Puritan colonists tried to use official trial procedures when dealing with a believed threat to their community, but they used more hysteria than actual justice.

A group of Australian immigrants during the Gold Rush set up a militia that carried out vigilante justice after they lost faith in the local magistrate.

Slave owners were able to act as both judge and executioner on their property, with local and state governments often having no influence over them.

A report on the administration of justice that determined there was "little justice in the criminal justice system" in America. It led to changes over the next few decades that created laws and policies to standardized criminal justice in the US.

The idea that the goal of the criminal justice system is to prevent crime from happening by making people avoid committing crimes due to the threat of punishment.

The idea that the goal of the criminal justice system is to protect society by limiting the freedom of offenders by placing them in a controlled environment away from society.

The idea that the goal of the criminal justice system is to punish people who break laws, make them feel something similar to the victims, and hope that it keeps them from committing crimes again.

The idea that the goal of the criminal justice system is to provide offenders with training or treatment that will give them skills to return to society without returning to crime.

The idea that the goal of the criminal justice system is to help offenders transition back into society by slowly reintroducing them with halfway houses and work programs to reintegrate them into society.

The idea that if people see punishments given to offenders they will be less likely to commit crimes of their own.

The idea that if offenders are punished harshly for a crime that they committed they will be less likely to commit the same crime again in the future.

The most extreme form of incapacitation is the death penalty.

This form of rehabilitation helps prisoners with tutoring, GED programs, or other courses to teach them skills since many inmates have not obtained their high school diplomas.

This form of rehabilitation helps prisoners by giving them employment in prison that will give them skills or teach them a trade that they can use outside of prison instead of returning to crime.

This form of rehabilitation helps prisoners by giving them group or personal therapy for substance abuse, depression, and stress. This allows them to build coping skills conducive to leading productive lives outside of prison.

This form of rehabilitation helps prisoners by giving them access to meditation, tai chi, yoga, dog training, culinary classes, gardening, and other productive ways to manage their stress and give them good hobbies to pursue.

Housing units where multiple prisoners live after being released from prison to help them transition back into society without returning to crime.

Programs that allow prisoners to work outside of the prison during the day but return to prison at night.

One thing that all scholars agree on when it comes to criminal justice is that it has no impact on the morality of our society.

The first step in a crime entering the criminal justice system.

The next step in a crime entering the criminal justice system, after a person has noticed something that may be a criminal act.

After an act is defined as breaking the law and the police are called, this step occurs.

This is the final step in entering a crime in the system.

A person or their items cannot be seized unless their potential guilt meets this standard.

Evidence gathered illegally may not be admissible in court because of this.

Statements by the accused may be excluded if they were not provided this upon their arrest.

The first step in a pretrial when prosecutors make sure they have enough evidence against the accused and determine if they will move forward or drop charges.

The pretrial step where the accused is taken in front of a low-level judge that determines if probable cause exists and whether the accused will be released, set bail, or detained in jail until the trial proceeds.

The pretrial step where there is a preview of the trail in front of the judge where the prosecution must show there is enough evidence for the case to move forward, but the defense does not have to provide any evidence and can see the strength of the case against them.

The pretrial step where the prosecution decides whether to put the case in front of a grand jury or to issue an indictment or accusation of guilt to move forward to a trial.

The pretrial step where the prosecution and defense may negotiate to reach an agreement where the defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for a modified or reduced sentence or more lenient punishment.

The majority of cases do not make it all the way through every step of the criminal case process.

In this type of trial, a group of twelve citizens must unanimously decide whether the defendant is guilty or innocent of a crime.

This type of trial is often better for defendants if they want to appeal to people's emotions to find them innocent.

In this type of trial, the judge decides whether the defendant is guilty or innocent.

This type of trial is often better for defendants if the case rests on the interpretation of complex legal rules or if their rights may have been violated in the collection of evidence.

In a jury trial, only the defense gets to try to exclude witnesses that may be biased during jury deliberations.

This is the first step of a trial where both sides state an overview of the arguments they will make during the course of the trial, starting with the prosecution.

This is the part of the trial where both sides present evidence and question or cross-examine witnesses, starting with the prosecution.

This is the part of the trial where both sides wrap up their arguments and try to leave a lasting impression on the jury or judge. The order of whether the prosecution or defense goes first varies.

This is the part of a jury trial where the judge reminds the jury of the standards of guilt for the crime that the defendant is accused of before they leave to make a decision.

This is the final part of a jury trial when they leave to reach a decision and then return to the court to say whether or not they found the defendant guilty.

In a jury trial, the jury determines the verdict but the judge decides the sentencing.

These are used by judges to determine the type and length of punishment after a defendant is found guilty. They are often based on the severity of the crime and the judge may take into account mitigating circumstances.

While judges determine at convicted person's sentence, they may be restricted by this laws like this that require a minimum length of punishment be served based on the type of offense committed.

While judges determine at convicted person's sentence, the defendant may be forced to serve a certain portion of their sentence in prison before they can be given parole due to these laws.

This type of correction is only an option given for less serious crimes where offenders are less likely to repeat their crime.

This type of correction is an alternative to prison which may be offered initially for first time offenders or for offenders who have served a portion of their time in jail or prison. The convicted is able to return to their community as long as they meet certain conditions. If they are violated, they return to prison to serve out their sentence.

This type of correction is an alternative to prison in some states and use an alternative form of punishment. For example, a juvenile offender may be sent to a boot camp instead of a detention facility.

This type of correction is used for more serious crimes and has the convicted person serve at least part of their sentence in jail or prison with the security level being determined by the severity of their crime.

A person is released from prison in this manner when they have served their full sentence in prison and will not return unless they are convicted of another crime.

Prisoners in this program have served part of their sentence in jail or prison may be released under certain conditions. If they violate the terms of these conditions, they will return to jail or prison to complete their sentence.

Some cases are dropped due to a lack of evidence, a decision by the prosecution to avoid charges, or to keep the system from getting too clogged up. This process of dropping cases at various points in the process is called?

Every step and process is the same between the adult and juvenile justice systems.

"Taken into custody"

"Arrested"

"found guilty"

"found delinquent"

Some states have the age a child can be tried as an adult as young as 10 or have no age minimum and some states try 16 year olds automatically as adults.