What would be an example of a deviance that is not a crime?

In a court of law, what is the person who is ‘crying out’ or complaining about a crime that has been committed against them called?

Amelia is studying Spanish in school. Her teacher explains to her that there are two different ways to address a person when you speak Spanish. If it is your friend, you might use the term, “Tu” but if it is someone you don’t know well or an authority figure, you use “Usted.” Although Amelia’s teacher is originally from Bolivia, she says that this applies universally in Spanish culture. What would this principle be an example of?

Logan is standing in line at a fast food restaurant. There is a man behind him who comments on Logan’s shirt. Logan speaks to the man briefly about the band mentioned on his shirt. When Logan gets his order, he finds a table, sits down, and begins eating. The man who had been behind Logan has also received his food and sits down at Logan’s table, even though the restaurant is not busy. Logan is surprised because the man has broken an unspoken rule. What kind of rule is the man ignoring?

On her way to work, Ivy notices a toddler who is playing in a yard all alone. The toddler is getting close to the road. Ivy is obviously not the toddler’s parent but worries that the child might wander into the road and be hurt. She stops and knocks on the front door. The woman at the door is so thankful that Ivy stopped because she didn’t realize her little son was even outside. Ivy explains that she didn’t want to be nosy, but she just felt compelled to make sure the toddler was safe. What is Ivy’s action an example of?

A man has been rushed to the emergency room because he is suffering extreme chest pain. The doctors begin working on him immediately. A co-worker of the patient inquires at the waiting room desk, asking the nurse, Oliver, for an update on his friend. Oliver understands that the co-worker is only concerned but informs him that he cannot divulge information to anyone unless the patient has given permission. Oliver explains that he could lose his job and be charged with a crime if he did so. What is Oliver’s situation an example of?

A supposition intended to explain something or an accepted explanation that has not been proven.

The study of crime and human physical attributes is called.

Phrenology (or craniology) was the theory that a person's personality could be determined by seeing or feeling the shape of what part of their body.

Although phrenology has been proven to be an incorrect theory, Gall was the first person to associate personality with the brain instead of other parts of the body, like the heart.

Phrenology, or the idea that a person's personality can be determined by seeing or feeling their skull, was developed by which person?

This person argued that certain physical characteristics (such as having very long arms or eyes too close or far apart) might indicate tendencies toward criminal behavior after they studied the bodies of criminals after their deaths.

This person expanded on Charles Darwin's theories and argued that all human behavior is "adapted instinctive behavior" and that overcrowding and lack of economic success pushed people to be aggressive and commit crimes.

This person used the theory of somatotyping to try and explain how people with different body types had different personalities which could influence their likelihood of committing crimes.

The body type with soft and round features with a large digestive area (overweight) that have a personality that is more relaxed and outgoing.

The body type with muscular and athletic features with larger bone structure and muscle mass that have a personality that is more aggressive and assertive, making them more likely to be delinquents or criminals.

The body type that is thin and frail, with little muscle mass that have a personality that is more likely to be shy and restrained.

The body type that is average in proportions and has a more neutral personality.

Theories that explain crime as related to genetics, body types, and other physical attributes.

Theories that examine how nutrition, vitamins, environmental contaminants, and endocrinology may have an impact on criminal behavior.

Theories that examine the links between hormones and crime.

Some studies have found that high levels of this hormone can lead to an increase in aggression and violence.

Some research indicates that low levels of this neurotransmitter, combined with high levels of testosterone, can increase aggression in people.

Women with low levels of this neurotransmitter have also been show in studies to be more impulsive, aggressive, or irresponsible.

The only consistent connection between weather and crime rates is related to temperature. Crime is more likely to occur when the temperature is?

What other weather factor has been tied to an increase in impulsive behavior because it changes blood flow in the brain?

The use of psychological research and practice to better understand crime, law, and criminals.

Mental disease, problems, or abnormalities.

Being out of touch with reality: delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized thinking.

