Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body.

Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose.

Mixture of water and non-dissolved materials.

Bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed.

Atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element.

Element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction.

Basic unit of matter.

Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction.

Weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH.

Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes.

Attraction between molecules of the same substance.

Compound with an amino group (-NH₂) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end.

Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.

Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes.

A slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules.

Large compound formed from combinations of many monomers.

Nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose.

Energy needed to get a reaction started.

Bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.

Substance consisting entirely of one type of atom.

Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

When two or more atoms are bonded together.

Attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants: attraction between unlike molecules.

Atom that has a positive or negative charge.

Single sugar molecule.

Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically combined together but not chemically bonded.

The center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons.

Large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides.

Measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14.

Compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.

Substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution.

Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.

Negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus.

Molecules having uneven distribution of charges.

Substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.

Small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers.

Protein that acts as a biological catalyst.