$\frac{\pi}{64}d^4$

$\frac{\pi}{32}d^4$

$\frac{\pi}{128}d^4$

None of the choices

$\frac{P}{A}$

$\frac{M}{I}.y$

$\frac{E}{R}.I$

Not possible to find without proper figure

$\frac{y}{I}$

$\frac{I}{y}$

$\frac{M}{I}$

$\frac{I}{M}$

at the center of the cross section

at the centroid of the cross section

at top layer

at bottom layer

The material of the beam is homogeneous and isotropic

The transverse sections which were plane before bending, does not remains plane after bending.

The beam is initially straight and all longitudinal filaments bend into circular arcs with a common centre of curvature

The radius of curvature is large compared with the dimensions of the cross section

The radius of curvature is small compared with the dimensions of the cross section

Top layer

Bottom layer

Neutral axis

None of the choices

Top layer

Bottom layer

Neutral axis

None of the choices

maximum

minimum

depends on loading condition

Zero

500 MPa

550 MPa

350 MPa

Cannot be calculated without shape of cross section