NEW
Font size
WorksheetsYear 9 - A Life Changing Moment 3
Total questions: 42
Worksheet time: 23mins
In a pedigree, individuals symbolised by a square are:
Male
Female
In a pedigree, individuals symbolised by a circle are:
Male
Female
In a pedigree, individuals who are blacked out show the:
Absence of a trait
Presence of a trait
The allele for colourblindness is 'C'. An individual has the genotype Cc, what does this mean?
The individual is colourblind
The individual is not colourblind
The allele for green hair is 'G'. An individual has the genotype gg, what does this mean?
The individual has green hair
The individual doesnt have green hair
In the pedigree, what is the genotype of individual 2 in the first generation
AA
aa
Aa
In the pedigree, what is the genotype of individual 6 in the second generation
Aa
aa
AA
In the pedigree, what is the genotype of individual 4 in the third generation
Aa
AA
aa
Which of the following statements are true?
All of the children of I-1 and I-2 are heterozygotes
Individual III-1 has the genotype aa
Individuals II-1 and II-2 have had one daughter and two sons
In the pedigree, what is the genotype of I-1?
FF
ff
Ff
In the pedigree, what is the genotype of II-5?
Ff
ff
FF
The main reason offspring generally resemble their biological parents is because:
They inherit genetic information from them
They generally live in the same area
We don't know – it just happens
A child needs to inherit two copies of the blue-eyed allele to have blue eyes. This means that the blue-eyed allele is:
Recessive
Dominant
Simple
Complex
If an allele is dominant, how many copies of it need to be present in an individual's genotype for them to have the associated trait?
1
2
3
4
When describing an organism's genotype, how are alleles symbolised?
Lower case for both alleles, but different letters
Capital letters for both alleles, but different letters
Capital letter for the recessive allele; lower case of the same letter for the dominant allele
Capital letter for the dominant allele; lower case of the same letter for the recessive allele
DNA provides instructions for how amino acids join together to form:
Molecules
Proteins
Cells
Atoms
A group of amino acids together form:
Proteins
Tissues
Cells
A group of proteins together forms:
Cells
Tissue
Amino Acids
Organs
The double helix structure of DNA is most similar to:
A twisted ladder
A staircase
A corkscrew
A spider web
What is a base pair?
Two joined bases of the same type, e.g. A–A
Two joined bases of specific types, either A–T or G–C
A double helix
The two twisted chains that form the backbone of the DNA molecule
The length of a gene and its particular sequence of As, Cs, Gs and Ts determine:
The size and shape of the protein produced
The size and shape of an organ in the body
The role in the body of a particular organ
Which of the following base pair linkages are possible?
A-U
G-T
C-A
U-T
Heritable traits are passed from generation to generation via DNA.
True
False
Which of the following statements about DNA are correct?
Differences in the DNA of living things lead to differences between those living things
DNA is always copied perfectly and therefore doesn't change over generations
The DNA in all living things is identical
Which of the following statements are correct?
Soot from coal-fired factories landed on light coloured moths making them darker
As the environment became darker it also became colder, and the dark coloured moths were able to absorb more heat to stay warm
Dark coloured moths became harder to see and so were eaten less often, reproducing more
Define adaptations
Anything that increases an organisms chances of survival and reproduction
Things that organisms have that help them become more intelligent
Anything that decreases an organisms chances of survival and reproduction
Which of the following is a selective pressure in populations?
Food source
The amount of rocks
The quality of food
Mutations in genes are:
Random
Constant
Carefully selected
Whales having hands with five finger bones, in the same structure as humans is an example of:
Comparative anatomy
Embryology
Fossil record
DNA sequence
What is embryology?
The study of similarities and differences of animals before birth
The study of the common ancestors of animals.
The study of baby animals
The study of similar organs in animal embryos.
How is the fossil record an example of evidence of evolution?
Fossils show all the animals that could not survive and were therefore not "fit"
Throughout time species show changes towards modern day form, becoming more and more complex.
Throughout time species show no change and all fossils of animals appear the same.
Fossils show all the ancestors of animals (except for humans)
What does the movement of nasal cavities between modern land mammals, the extinct whale ancestor and modern whales demonstrate?
Whales have common ancestors with land mammals but features changed due to natural selection.
Mammals all have noses, but it is easier to breathe through a blowhole.
Whales have a common ancestor with other whales only as their nasal cavities are closer to a blowhole.
DNA evidence for evolution includes:
Similar organisms have more or the same DNA code.
DNA in fossils of whales and land mammals.
DNA code for all living things being exactly the same.
Evolution only occurs by human selection (artificial processes)
True
False
Which of the following statements about evolution are correct?
Evolution is a process of change that occurs over many generations
Evolution occurs every time an organism learns something new
Evolution has nothing to do with change
Evolution is a process of change that occurs within a single generation
Which of the following is an example of evolution?
Honeybees developing the ability, over millions of generations, to see flowers in ultraviolet light
An individual arctic hare growing a thick white coat for warmth and camouflage in winter
A person dyeing their hair from blonde to black
Asexual reproduction (reproduction without sex) usually results in offspring that:
Are genetically identical to the parents
Have small genetic differences from the parents
Are genetically identical to parents but which look and function slightly differently
Are better adapted to the environment than their parents
Mutations lead to physical and behavioural variations amongst the members of a species. These variations:
Always disappear over the long term, because individuals with them cannot compete
All continue in the population forever
Continue in the population unless a chance event, such as flood or fire, removes all the individuals with them
Sometimes give individuals an advantage over other members of the species, so these individuals have more offspring
Which of the following are examples of natural selection?
A dog breeder selects the puppies with the shortest hair to breed the next generation
A species of crab that only lives on one island is completely wiped out when a volcano on the island erupts
A gazelle that can run faster than others in its herd survives to mate and have offspring
A lizard seeking a warm rock to bask on on a cool day
In the process of natural selection:
Organisms select which variations to pass on to their offspring
Organisms with some variations are able to survive and reproduce better than organisms that don't have those variations
The most common variations in a species always win out against the least common ones
Competition between individuals is an important part of natural selection because it:
Ensures that all individuals have an equal chance of passing on their genes
Means that less-well adapted individuals take resources that could have been used by better-adapted individuals
Increases the likelihood that less well adapted individuals do not survive to pass on their DNA
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has meant that many of our most important antibiotics have become ineffective in the fight against disease and infection.
Which of the following could help explain the link between our use of antibiotics and the increase in antibiotic resistance?
Variation in human DNA means there is natural selection for bacteria that can resist antibiotics
Bacteria that survive an antibiotic may carry genes for resistance to it, which they pass on to the next generation
When you take any medication your body gets used to it and it becomes less effective
