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Enlightenment in Europe

Total questions: 63

Worksheet time: 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to improve government was called:

a)

the Renaissance

b)

the Enlightenment

c)

the Reformation

d)

the Industrial Revolution

2.

Who wrote in his book, Leviathan, that the people needed a strong, powerful ruler?

a)

John Locke

b)

Denis Diderot

c)

Thomas Hobbes

d)

Voltaire

3.

Thomas Hobbes believed that the best form of government was:

a)

Constitutional monarchy

b)

democracy

c)

dictatorship

d)

absolute monarchy

4.

John Locke's view of human nature was largely:

a)

negative

b)

skeptical

c)

positive

d)

indifferent

5.

Locke believed that all people were born with 3 "Natural Rights" from God that no one could take away. These rights consisted of all of the following except:

a)

Life

b)

Pursuit of Happiness

c)

Liberty

d)

Property

6.

What did Locke believe was the main job of the government?

a)

To protect people's rights

b)

To serve the king loyally

c)

To serve the Church without complaint

d)

To provide a large army to protect the people from attack

7.

Which of the following was NOT an Enlightenment philosopher?

a)

Mary Wollstonecraft

b)

Montesquieu

c)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

d)

James Watt

8.

Who developed the concept shown in the picture?

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Beccaria

c)

Locke

d)

Hobbes

9.

What is the purpose of the concept shown in the picture?

a)

to give the king more help

b)

to help the Church raise more money

c)

to keep the government from becoming too powerful

d)

to guarantee equality to all citizens

10.

According to Rousseau, who should have the power in the government?

a)

the people

b)

the president

c)

the king

d)

the judicial branch

11.

Rousseau believed the people create a unwritten agreement with the government. The people agree to obey the government if the government agrees to protects the people's rights. Rousseau called this agreement:

a)

the Constitution

b)

the Declaration of Rights

c)

the Social Contract

d)

the Encyclopedia

12.

Rousseau's revolutionary ideas sparked a revolution in ____________ in 1789.

a)

Switzerland

b)

France

c)

Britain

d)

the U.S.

13.

Mary Wollstonecraft fought for __________________________ during the Enlightenment.

a)

Prisoner rights

b)

Rights of the disabled

c)

Animal rights

d)

Women's rights

14.

Wollstonecraft believed that the path for women to gain equal rights was only through:

a)

education

b)

religion

c)

work

d)

travel

15.

Which of the following was NOT a legacy (an important effect) of the Enlightenment?

a)

A growing belief in progress

b)

A more secular worldview

c)

Increased importance of the individual

d)

The end of slavery worldwide

16.

When was the Enlightenment?

a)

1400s

b)

1500s

c)

1700s

d)

1900s

17.

Where did the Enlightenment mostly take place?

a)

Europe

b)

Africa

c)

Asia

d)

South America

18.
These are kings and queens, or emperors, that reign over a kingdom or empire.
a)
legislatures
b)
parliament
c)
nobles
d)
monarchs
19.

This is the highest legislative body in many countries.

a)

Parliament

b)

Executive Branch

c)

First Estate

d)

Third Estate

20.
Who was the author of the "The Social Contract?"
a)
Rousseau
b)
Hobbes
c)
Locke
d)
Montesquieu
21.
The best government, said which of the following men, is achieved by the separation of powers?:
a)
Montesqiueu
b)
Voltaire
c)
Diderot
d)
Hobbes
22.
The Enlightenment?
a)
was based upon the assumption that science and reason can explain all things.
b)
rejected the claims of modern science
c)
was widely attacked by the royalty and nobility of Europe
d)
regarded human progress as an impossibility "in this best of all possible worlds
23.
The ability of one branch of government to limit the power of the other is called ___.
a)
a natural law
b)
checks and balances
c)
a social contract
d)
laissez-faire
24.
What did Thomas Hobbes believe?
a)
Humans should hurt other humans
b)
Humans were naturally cruel, selfish, and greedy
c)
Humans are all so kind and wonderful
d)
Humans should go to church every day
25.
Who developed the idea of the three branches of government?
a)
John Locke
b)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Thomas Hobbes
26.
John Locke believed that the purpose of government was to protect people’s natural rights.
a)
True
b)
False 
27.
During the Enlightenment, many people placed their faith in ___.
a)
the church
b)
the military
c)
reason
d)
science
28.
Enlightenment ideals had little or no impact on Europe and the rest of the world.
a)
True
b)
False
29.
Life, Liberty and Property or the Pursuit of Happiness
a)
Natural Rights
b)
Democracy
c)
Anarchy
d)
Divine Right of Kings
30.
This philosopher believed in freedom of speech and freedom of religion
a)
Montesquieu
b)
Hobbes
c)
Locke
d)
Voltaire
31.
Enlightenment philosopher who believed men and women should be equal
a)
Voltaire
b)
Denis Diderot
c)
Mary Wollstonecraft
d)
Adam Smith
32.

Enlightenment in Europe stressed on...

a)

empowering the monarchs

b)

reason and power of solving problems

c)

building cordial relations between people of different religions

d)

following the Greek and Roman texts

33.

Thomas Hobbes-the great political thinker, says that humans cannot be trusted to keep order and are naturally ................................. and ...............................

a)

empathetic and kind

b)

careless and clumsy

c)

selfish and wicked

34.

Hobbes thought the ruler or the government must be given total power. What did he compare the best government to?

a)

Leviathan- the sea monster

b)

Hydra- the monster snake

c)

Cyclopes- the one eyed giant

d)

Saphira- the dragon

35.

