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The Scientific Revolution & The Enlightenment

Total questions: 88

Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which Enlightenment thinker produced plays and poems, as well as philosophical essays?
a)
Thomas Hobbes
b)
John Comey
c)
Voltaire 
d)
Montesquieu
2.
John Locke's central political value was
a)
the protection of individual rights.
b)
equal distribution of wealth.
c)
designing governments around biblical teachings.
d)
nullified by the exploration of central Africa.
3.
A common theme among Enlightenment thinkers was
a)
there was not a common theme among the enlightenment thinkers
b)
faith in traditional religious beliefs.
c)
a belief in the inherent goodness of humanity.
d)
support for democratic forms of government.
4.
The Catholic Church considered some thinkers of the Scientific Revolution to be heretics because they
a)
loved anatomy
b)
traveled frequently to Africa
c)
questioned claims made in biblical passages.
d)
valued natural resources.
5.
The work of which scientist was most strongly condemned by the church?
a)
Galileo 
b)
Kepler
c)
Lloyd 
d)
John Adams
6.
During the Scientific Revolution, European scientists focused their work on explaining
a)
how government affects the individual.
b)
Life
c)
advanced chemistry
d)
the workings of the natural world
7.
The idea that the earth is the center of the universe is called
a)
heliocentricity
b)
planetary alignment
c)
geocentric
d)
cell theory 
8.
The idea that the sun is the center of our universe
a)
Hawkin Theory
b)
Heliocentric 
c)
Applied astronomy 
d)
Geocentric 
9.
Before the scientific revolution the people believed kings got there power to rule
a)
from Congress / Parliament
b)
from the people (democratic elections)
c)
from the worldwide web
d)
from God (divine right)
10.
Francis Bacon is known for his invention of the
a)
laws of motion
b)
telescope
c)
scientific method
d)
gravity 
11.
In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best form of government included a separation of powers.
a)
True
b)
False
12.
John Locke believed that the purpose of government was to protect people’s natural rights.
a)
True
b)
False 
13.
The Heliocentric theory, proposed initially by Copernicus, contends the the Earth is at the center of the solar system.
a)
True 
b)
False 
14.
Until the Scientific Revolution, the traditional authorities were
a)
the Catholic Church and ancient scholars
b)
Muslim scribes
c)
navigators and explorers
d)
Confuscious and Ghandi
15.
Which is the last step of the scientific method?
a)
hypothesis
b)
conclusion
c)
problem
d)
experiment 
16.
Thomas Hobbes wrote this book about the structure of society and governments.
a)
Santa Maria
b)
Leviathan
c)
The Old Man and the Sea
d)
Carterican
17.
This Enlightenment thinker believed that we are all good and pure until we are corrupted by society.
a)
Thomas Hobbes
b)
Galileo
c)
John Locke
d)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
18.
Which Enlightenment thinker said "If women be educated for dependence; that is, to act according to the will of another fallible being, and submit, right or wrong, to power, where are we to stop?"
a)
Mary Wollstonecraft
b)
Mike Jones
c)
Tommy Hobbes
d)
Thomas Jefferson
19.
Thomas Hobbes believed that
a)
the enlightenment thinkers were naturally silly
b)
people are naturally greedy and selfish therefore should only be governed by an absolute monarch (king).
c)
people are for the most part good people but society corrupts us to be bad
d)
in the tabula rasa theory
20.
Which of the following people is NOT considered to be an Enlightenment thinker?
a)
Abraham Lincoln 
b)
John Locke
c)
Voltaire 
d)
Mary Wollstonecraft
21.
Copernicus was the first modern scientist to think...
a)
The universe is geocentric.
b)
Gravity causes things to fall at the same rate.
c)
The earth is the center of the universe.
d)
The sun is the center of the universe.
22.
John Locke argued that all people had the right to ________________. 
a)
Own slaves
b)
Choose their religious beliefs
c)
Pursuit of happiness
d)
Life, liberty, and property
23.
Galileo was brought before the Church and charged with heresy because...
a)
He published a book agreeing with the heliocentric theory.
b)
He criticized the Pope because he wanted a divorce.
c)
He wanted to marry an English princess.
d)
He published a book about humanism. 
24.
Isaac Newton studied 3 branches of SCIENCE:
a)
Legislative, executive, and judicial
b)
Church, school, factories
c)
Physics, gravity, motion
d)
Calculus, physics, and government
25.
Why did the Roman Catholic Church take so long to embrace the heliocentric theory?
a)
Jesus walked the Earth; therefore Earth must be the most important and at the center.
b)
Ptolemy was a famous priest who donated a lot of money to the Church.
c)
Catholic leaders did not want people questioning what was true because it may lead to people questioning the Church. 
d)
They were angry at Galileo and never wanted to admit he was correct. 
26.
Sir Francis Bacon developed the idea that things could be proven through observation.  What was this called? 
a)
Scientific Method
b)
Divine Right of Kings
c)
Geocentric view of the universe
d)
Humanism
27.
A period during the 1600s and 1700s when people used reason to guide people's thoughts about society. 
a)
Enlightenment
b)
Captialism
c)
Renaissance
d)
Reformation
28.
A French philosopher who is considered the father of modern philosophy; "I think therefore I am."
a)
John Locke
b)
Rene Descartes
c)
Adam Smith
d)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
29.
Which French Enlightenment thinker promoted the idea of separation of power? 
a)
Mary Wollstonecraft
b)
Rene Descartes
c)
Charles-Louis Montesquieu
d)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
30.
What was the series of events that led to the birth of modern science known as? 
a)
Enlightenment 
b)
Scientific Revolution
c)
Renaissance
d)
Scientific Method
31.
Who is the English philosopher that is best known for the promotion of the Scientific Method and use of Inductive Reasoning? 
a)
Galileo
b)
Francis Bacon
c)
Isaac Newton
d)
John Locke
32.
Which English scientist identified how the physical world works; specifically in terms of the Law of Gravity? 
a)
Francis Bacon
b)
Isaac Newton
c)
Rene Descartes
d)
Galileo Galilei
33.
Which of the following did not contribute to the Enlightenment?
a)
The Reformation
b)
The Industrial Revolution
c)
The Scientific Revolution
d)
The Renaissance
34.
What place was the center of the Enlightenment?
a)
Italy 
b)
England 
c)
France 
d)
Spain
35.

