The person who authorizes another to enter into legal relationships on his or her behalf.

The party authorized by the principal to act on his or her behalf.

The range of acts authorized by the principal.

Written or oral direct communication of authority by the principal or agent.

Any writing that appoints someone as an agent.

The principal’s approval of a previously unauthorized act or an act outside the agent’s scope of authority.

Duties owed by agents to principals that require an agent to put the best interests of the principal ahead of his or her own.

An agent may not secretly benefit from the agency transaction.

An agent must obey the instructions of the principal.

An agent’s duty to exercise the degree of care and skill that a reasonably prudent person would use in a similar situation.

The principal when the agent is not allowed to disclose the principal’s existence or identity.

A contractual relationship in which one party engages another to work for pay under the supervision of the party paying.

A party who engages another to work for pay.

A party who works under the supervision of another for pay.

One who contracts to do something for another but is free of the latter’s direction and control.

An employment relationship whereby the employee may be discharged at any time because no agreement was made about length of employment; alternately, the employee may quit the job at any time without liability for breach of contract.

When an employer terminates an employee without cause.

Money paid by government or private insurance funds to workers who have lost their jobs through no fault of their own.

Money deducted from an employee’s paycheck.

A payment to an insurance fund that compensates employees for injuries on the job.

An employee’s duty to obey the reasonable orders and rules of the employer.

An employee’s duty to possess the skill, experience, or knowledge necessary to do the work accepted.

Employment contracts in which new employees promise not to join a union.

Any group of employees whose employment contract is negotiated together in a unionized company.

A card a worker signs to indicate the desire to be represented by a particular union.

All employees must join the union.

Establishment in which workers are not required to join the union but must pay union dues as a condition of employment.

Establishment in which workers are not required to belong to a union or to pay union dues.

A worker must belong to the recognized union before he or she can be hired by a company.

State laws prohibiting compulsory union membership and banning the union shop, closed shop, and agency shop.

The process whereby the union and the employer negotiate a contract of employment that binds both sides.

To collectively stop working to force an employer to give in to union demands.

A situation in which an employer temporarily closes down operations to induce the union to agree to the employer’s position.

A refusal to buy or to use someone’s products or services.

Groups of people with characteristics that may not legally be considered when making employment decisions.

Government agency with the authority to investigate and settle complaints of job discrimination and the power to prosecute offenders.

Those qualified for a job without regard to the challenged practice.

An employer’s defense that a job requirement compels discrimination against a protected class.

The effect of a policy that eliminates more members of protected classes than members of the majority.

One thing is exchanged for another.

Federal agency that enacts safety regulations and inspects workplaces.

Defenses in a negligence suit that include the employee’s assumption of risk, the employer’s contributory negligence, and co-worker negligence.

The situation when a person is aware of a danger that could cause injury but voluntarily remains in the dangerous situation.

Laws requiring most employers to obtain insurance to pay benefits to injured employees.

Training for another type of job.