Believed that each person was born with traits that determined their actions that were biological and embedded in their personality and dictated the path they would follow.

Argued that our personalities are broken into three parts (the id, ego, and superego) and that crime occurs when a person either is not adapting well or is having a deficiency in their personality.

Argued that people pattern their actions and behaviors on the actions and behaviors of others.

Argued that we learn how to act by watching the actions of others, but that aggressive behavior has to be triggered and can be kept in check with self-regulating methods.

Argued that some people have lower levels of self-control than other individuals, which makes them more likely to commit crimes.

Eysenck described this personality trait as characterized by antisociability and a lack of empathy.

Eysenck described this personality trait as sociable, outgoing, dominant, and having high levels of energy.

Eysenck described this personality trait as characterized by moodiness, shyness, and irrationality.

According to Freud, the base of our personality from which our unconscious drives, desires, and urges come.

According to Freud, this is the rational part of our personality that is seeking to accomplish particular objectives and considers our drives and the consequences of decisions.

According to Freud, this is the moral guide of our personalities which is shaped by our upbringing and society.

The theory that we learn how to act by watching the actions of others.

The theory that some people have lower levels of self-control than other individuals and are more likely to act impulsively and maybe even commit crimes.

A person can't be held responsible for a crime if they didn't know what they were doing at the time of the crime and didn't know what they were doing was wrong.

A person cannot be held responsible if, because of their mental state, they cannot resist committing a crime.

Juries can give this verdict if they believe an accused individual may have some degree of mental incompetence but should still be held responsible for the crime they are accused of.

The attempt to understand a criminal's personality in order to gain insight into the person behind the crime or predict what they might do in the future is called.

The FBI uses this unit within their organization to study and develop new interrogation techniques and knowledge on how profiling can help solve crimes.

Which famous psychologist from the past would be MOST likely to speak to Congress about the dangers of violent video games?

The physical structure of society and the organization of that society is the definition of what term.

External forces that influence our actions and lives (such as the amount of available housing, unemployment, and the quality of education) is the definition of what term.

Social sickness, or the degradation of a society due to changes, is the definition of what term.

This theory argues that crime occurs as changes happen in society and cause anomie, or normlessness. This causes strain when people aren't able to achieve cultural goals or don't have access to the acceptable means to achieve those goals.

This theory argues that the type of place makes a difference in crime more than the kinds of people that live in a certain place. For example, crime is higher in urban areas than rural areas because it is overpopulated and people spend more time outside their homes.

This theory argues that some people choose deviance or crime to adapt to strain because they have more access to illegitimate means of reaching societies goals than others. In other words, some people choose to do illegal things because they have more access to them.

This theory argues that crime is due to social conflict, social change, and a lack of consensus in the group. When a group is experiencing a lot of upheaval or social change, crime may increase.

Match the theorist with their theory: Emile Durkheim and Robert K. Merton

Match the theorist with their theory: Rodney Stark

Match the theorist with their theory: The Chicago School

Match the theorist with their theory: Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin

According to Merton, when a person adapts to strain by continuing to accept the goal and the means to achieve that goal, what reaction are they choosing?

According to Merton, when a person adapts to strain by accepting the goal but using new ways to reach it (like crime), what reaction are they choosing?

According to Merton, when a person adapts to strain by rejecting the goal but continuing to observe the means of reaching it, what reaction are they choosing?

According to Merton, when a person adapts to strain by rejecting both the goal and the means to achieve it (sometimes turning to drugs and alcohol), what reaction are they choosing?

According to Merton, when a person adapts to strain by rejecting the goal and accepting means of reaching it and replacing them with different goals and means of reaching them, what reaction are they choosing?

According to this theory, crime is learned through watching other people and interacting with them, like most human behavior.

This theory suggests that negative labels given to individuals by society may become a "self-fulfilling prophecy" since being labeled and treated this way may push individuals to embrace these negative assumptions.

This theory suggest that the law is one part of the overall struggle between those who have power in society and those who do not. It argues that those in power create laws to keep those who don't have power beneath them.