With which idea would an Enlightenment philosopher most likely agree

a)

The right to rule comes from God through a king.

b)

The right to rule comes from God through the people.

c)

A strong military is needed to keep people in line.

d)

Tradition and custom should guide decisions made by a government.

36.
Which Enlightenment thinker believed and did the things in this chart?
a)
Galileo
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Rousseau
d)
Voltaire
37.
Which famous Enlightenment philosopher made this statement
a)
Voltaire
b)
Locke
c)
Hobbes
d)
Montesquieu
38.
Which Enlightenment philosopher believed that there was a social contract between the government and the people?
a)
Copernicus
b)
Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Hobbes
39.

He believed that absolute monarchs were a "leviathan" sent to punish evil people.

a)

Locke

b)

Galileo

c)

Voltaire

d)

Hobbes

40.
What did Galileo Improve?
a)
The astrolabe
b)
the stars
c)
The Telescope
d)
cat food.
41.
Galileo was tried for heresy because he argued  
a)
That heaven did not exist
b)
That Earth revolved around the sun
c)
Against the law of gravity
d)
That the sun revolved around the Earth
42.
What document did John Locke's ideas influence?
a)
English Bill of Rights
b)
Declaration of Independence
c)
Great Charter
d)
Magna Carter
43.
Locke believed that a government's power came from its ___________________.
a)
A. army
b)
B. power
c)
C. people
d)
D. science
44.
What is the French word for philosopher?
a)
A. philosophe
b)
B. natural rights
c)
C. separation of power
d)
D. checks and balances
45.
You are born with _________________ that can't be taken away; life, liberty, property
a)
A. philosophe
b)
B. natural rights
c)
C. separation of power
d)
D. checks and balances
46.
Who created the geocentric theory?
a)
Galileo's Cat
b)
Ptolemy 
c)
Copernicus
d)
Galileo
47.
Who created the heliocentric theory?
a)
Copernicus
b)
Galileo 
c)
Ptolemy
d)
Kepler
48.

