2 Refers to the grouping together of weeds based on their similarities and differences.

Echinocloa glaberescens belongs to what Family?

Leaves mostly paralleled, stems without central pith or annular layers and with woody fibers are called

Weed that has triangular stem and leaves parallel-veined arising alternately in three rows.

A weed that can successfully establish and spread to new habitats after their introduction, apparently, without further assistance from humans.

Weeds that are detrimental, destructive, and difficult to control with ordinary farming practices

A weed that is known to occupy the earliest stage of succession which is found in highly disturbed but potentially productive environment

It is the considered the best agent of weed seed dissemination.

It refers to the volume of weed seeds capable of infecting the succeeding crop.

It refers to a condition or phenomenon of suspended growth.

It is also known as environmental dormancy.

It refers to a change in composition of the weed community.

It is the most important stage in weed establishment.

A form of competition between two different plant species.

Refers to the time when weed should be removed otherwise, it will have adverse effects on yield

It refers to a weed management that avoids the introduction or spread of weeds.

It refers to a mechanical method of weed management which reduces the tuber population in the soil.

A chemical that suppress or kill vegetation through their effect on plant’s physiology and biochemistry.

Innate ability of formerly susceptible species to survive and reproduce after treatment with a dose of herbicide that would normally lethal

A character of weeds the is exceedingly harmful, working in a hidden and usually injurious manner

This character is influenced greatly by dormancy of weed seeds, number of seeds produced by each weed species, survival tactics by each species, ways and means of dispersal, and viability of weeds.

Which of the following is/are characteristic of weeds?

Which of the following is an invasive weeds

The inhibition of photolysis of water in PSII and ETS in PSI like atrazine belong to what kind of herbicide mode of action?

Handweeding is an example of what kind of control?

Atrazine is

Paraquat and glyphosate are considered as

2,4-D is an example of herbicides that mimics the ausin action. This type of herbicide has ___chemical structure

The aim of weed management is to ______________________.

The following are considerations for weed management, except

Method of weed management that aims to avoid the introduction or spread of weeds.

The following are examples of mechanical weed control methods, except

This method reduces tuber population in the soil by allowing weeds to germinate and then put another control measure to control the weeds

An indirect weed control measures that aims to enhance crop growth and reduce weed growth by modifying the environment in favor of the crop.

Flooding suppresses weed growth. This method of control is under_________

Which among the control methods has a premise that the weed has natural enemies in its native habitats?

The following are some problems and concerns in using biological control of weeds, except

Which of the following is a pre-plant soil incorporated herbicide?

Type of herbicide that is applied before the emergence of the crop or weed

Which is not a post-emergence herbicide?

Which if the following herbicide is capable to move within the plant to reach its site of action

Aside from paraquat, which of the following is considered as a general weed killer?

Herbicide that inhibits the photolysis of water in Photosystem II and Electron Transport chain in Photosystem I?

The following are examples of growth inhibitor herbicide, except?

An example of amino acid inhibitor, such as EPSP?

2,4 – D mode of action is to _______________

Propanil is an example of

Bipyridillums are cationic herbicides. Which of the following is an example of cationic herbicide?

Which of the following group of herbicides is very volatile?

This refers to Innate ability of formerly susceptible species to survive and reproduce after treatment with a dose of herbicide that would normally lethal

Where do resistant weeds come from?

This refers to the repeated use of same herbicide or herbicide with the same mode of action which contributes to herbicide resistance.

The following are advantages of herbicides except

This method would likely to reduce the use of chemicals more effectively.

Agriculture has caused a far wider and more rapid disturbance than natural disturbances.

Weeds may have arisen from crops by a mutation to gigantism such as in cultivated Rice and wild rice.

Weeds are forever

The term weediness is the most appropriate term for the attributes of an ideal weed which has the ability to adapt to the environment, resist control and multiply and reproduce rapidly.

Sexual reproduction of weeds occurs if new weed plants are formed from vegetative parts.

Monocharia vaginalis or pickerel weed is a type of annual weed with wide expanded leaves.

Invasive weeds are more or less found in every farm, but are not exceptionally injurious and are readily controlled by good farming practices.

Structure of the seed, habitat of weeds, and the activities of man are key factors for efficient dispersal.

Weeds are easily disseminated and spread too far because of its dormancy.

Cenchrus echinatus has seeds with spines or hooks.

Rottboellia cochinchinensis, commonly known as rice flatsedge, has a hard seed coat which causes the seed to become dormant.

Man and farm implements can also contribute in weed seed germination.

Annual weeds produce seeds while perennial weeds produce seeds and vegetative offspring.

Continues use of herbicides favors tolerant weed species and development of resistant one.

A change in water management or crop environment explain the weed shift from annual to perennial.

In weed seed germination, the first step is the emergence of radicle.

Water and light are the two important factor in weed seed germination.

Weed growth depends on the scarcity of the resources and its ability to capture resources.

The competitive ability of the crop or the weeds is determined by their ability of quickly capture and use the available resources.

Ammensalism is a form of plant interference occurs when one plant interferes with the growth of another plant via chemical inhibitor produced by plant and secreted to suppress growth

Period threshold describes that control measures should be taken due to high weed population density, to prevent economic injury to the crop.

Pre-plant herbicide is applied before the crop emerge while pre-emergence herbicide is applied before the crop is seeded or planted.

Critical period of competition starts when the crop yield starts to increase and ends when the yield of the crop starts to decrease.

79. General weed killer

Immature embryo

Genetic Resistance + Selection Pressure

EPSP

Manatee (Trichecus manatus)

2,4-D

Competition + allelopathy

Environmental dormancy

Paraquat

AHAS

Pistia stratiotes

Portulaca oleracea

ACCase

Poaceae

Lantana camara

Cyperaceae

Phenols

Pistia stratiotes : floating Vernonia cinerea :_______________

Cyperus rotundus : tuber bulbs

Pistia stratiotes : _____________

Echinocloa glabrescens : Annual

Ischaemum rugosum : __________

Rottboellia cochinchinensis: itchgrass

Eleusine indica :____________

Cyperus rotundus : sedge

Leptochloa chinensis: _________