Hero, a 19 year old student, noticed rashes in his palms and soles after his visit to his relatives in Colorado. The only thing notable about his visit was his interaction with his aunt’s 13 dogs. No eschar was seen.

What diagnostic test can be done to determine what organism infected Hero?

Snowy, a Mongolian citizen, developed fever and noticed the development of eschar.

What could be a possible mammalian reservoir of this organism?

Snowy, a Mongolian citizen, developed fever and noticed the development of eschar.

Which of these countries can this organism also be seen?

Palestenian national Duchess, inspired by the book “Eat, Pray, Love” by Elizabeth Gilbert, decided to travel to Italy, India and Indonesia in hopes of finding herself and the meaning of life. However, before she can take off to Bali, her last destination, she discovered a tick bite and developed a fever. Eschar was seen.

What country/ies could she have acquired the disease?

I - Palestine II- Italy III- India IV-Indonesia

Palestenian national Duchess, inspired by the book “Eat, Pray, Love” by Elizabeth Gilbert, decided to travel to Italy, India and Indonesia in hopes of finding herself and the meaning of life. However, before she can take off to Bali, her last destination, she discovered a tick bite and developed a fever. Eschar was seen.

What is the name of this disease?

What is/are the notable feature/s of the Spotted Fever group?

I. All are transmitted through ticks

II. Humans are a definitive host

III. All results to eschar formation

IV. Rodents are mammalian reservoirs of the three

Kai got bitten by an infected Rhipicephalus sanguineus on her way home after a jog. She then developed a fever and headache which are typical symptoms of rickettsial infections. Around how many days will it take before rashes start to manifest?

What type of cells are rickettsiae organisms located?

What does tache noir mean?

In Weil-Felix Test, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever has a positive reaction to these antigens except:

What Biosafety Level do you need to isolate rickettsiae safely?

Contraindication for Rickettsiae

When can you be infected with R.rickettsia in terms of its life cycle?

X. Rickettsia prowazekii causes Endemic typhus.

Y. Rickettsia typhi causes Murine typhus.

50% of the cases have clinical manifestation of Eschar.

[Vectors] Rickettsia prowazekii: _______ ; Orientia tsutsugamushi: ______; Rickettsia typhi: _______

X. Rickettsia prowazekii disease may not manifest the triad (fever, headache, rash).

Y. In Rickettsia typhi, humans are one of its mammalian hosts.

Which of the following is not a clinical manifestation of a rickettsial disease?

Etiological agent of Brill-Zinsser disease.

Method of control to Murine typhus

In mites, only the __________ form is a carrier.

X. Rickettsia spp. are energy parasites and generate their own ATP.

Y. Rickettsia prowazekii can survive for months at room temperature in the dried feces of infected lice.

X. Rickettsia spp. are inhibited by tetracyclines and sulfonamides.

Y. The direct immunofluorescent antibody test is widely available and cheaper and is used to detect the antigen of the pathogen

OmpA and OmpB are the basis for serotyping of Rickettsiae

X. Endothelial cells release pro-thrombotic factors when the host is infected with Rickettsia.

Y. Rickettsiae spp. are quickly destroyed by heat, drying, and bactericidal chemicals except for R. conorii, which can survive for months at temperature in the dried feces of infected lice.

Which of the following stains would NOT be appropriate to use for Rickettsia spp.?

X. Rickettsia spp. are sensitive to antibiotics.

Y. Rickettsia spp., like viruses, contain both DNA and RNA.

Some Rickettsia spp. grow in the _________ (typhus group) and some in the ________ (spotted fever group).

Which of the following is NOT an antigen shared by Rickettsiae with Proteus vulgaris?

This is a classic test that uses cross-reacting Proteus vulgaris antigens to help confirm a diagnosis of a rickettsial infection.

Danica is testing a sample for the presence of rickettsia. She added specific antibodies to the sample and viewed it under a fluorescent microscope, where she observed fluorescence. What kind of immunofluorescent test did she perform?

Which of the following BEST provides an example of the way in which most people become exposed to Ehrlichia?

Which of the following is/are the mammalian reservoir/s of Ehrlichia chaffeensis?

I - Dogs, II - Deer, III - Mice, IV - Tick, V - Humans

Which of the following statements about Ehrlichiae and ehrlichiosis is most correct?

I. Infection with different species of Ehrlichiae displays the same symptoms.

II. Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes human granulocyte anaplasmosis.

Jhemerlyn is a healthy twenty-year old who contracts erlichiosis. How would you expect her doctor to treat her?

I. The inclusion in granulocyte can be used to diagnose both Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia ewingii.

II. Ehrlichia ewengii can be found in south-central, southeastern, and western United States

Gigi went to the doctor as she has been experiencing fever, headache, and muscle aches. She just arrived from a trip to midwestern United States, and complained of some itchiness due to some tick bites. The doctor recommended a blood test to determine the cause of these symptoms. Gigi’s blood tests showed that she has a low number of platelets in the blood. What is the most likely diagnosis for Gigi’s case?

A disease characterized by malaise, headache, rigors, and fever developed in members of several families living in an unheated war-damaged house in an Eastern European country. Erythematous 2-6 mm macular red rashes appeared on the peoples’ trunks and later on their extremities. Some of the people had coughs. One elderly person, although sick, was much less sick than other adults. The people huddled together to keep warm; body lice were common. Which of the following statements is most correct?

Plok plok visited a sheep ranch in a large Western state for a 2-week experience. While they were there, many of the pregnant ewes delivered lambs to the delight of the closely observing teenagers. About 10 days later, three of them developed flu-like illnesses characterized by malaise, cough, and fever. One had an infiltrate on chest radiography, indicating pneumonia. The three friends had different doctors, but the physicians each drew a blood specimen and submitted it to the city health department for serologic testing. All three specimens were positive for Q fever. Public health investigators determined that all of them had been to the sheep ranch. When the investigators contacted the ranch, they were told that there was no Q fever there and that no one who lived at the ranch had been sick. The most likely explanation for the teenagers’ illnesses and the lack of illness at the ranch is:

A middle-aged sportsman, a resident of Oklahoma, took a hike through a rural wooded and brushy area near his home. The next morning, he noticed and removed a large (>1 cm) tick from his upper arm. About 1 week later, he experienced a gradual onset of fever and malaise. He now seeks medical attention because he is concerned about a possible infection transmitted by the tick. Which of the ff diseases is most likely to be acquired from a tick?

Coxiella burnetii causes ________.

Airborne fomites and _____ serve as vectors for Coxiella burnetii

Humans are infected with Coxiella burnetii via _______.

Which of the following are clinical manifestations of Coxiella burnetii? I- Headache II- Fever III- Rash IV- Pneumonia

Rickettsia akari and Rickettsia australis are part of _______.

What is the main difference between Rickettsia akari and Rickettsia australis?

What is the main vector of Rickettsia akari?

A firm red papule appears at site if mite bite a week before onset of fever. Then it develops into a deep seated vesicle that forms black eschar.

Which of the following are mammalian reservoirs of Rickettsia australis?

I - Dogs II - Marsupials III - Deer IV- Humans V- Rodents

Rickettsia akari and Rickettsia australis are diagnosed via ______.