WorksheetsHow you understand HD?
Total questions: 32
Worksheet time: 18mins
1.What is the correct range of molecular weight of small molecules?
<50 Da
<500 Da
<50k Da
What are the main treatment factors that can cause IDH? (please select all answers that apply)
High ultrafiltration volume
Low ultrafiltration rate
Acetate containing buffer (even small amounts)
Lower dialysate sodium <135 mmol/L & lower dialysate calcium <1.25 mmol/L
Dialysate temperature
1.What system component accounts for the majority of exposure of the patient’s blood to foreign material and is a major component of biocompatibility?
(a)
What are the main components of dialysis fluid?
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Bicarbonate
According to EBPG Dialysis Strategies Guidelines (2007) – Guideline 4.1 – minimum adequate dialysis, which subsets of patients may require higher doses of eKt/V up to 1.4? (Please select the 2 correct answers)
Females
Diabetics
High comorbidity patients
Elderly
Males
What molecule is being described? A circulating “waste bin”; Used as a biomarker for large MM removal; greater removal associated with less symptoms of restless leg syndrome; molecular weight 33 kDa.
Beta-2 macroglobulin
Interleukin 6
Alpha 1 macroglobulin
Phosphate
Which molecule size is being described below?
Performance of HDx therapy enabled by the THERANOVA 400 dialyzer. Substantially better than high-flux HD at blood flow rates of 300 and 400 mL/min. Similar or better than high volume HDF at blood flow rate 400 mL/min.
Large molecules (e.g. essential proteins such as Albumin)
Conventional middle molecules
Large middle molecules
Small solutes
Albumin removal is moderate with HDx therapy, 3 grams on average with no treatment above 4 grams.
True
False
Urea and _______ are two of the waste products removed from the kidneys they come from the breakdown of ___________ and muscle.
(a)
Which type of therapy can be described by the following:
Small solutes: Good removal by diffusion, determined by QB.
Conventional middle molecules: Effective removal.
Large middle molecules: Good removal, depending on
membrane permeability and convective volume.
HDF
LF HD
HDx
HF HD
Small solutes: Good removal by diffusion, determined by QB.
Conventional middle molecules: No or very little removal
Large middle molecules: No removal
HDF
LF HD
HDx
HF HD
Small solutes: Good removal by diffusion, determined by QB.
Conventional middle molecules: Effective removal by diffusion.
Large middle molecules: Good removal by diffusion.
HDF
LF HD
HDx
HF HD
Which type of therapy can be described by the following:
Small solutes: Good removal by diffusion, determined by QB.
Conventional middle molecules: Good removal by diffusion.
Large middle molecules: Little removal.
HDF
LF HD
HDx
HF HD
Kidneys maintain an acid-base balance in the body by excreting excess ______ into the urine, and by returning _______ to the blood to neutralize acid.
(a)
Which of the below is the most common cause leading to CKD?
Renal Cancer
Diabetes
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Which of the following kidney functions CAN NOT be adequately replaced by dialysis?
Regulation of acid-base balance
Regulation of electrolytes
Stimulation of red blood cell production
Removal of excess fluids
Removal of waste products.
Fill in the missing numbers in the following statement:
NKF KDOQI Guidelines (2015) – Guideline 3 – Measurement of Dialysis: Urea Kinetics 2.3.1 We recommend a target single pool Kt/V (spKt/V) of _____ per hemodialysis session for patients treated thrice weekly, with a minimum delivered spKt/V of _____.
1.4 / 1.3
1.4 / 1.2
1.2 / 1.4
1.4 / 1.4
K (ionic clearance) is proportional to blood flow and a reliable indicator of small solutes removal.
True
False
Fill in the missing value: Acidosis refers to a pH value < _____
7.25
7.30
7.35
7.45
What are the main purposes of HD?
Remove waste products, regulate salt/electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base balance, regulate fluid/water balance
Regulate waste products, remove salt/electrolytes, regulate acid-base balance, regulate fluid/water balance
Remove waste products, regulate salt/electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base balance, remove fluid/water balance
What is being described here:
The physical process where dissolved solutes move from an area of high solute concentration to another area of lower solute concentration in order to reach an eventual equilibrium?
Ultrafiltration
Convection
Diffusion
Adsorption
Larger molecules, for example β2M has a positive charge and will bind to sites on negatively charged membranes.
True
False
On average what volume of water/dialysate does a patient come into contact with each dialysis session?
90-120
100-200
120-200
What are the signs of clotting?
Extremely dark blood or streaks in the dialyzer.
Clear drip chambers.
Increasing venous pressure and/or Transmembrane Pressure (TMP)
There is no strong evidence that synthetic high-flux membranes should be used to delay long-term complications of haemodialysis therapy in patients at high risk.
True
False
Which dialyzer has the lowest priming volume? (Please select two correct answers)
Theralite
Theranova
Polyflux
Evodial
Revaclear
Which dialyzer has a smaller inner diameter and reduced wall thickness?
Polyflux
Revaclear
What size in m² is the Revaclear 300 dialyzer?
1.4m²
1.3m²
1.6m²
1.8m²
What size in m² is the Revaclear 400 dialyzer?
1.4m²
1.6m²
1.8m²
2.1m²
Which layer of the Polyamix membrane is being described below?
Provides additional stability and is designed to act as a protective barrier to prevent bacterial endotoxins from passing into the patient from the dialysate.
Inner selective layer
Support layer
Finger-type structure (external layer)
AK 98 offers three profile types for sodium and bicarbonate profiling: linear, step and interval.
True
False
On which devices is the DIASCAN monitoring system available?
Artis Physio Plus
Artis Physio
AK98
