What acid/base disorder is associated with hyperventilation?

What acid/base disorder is associated with pregnancy?

What acid/base disorder is associated with hypovolemia?

What acid/base disorder is associated with diuretic use?

What acid/base disorder is associated with hypokalemia?

What acid/base disorder is associated with obstructive lung diseases?

What acid/base disorder is associated with pneumonia?

What acid/base disorder is associated with sleep apnea?

What acid/base disorder is associated with hypoventilation?

What acid/base disorder is associated with diarrhea?

What acid/base disorder is associated with RTA Type II?

What acid/base disorder is associated with intense exercise?

What acid/base disorder is associated with TB treatment?

What acid/base disorder is associated with antifreeze intox?

What acid/base disorder is associated with renal failure?

What is a normal anion gap?

What ions are used to calculate the anion gap?

What is the equation for anion gap?

A 24 year-old woman is found down in Pioneer Square by some bystanders. The medics are called and, upon arrival, find her with an oxygen saturation of 88% on room air and pinpoint pupils on exam. She is brought into the Harborview ER where a room air arterial blood gas is performed and reveals: pH 7.25, PCO2 60, PO2 65, HCO3 - 26, Base Excess 1. On his chemistry panel, her sodium is 137, chloride 100, bicarbonate 27.

A 60 year-old man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is brought into clinic by his family who are concerned that he is more somnolent than normal. On further history, they report that he has been having problems with morning headaches and does not feel very refreshed when he wakes up. An arterial blood gas is performed and reveals: pH 7.37, PCO2 57, PO2 70, HCO3 - 32.

A 65 year-old man is brought into the VA hospital with complaints of severe nausea and weakness. He has had problems with peptic ulcer disease in the past and has been having similar pain for the past two weeks. Rather than see a physician about this, he opted to deal with the problem on his own and, over the past week, has been drinking significant quantities of milk and consuming large quantities of TUMS (calcium carbonate). On his initial laboratory studies, he is found to have a calcium level of 11.5 mg/dL, a creatinine of 1.4 and bicarbonate of 35. The resident working in the ER decides to draw a room air arterial blood gas, which reveals: pH 7.45, PCO2 49, PO2 68, HCO3 - 34. On his chemistry panel, the sodium is 139, chloride 95, HCO3 - 34.

A 45 year-old woman with a history of inhalant abuse presents to the emergency room complaining of dyspnea. She has an SpO2 of 99% on room air and is obviously tachypneic on exam with what appears to be Kussmaul’s respirations. A room air arterial blood gas is performed and reveals: pH 6.95, PCO2 9, PO2 128, HCO3 - 2. A chemistry panel revealed sodium of 130, chloride 98, HCO3 - 2.

A 68 year-old man with a history of very severe COPD (FEV1 ~ 1.0L, < 25% predicted) and chronic carbon dioxide retention (Baseline PCO2 58) presents to the emergency room complaining of worsening dyspnea and an increase in the frequency and purulence of his sputum production over the past 2 days. His oxygen saturation is 78% on room air. Before he is place on supplemental oxygen, a room air arterial blood gas is drawn and reveals: pH 7.25, PCO2 68, PO2 48, HCO3 - 31.

A climber is coming down from the summit of Mt. Everest. At an altitude of 8,400 m (PB ~ 272 mmHg), he has a blood gas drawn while breathing ambient air as part of a research project. The blood gas reveals pH 7.55, PCO2 12, PO2 30 and HCO3 - 10.5.

A 57 year-old woman presents with 2 days of fevers, dyspnea and a cough productive of rust-colored sputum. Her room air oxygen saturation in the emergency room is found to be 85% and the intern decides to obtain a room air arterial blood gas while they are waiting for the chest x-ray to be done. The blood gas reveals: pH 7.54, PCO2 25, PO2 65, HCO3 - 22, Base excess -1.

A 47 year-old man with a history of heavy alcohol use presents with a twoday history of severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. On exam, his blood pressure is 90/50 and he is markedly tender in his epigastrum. His initial laboratory studies reveal a sodium of 132, chloride 92, HCO3 - 16, creatinine 1.5, amylase 400 and lipase 250. A room air arterial blood gas is drawn and reveals pH 7.28, PCO2 34, PO2 88, HCO3 - 16.