Group of people of homogenous societies identified by self-ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilize such territories, sharing common bonds of language, customs and etc.

Systems, institutions, mechanisms, and technologies comprising a unique body of knowledge evolved through time that embody patterns of relationships between and among people and between people, their lands and resource environment, including such spheres of relationships which may include social, political, cultural, economic, religious spheres.

A woody and perennial plant, typically large and with a well-defined stem or stems carrying a more or less definite crown.

The conversion of forest to another land use or the long-term reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10% threshold.

A decline in the productivity of an area of land or in its ability to support natural ecosystems or types of agriculture.

“Indigenous People’s Rights Act”

Land with an area of more than 0.5 hectare and tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10%.

Changes within the forest whether natural or human-induced which negatively affect the structure of function of the stand or site, and thereby lower the capacity to supply products and/or services resulting to a degraded forest.

A group of people, which may be an association, cooperative, federation, or other legal entity, established by the community to undertake collective action to address community concerns and need, and mutually share the benefits from the endeavor.

“Adoption of the Community-Based Forest Management Scheme or The COMMUNITY BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT”

Branch of forestry which deals with the involvement of people in forestry activities that are designed to promote the socioeconomic well-being of the people themselves as well as conservation of the soil, water and other forest resources.

How does the tree act as a carbon sink?

Soil conservation is one of the benefits of Social Forestry by the preventing loss of the top most layer of the soil from erosion or prevention of reduced fertility. In what terms the soil is conserved?

Noise reduction is one of the benefits of Social Forestry, how can trees reduce noise pollution?

Air pollutants

Refers to the management of communal land. The village members collectively decide and implement projects on the communal land.

Forces/Factors that brought about Social Forestry.

Refers to the traditional swidden or slash-and-burn cultivation (Kaingin) where there is a sequential relationship between the food crops and forest fallow.

This includes those systems which consists of simultaneous growing of wood and food crops at the early stage and pure plantation towards the end.

The boundaries are marked by planting trees like palm trees or placing big stones or using natural boundaries such as creeks, mountain ranges, mountain saddles and rivers. What Indigenous system?

This is an interdiction of the cutting of wood or grazing of a particular area in honor of the dead.

Muyung System This is a forest conservation practice among the _______ of the Cordillera Region of Northern Philippines

This system is similar with the Imong, It can be used as grazing land, kaingin area, vegetable production or even an area for planting of fruit bearing trees.

This system refers to selected parts of the forest that are cleared for special purposes like planting of fruit bearing trees which is likened to an orchard.

This is a practice of the IPs where bigger trees in the kaingin area are not cut instead they are pruned.

This is a practice among kaingineros (those practicing kaingin) that before clearing a forest for kaingin, all of them help one another to make a fire wall around the kaingin area.

Lapat System This is practiced in _____ of the Cordillera Region in the Northern Philippines.

In this type, livestock are raised together with forest tree crops.

The variability among living organism from all sources including terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems and ecological complexes of which they are part.

Father of Philippine Forestry

Current Secretary of DENR

First Forestry School in the Philippines

Complete name of your Instructor

National Bird of the Philippines