John Locke criticized the idea of self-government and favored absolute monarchy. (True or False)

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Partially true

36.

"I do not agree with a word you say but I will defend to the death your right to say it", whose famous quote is this?

a)

John Locke

b)

Rousseau

c)

Voltaire

d)

Washington

37.

Rousseau emphasized on individual freedom and explained his political philosophy in his book called ............................................

a)

A Champion of Freedom

b)

The Good Government

c)

The Social Contract

d)

A Tryst with Freedom

38.

Montesquieu's idea of ........................................... was used to keep an individual or a group from gaining total control of the government and keep a check on the power equation.

a)

Declaration of Powers

b)

Separation of Powers

c)

3 natural rights

39.

What were Baccaria's views on punishments?

a)

We must promote torture as a punishment on every petty criminal

b)

Criminals should receive a speedy trial and torture must never be used

c)

Degree of punishment should be based on who has committed the crime (social and economic status)

40.

Who was the women author who criticized Rousseau and emphasized that women's education should not be secondary to men?

a)

Mary Wollstonecraft

b)

Mary Astell

c)

Christina Castelot

41.

According to which right were the aristocrats/monarchs entitled to rule the people?

a)

Right of superior intellect

b)

Moral right

c)

Divine right

42.

What are the natural rights with which people are born according to Locke?

a)

Right to rebel, right to fight injustice and right to power

b)

Right to live peacefully, right to economic stability and right to fraternity

c)

Right to life, right to liberty and right to property

43.

Who believed that if the government was failing the people, the people had a right to overthrow it?

a)

Beccaria

b)

Locke

c)

Hobbes

d)

Voltaire

44.

According to Voltaire what must be separated from what for an empire or country to run properly?

a)

Executive powers from monarchy

b)

Church from the government

c)

Judiciary powers from the Church

d)

Religion from Superstition

45.

What happened because of Baccaria's theory about punishment ?

a)

Many governments legalized capital punishment

b)

Many governments started cruel punishment for petty crimes

c)

Many governments started cruel punishment for harsh crimes

d)

Many governments outlawed torture or reduced it

46.

What was another name for the Enlightenment?

a)

The Age of Exploration

b)

The Age of Reason

c)

The Middle Ages

d)

The Renaissance

47.

Before the Enlightenment, what was the main form of government in Europe?

a)

Democracy

b)

Autonomy

c)

Oligarchy

d)

Monarchy/Absolute Rule

48.

Many rulers came to power believing that their right to lead came from God. This is an example of:

a)

Supreme Law

b)

Public Opinion

c)

Divine Right

d)

Poor Judgment

49.

Enlightened Thinkers (philosophes) based their beliefs on what two things?

a)

Power and privilege

b)

Military strength and fame

c)

Divine Right and church doctrine

d)

Reason and logic

50.
Which French Enlightenment thinker promoted the idea of separation of power? 
a)
Mary Wollstonecraft
b)
Rene Descartes
c)
Charles-Louis Montesquieu
d)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
51.

French Enlightenment philosopher who strongly believed in freedom of speech and religion

a)

Voltaire

b)

Denis Diderot

c)

Mary Wollstonecraft

d)

John Locke

52.
Enlightenment philosopher who believed people had natural rights of life, liberty, and property.
a)
John Locke
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Rousseau
d)
Voltaire
53.

How did Hobbes view human nature?

a)

We are inquisitive and industrious.

b)

We are naturally selfish and quick to fight.

c)

We are naturally ignorant

d)

We are naturally kind and helpful to others

54.
An agreement between people and the government to give up some rights for safety and protection
a)
Philosophers
b)
Democracy
c)
Social Contract
d)
Divine Right of Kings
55.
How did Hobbes sum up people's quality of life in a state of nature?
a)
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
b)
poor, nasty, brutish, and short
c)
fulfilling, long-lived, philosophical, and introspective
d)
scared, hungry, lonely, and cold
56.
This was an 18th century philosophical movement of intellectuals, aiming to apply reason to all endeavors.
a)
Reformation
b)
Renaissance
c)
Enlightenment
d)
Scientific Revolution
57.
According to Locke, all humans share a set of __________.
a)
 internal organs
b)
natural rights
c)
hopes and dreams
d)
traits and motivations
58.
Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Locke would all support:
a)
A dictatorship
b)
A democracy
c)
An absolute monarchy
d)
All of these
59.
Which of the following would NOT be an Enlightenment ideal?  
a)
one ruler should make laws
b)
the government should represent the people
c)
the government should be limited
d)
citizens should have their natural rights
60.
Why did Montesquieu believe that checks and balances were needed in governments?
a)
To make sure that each branch of government is correct
b)
Keep the different branches of government from getting too much power
61.
The Enlightenment is considered a turning point in history because . . . 
a)
Europeans changed their ways of thinking about the role of government
b)
Martin Luther broke away from the Catholic Church
c)
The Columbian Exchange occured
d)
The factory system was used to mass-produce goods
62.
Social Contract
a)
Government protect people, people follow(give power) to the government
b)
Government protects people and people don't complain.
c)
People cannot trust a government.
d)
People must trust the government and in return they cannot have a say in government.
63.

Which Philosopher felt that people were basically born good, would follow a ruler but if he was bad they could get rid of him?

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Montesquieu

c)

Voltaire

d)

John Locke

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