This theory suggest that the causes of crime are located in the social conditions of a society that empowers the wealthy and disenfranchises the poor and others less fortunate.

The initial act of deviance that a person commits.

The continued deviance that a person commits after being labeled or treated suspiciously after their first deviant act.

The part of a capitalist society, according to Marx and Engels, that owns the means of production (factories, real estate, technology, etc.)

The part of a capitalist society, according to Marx and Engels, that do the work in society but do not own the means of production.

According to Chabliss' radical theory, which group in society is more likely to escape arrests and convictions?

According to Chabliss' radical theory, law enforcement and the criminal justice system are rewarded for going after members of which part of society?

In the late 19th century, conditions in Ireland led immigration numbers to swell. At one point, a third of New York City’s population were Irish immigrants. This time period also saw the establishment of several Irish street gangs in New York. According to the Chicago School’s social disorganization theory, what was the reason for the rise of gangs during this period?

Sofia is raising her young son in an inner-city neighborhood. Most of the boys from the neighborhood have developed drug problems or been sent to jail by the time they are 20 and Sofia does not want that for her boy. According to the theories put forth by Rodney Stark, what would be the best action for Sophia to take?

Sofia is raising her young son in an inner-city neighborhood. Most of the boys from the neighborhood have developed drug problems or been sent to jail by the time they are 20 and Sofia does not want that for her boy. According to the theories put forth by Rodney Stark, what would be the best action for Sophia to take?

Match the theorist with their theory: Howard Becker

Match the theorist with their theory: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Match the theorist with their theory: William J. Chambliss and Robert T. Siedman

Crimes against persons focuses on the use (or threat of) physical violence that results in harm (physical or nonphysical) to another person. This is referred to as:

Statistics indicate that violent crimes have been on the rise since the mid-1990s.

The willful killing of another person is called:

If someone plans to kill another person with "malice aforethought" and then carries out the act, they are most likely to be charged with what category of homicide?

If a person gets into a physical altercation with another person after acting on a feeling of intense emotion like anger or fear, they are most likely to be charged with what category of homicide?

If a person if texting and driving and runs over a cyclist on the side of the road and kills them, what category of homicide will they most likely be charged with?

Killings where the victim and the perpetrator knew each other as friends, family, or other acquaintances.

Killings in which the victim and perpetrator did not know each other or have a relationship prior to the homicide.

Crimes that are committed due to hostility in the relationship and feelings like jealousy and anger, which is often the reason for primary homicides.

Nonprimary homicides are often described as this, a crime that involves some premeditation, but no victim precipitation (or cause to be targeted.)

Involve the murder of several individuals in at least three separate events.

Involve the murder of at least three people in the same incident in the same location.

Unlawful attack without a weapon in which the victim is not seriously harmed.

An unlawful attack on another person with the intent of severe injury often involving the use of a weapon of some type to inflict harm.

Assaults that occur between individuals in an intimate relationship at an estimated rate of 20 people per minute in the US and can not only involve physical violence, but stalking or sexual violence.

The most common crime against persons, making up 63.6% of violent crimes in 2014.

Robbery is considered what type of crime?

Muggings and robberies in private residences are considered what type of robbery?

Robberies that occur at businesses and commercial settings, like at banks and convenient stores, are considered what type of robbery?

Thieves who have acquired a degree of skill (often from a mentor), plan out their crimes, generate relatively good amounts of money from their thefts, and spend little time incarcerated.

Thieves who continue stealing but have an ordinary level of skill, engaging in a number of similar crimes like stealing cars or robbing homes.

Individuals who commit property crimes when the occasion is favorable to crime, but do not do it for a living.

The unlawful taking away of another's property from their possession that does not involve the use of force or illegal entry in order for the property to be taken and the perpetrator is not caught in the act.

The unlawful entry to a residence or business in order to commit a theft or felony.

The willful burning (or attempt to burn) a residential building, motor vehicle, commercial property, or personal property.