Refers to surface changes on a volcano, such as subsidence (sinking), tilting, or bulge formation, due to the movement of magma below the surface.

Smell of sulfur (rotten eggs)

Are stream-like flows of incandescent molten rock erupted from a crater or fissure.

Are showers of airborne fine- to coarse-grained volcanic particles that fallout from the plumes of a volcanic eruption.

Are turbulent masses of ejected fragmented volcanic materials (ash and rocks), mixed with hot gasses (200°C to 700°C to as hot as 900°C) that flow downslope at very high speeds (>60kph).

Are rapidly flowing thick mixture of volcanic sediments (from the pyroclastic materials) and water, usually triggered by intense rainfall during typhoons, monsoons, and thunderstorms.

Are volcanic materials directly ejected from the volcano’s vent with force and trajectory.

Are gasses and aerosols released into the atmosphere, which include water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride.

Massive collapse of a volcano, usually triggered by an earthquake or volcanic eruption

Also known as a landslip.

Occur due to erosion or underground water. They start developing a long time before it actually appears.

Unexpected and rapid shaking of the earth due to the breakage and shifting of layers underneath the earth and strikes all of a sudden at any time of day or night

Refers to the movement or shifting of tectonic plates.

It is triggered by volcanic activity near the surface.

It is were the earthquake starts.

The point in the ground directly above the focus.

A weak point in the tectonic plate where pressure within the crust is released.

These are smaller earthquakes that happen in the same place before the main earthquake.

The largest, main earthquake is called______.

These are smaller earthquakes that occur afterwards in the same place as the mainshock.

This are energy radiates that spread outward from the fault that shakes the earth surface.

Earthquakes are recorded by instruments called _________.

A______________ is the recording of the ground shaking at the specific location of the instrument.

The size of the earthquake is called its __________.

The severity of earthquake shaking

Earthquake intensity ratings in the Philippines are based on the PHIVOLCS_________

Other country use descriptive scale – _____________ in assessing the earthquake intensity.

It measures the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake.

It is a disruptive up-down and sideways movement or motion experienced during an earthquake.

It is a displacement on the ground due to movement of fault

Sea waves resulting from the disturbance of ocean floor by an earthquake.

It is a process that transforms the behavior of a body of sediments from that of a solid to that of a liquid when subjected to extremely intense shaking.

It is defined as the lowering of the land surface due to a sinkhole or underground mine collapse, or during a major earthquake.

It is the movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope. They result from the failure of the materials which make up the hill slope and are driven by the force of gravity.

P waves are also faster than S waves

A dip-slip fault in which the block above the fault has moved downward relative to the block below. This type of faulting occurs in response to extension.

A dip-slip fault in which the upper block, above the fault plane, moves up and over the lower block. This type of faulting is common in areas of compression

A fault on which the two blocks slide past one another. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a right lateral fault.

The surface of the earth where earthquake happens.

The Philippines is vulnerable to earthquakes because it is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire.

It occur when the negative effects of the hazards are not well-managed.

Any phenomenon, substance, or situation, which has the potential to cause disruption or damage to infrastructure and services, people, their property, and their environment.

The resources and skills that people possess, can develop, mobilize, and access, which allows them to have more control over shaping their future and coping with disaster risks

A concept which describes factors or constraints of an economic, social, physical, or geographic nature, which reduces the ability of a community to prepare for and cope with the impact of hazards.

The probability that negative consequences may arise when hazards interact with vulnerable areas, people, property, and the environment.

These are various activities, projects, and programs that the communities may identify after assessing and analyzing the risks that they face.

It is a participatory process to assess the hazards, vulnerabilities, and capacities of a community.

Through this, the likelihood of the occurrence, severity, and duration of the various hazards are determined.

Identifies what elements are at risk and the causes of their vulnerable conditions.