the study of how the body functions

a grouping of tissues and organs

divides the body into left and right halves

sagittal plane divided into equal left and right sides of the body

divides the body into upper and lower sections

also known as the transverse plane, divides the body into upper and lower regions

divides the body into front and back sections

In front of; in the front of the body or body section

On the front

In back or behind; in the back of the body or body section

On the Back

Toward the middle of the body; the medial is closest to the midline

Toward the midline of the body (primarily used in dentistry)

Toward the outside or away from the midline that divides the body

Away from the midline of the body or body section

Refers to the part of the body closest to the point of attachment (used on limbs)

Below or under

Above or higher

posterior portion of the body that contains spinal canal and cranial cavity

also known as vertebral canal, is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes

large space inside the skull that contains the brain

anterior portion of the body

also known as the chest cavity, contains the lungs, heart, and all accessory parts needed for their functioning

includes most of the digestive tract and support organs necessary for the digestive process

contains the urinary bladder, the rectum, and the reproductive system

the smallest functioning unit of the body; contains cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and chromosomes

the outer wall of the cell composed of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates

the controlling body of the cell containing the genetic codes

everything within a cell except for the nucleus

located in the cell’s nucleus and contains DNA that transmits genetic information

specialized group of cells

specialized group of cells

cells, tissues, organs, and systems all functioning together to maintain harmony in the body

one of the two main divisions of the skeleton includes bones of the cranium, face, spinal column, ribs, and sternum

one of the two main divisions of the skeleton, composed of the bones from the upper and lower extremities including arms, hands, legs, feet, shoulders, and hips

the connective tissue of bones; is hard due to deposits of mineral salts

sponge-like tissue

sponge-like appearance of the cancellous bone as seen on dental x-rays

the strong and hard section of a bone is dense and forms the main shaft of long bones and the outer layer of other bones

dissolve and reabsorb the calcium salts of the bone matrix when bone is stressed or damaged

bone-forming cells

tough, fibrous layer of tissue covering compact bone

located inside the spaces of the cancellous bone and filled with blood vessels and small amounts of connective tissue. It manufactures red and white blood cells and platelets

contains mainly fat cells and is found in the center shafts of long bones; replaces red bone marrow as the body ages

a tough nonvascular, resilient, specialized connective tissue

also known as articulations, areas where two or more bones meet or form a junction; composed of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage

joint where two or more bones meet or form a junction

an advanced stage of periapical infection that spreads into and through the bone

the loss of bony material, which leaves the bones brittle and soft

the loss of bony material, which leaves the bones brittle and soft

breaks of the bone or cartilage

degeneration or disease of the joint where the mandible articulates with the temporal bone