A fever in a normally healthy adult during an illness is not usually a problem and can be regarded as a defence mechanism. However, a fever higher than 41°C might be dangerous. What is the cause of the possible damage due to a high fever?
Loss of body mass
Muscle damage due to shivering
Overactive metabolic enzymes
Spread of infection
It is possible to attach β-galactosidase to alginate beads for use in the production of lactose-free milk. What are enzymes that have been attached in this way called?
Inhibited
Immobilized
Catalysed
Activated
Which is the activation energy of a reaction when it is catalysed by an enzyme?
A
B
C
D