A major concept promoted by philosophers of the Enlightenment was the need for

a)

A return to traditional medieval ideas

b)

Overseas expansion by western European nations

c)

Strengthening the power of the organized religions

d)

The use of reason for rational and logical thinking

49.

Voltaire was a philosopher who defended

a)

The practice of slavery

b)

The nobility

c)

Freedom of speech

d)

The free market

50.

Which of the following are Enlightenment thinkers/scientists?

a)

Newton

b)

Galileo

c)

Voltaire

d)

Luther

e)

Columbus

51.

According to Copernicus, the sun

a)

Revolved around the earth

b)

Was the center of the universe

c)

Was the biggest star

d)

Had many moons

52.

During the Scientific Revolution the heliocentric view of the universe was first proposed by __________.

a)

Ptolemy

b)

Francis Bacon

c)

Isaac Newton

d)

Nicolaus Copernicus

53.

The Scientific Revolution challenged many medieval ideas about science. All of the following were astronomers during the Scientific Revolution except __________.

a)

Nicolaus Copernicus

b)

Thomas More

c)

Galileo Galilei

d)

Johannes Kepler

54.

What did Kepler add to Copernicus’ heliocentric theory?

a)

That Jupiter had four moons

b)

That the planets revolved around the earth

c)

That the sun was the biggest star

d)

That the planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun

55.

Who is known for the discovery of the circulation of blood throughout the human body?

a)

William Harvey

b)

Isaac Newton

c)

Johannes Kepler

d)

Nicolaus Copernicus

56.

William Harvey contributed to what area of study?

a)

astronomy

b)

mathematics

c)

medicine

d)

ecology

57.
A time period, mostly in the 1700's, where philosophers and thinkers thought science and reason could improve all humanity.
a)
Enlightenment
b)
Great Awakening
c)
American Revolution
d)
French Revolution
58.
This thinker believed that humanity was inherently evil.  Laws and governments are needed to protect people from each other. 
a)
Hobbes
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Roussoue
d)
Voltaire
59.
This thinker wrote "The Social Contract." He believed that government was a contract between the ruler & the people.
a)
Rousseau
b)
Locke
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Voltaire
60.

Enlightenment ideas can be found in all the following documents except:

a)

Declaration of Independence

b)

English Bill of Rights

c)

United State Constitution

d)

Magna Carta

61.
Enlightened thinkers based their philosophical beliefs on what two things?
a)
power and privilege
b)
money and fame
c)
good looks and charm
d)
reason and logic
62.
Sir Isaac Newton is associated with the Laws of:
a)
Electricity
b)
Motion and gravity
c)
Human biology
d)
Astronomy 
63.

How did Hobbes view human nature?

a)

We are inquisitive and industrious.

b)

We are naturally selfish and quick to fight.

c)

We are naturally ignorant

d)

We are naturally kind and helpful to others

64.

Which of the following said "..they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights....life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?

a)

Thomas Edison

b)

Issac Newton

c)

Leonardo Davinci

d)

John Locke

65.

______________________ believed in religious freedom and tolerance.

a)

John Locke

b)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

c)

Thomas Hobbes

d)

Voltaire

66.

Which one of Thomas Jefferson's documents was influenced by ideas of the Enlightenment?

a)

Articles of Confederation

b)

Constitution of Virginia

c)

Declaration of Independence

d)

Bill of Rights

67.

Which philosopher is NOT correctly matched with the book he wrote?

a)

Thomas Hobbes- "The Leviathan"

b)

Montesquieu- "Wealth of Nations"

c)

John Locke- "The Two Treatises on Government"

d)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau- "Social Contract"

68.

Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the Americas and what other country?

a)

France

b)

England

c)

Russia

d)

China

69.

The 18th Century philosophes believed that society could best achieve progress through

a)

Prayer and contemplation

b)

Hard work and self-denial

c)

Mercantilism

d)

Scientific empiricism

e)

Analysis of Greek and Latin texts

70.
According to Hobbes, people agreed to give up some ______ in exchange for _______ as part of the social contract.
a)
rights and power / protection
b)
food and shelter / weapons
c)
security and protection / freedom
d)
money / goods and services
71.
John Locke's thinking most influenced what American Founding Father?
a)
George Washington
b)
Benjamin Franklin
c)
Alexander Hamilton
d)
Thomas Jefferson
72.
Which Enlightenment thinker believed in the "social contract"?
a)
Charles-Louis Montesquieu
b)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
c)
Adam Smith
d)
John Locke
73.
Baron de Montesquieu established two ideas that helped mold today's government in the United States. Those two ideas were....
a)
reason and progress 
b)
Separation of Power and Checks and Balances 
c)
Laissee-faire and Supply & Demand
d)
General Will and Social Contract
74.
What did Rousseau believe that governments should work toward?
a)
A Revolution against the monarchy
b)
Good Health
c)
Common Good
d)
No Taxes
75.

The English scientist Sir Isaac Newton is famous for the

a)

discovery of the atom

b)

laws of universal gravity

c)

heliocentric theory

d)

discovery of blood circulation

76.

Who discovered that planets make ellipses (ovals) as they orbit the sun?

a)

Isaac Newton

b)

William Harvey

c)

Galileo Galilei

d)

Johannes Kepler

77.

This diagram best illustrates the discoveries of --

a)

Johannes Kepler

b)

Galileo Galilei

c)

Isaac Newton

d)

William Harvey

78.

Which activity was central to the process of learning that was developed during the Scientific Revolution?

a)

explaining the past

b)

constructing laboratories

c)

analyzing government documents

d)

observing the physical universe

79.

What factor sparked the start of the Scientific Revolution?

a)

the increasing popularity of Niccolo Machiavelli's writings

b)

the renewed interest in religious texts from Ancient Greece

c)

the scientific investigations of Leonardo da Vinci

d)

the humanist thought that developed in Europe during the Renaissance

80.

What was the main difference between the theories of Johannes Kepler and Nicolaus Copernicus?

a)

the shape of the planetary orbits

b)

the importance of testing predictions

c)

the celestial body at the center of the universe

d)

the reason for the apparent rising and setting of the sun

81.
Reason can help free people from ignorance, superstition, and unfair government?
a)
True
b)
False
82.
Reason can be used to solve problems and improve peoples lives?
a)
True
b)
False
83.
Enlightenment philosopher who did not agree with censorship.
a)
Voltaire
b)
Denis Diderot
c)
Mary Wollstonecraft
d)
Adam Smith
84.
The Polish astronomer who presented the heliocentric theory of the universe, refuting an earlier theory by Greek scientist Ptolemy. 
a)
Galileo Galilei 
b)
Nicolaus Copernicus 
c)
Johannes Kepler 
d)
Isaac Newton 
85.
Name the French philosopher & mathematician who is referred to as the "Father of Rationalism." 
a)
Denis Diderot 
b)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
c)
Baron de Montesquieu
d)
Rene Descartes
86.
Known as the "Father of Modern Chemistry," this French nobleman and chemist also formulated the law of conservation of matter. 
a)
Galileo Galilei 
b)
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier 
c)
Edward Jenner 
d)
Joseph Priestley 
87.

What idea was Voltaire associated with?

a)

Life, Liberty, and Property

b)

Three Branches of Government

c)

Separate Church and State

d)

The Sun is the center of the universe

e)

Gravity and the Laws of Motion

88.

What did the Magna Carta NOT do?

a)

Limit king's taxation power

b)

Said the king had to follow the same laws as everyone else

c)

Created a Council to check the king's power

d)

Get rid of kings forever

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